-2-

2011 12 28

:.

3 /1

8(-I-)

.
1960 .
.
.14
: 14
m 5,49.104u m 1,00866u m p 1,00728u 1u 931.5MeV .c 2 :
n

m ( 147N ) 13,9992u m ( 12C ) 11,9967u m ( 14C ) 13,9999u

6

:
0.25
0.75
1.25

Be 5 B 6C 7 N 8O

C 126C 11
)1 C
14 .
6
6
-1-1
-2-1 .
)2 C 126C
. 14
6

0.5

)3 C 11
11 . ZA B .
6

0.25

-1-4 .
-2-4 MeV .
: 14
( 12 )14
. ) N ( 14C 14 ) N ( 12C 12
0
0

)4 C
14 .
6
0.5

1,2.1012

14

) N 0( C
12

. .14

) N 0( C

: 5700ans 14
6,02.1023 mol 1
0.5
1.5
0.5
2

t M ( 12C ) 12g .mol 1 12

1/ 2

.N A

)1 .
)2 :

Ln 2

1/ 2

. t .

)3 .
)4 2006
m=0,10g 0,702 .
14 . 12 55%
m=0,10g .
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3 /2

5(-II-)

0.5
0.75
0.5
0.75

1 - uc
RC . )1( ( )2
.
)1 .
)2 1- i
.
)3 uc .
)4 .uc (t ) Ae t :

. A RC
)5 C'=100F
" C R=2k .E=6V
. C
t
' . C"C uc Ln Ln (u ) Ln (E ) :
c

0.5
2

. RC 2- ) Ln (u .
c
-1-5 C .
-2-5 " C .

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3 /3

(7)

0.75
0.75
1

:
m HF S V=100mL
.C=10-2mol/L
)1 . m .M=19g/mol
)2 HF .

)3 K H 3O C
. . H 3O .K=6,3.10
)4 S ' S .C' pH
.pH=2,8 '.C
:
S1 HF S2 CH3COOH
.C0 1 89mS .m 1 : 2 16mS .m 1 S1
.S2 mS .m 2 .mol 1 : 25C
. (F ) 5,54 (CH 3COO ) 4,1 (H 3O ) 35
)1 2 1

1.5

-4

. . 1
2

)2
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