Registered : VSP/ 169/2010-1212

RNI:APTEl/2008/26475

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sWTd,T|qsLiL`i4: dsLi RVFnys jRVsV ARVN][ys Tzms
sVL][sWLRiV ZNP[Liys N][LjiLij. BxmsZNP[xmsyss NRPzqss C XLiRLi
sVLigRiyLRiLi ZNP[LiR x L[ isVLi qx sVbdP NRPVsWL`i tz sQLi[s V NRPzqsLij. ALiR xms[a`P[
Bs xqsLisLis 'dsLi RVFys' jRVsV ARVN][ys ysW
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[zqsLij. RsV ssFysNTP ztsQLi[ rysVNRPWLigS xqsLijLiyLRis U{ms s[R V
FyLRiV. tz sQLi[s V NRPzqss yLji[ sLiRsVWLji x Lij NRPXxts Q, sWRVgRiV s[Vg][Fy
lLiT , {qsFsLi LRis[VtsQ DyLRiV. . dsLi RVFysV NSLRiLigS sxts QFLiVVs l\LiRVsV
ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li sLis[ ARVN][ys ysW ylgi[aRP*LRiLSso N][LSLRiV. .
l\LiRVNRPV FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW. 10 s[ ]xmsVs xmsLi sxts QxmsLjiLRiLi @LijLiys
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x q s s WyLSs, s W m s s V
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C sWms gRiLiRV @LiVVs
sxtsQR VLi RVxmsTLij. kLi][ C
gS s W s W m s s \ l L i Lk i
[RV[s sxqs=RV zqs[
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x q sLi s R =LR i Li[ l L i s s W
Lj i NSL R i VV @x m sgj i LiR V
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Lj i NSL R i VV
@x m sgj i Li,
s VLj i N]sLi s R s V s [
NRPLRiV, yRVVRVV y

|ms VNR P VyLR i s AL][ x m sV

[NRPF[RV. sVVLigS syyV,
ANR P s V s Li Lj i NSL R i V s V
D [ a R P x m spLR i *NR P LigS R z m sLiyLR i s
@LiVcyLRiV. y mx sn RLigS WsVNTP
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VyLRiV. W xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP
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233 s[ sWxmsoV NRPszmsLiR
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@WsVRVLi[ xmsTLij. FsmnsFsLid,
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saSx m sLi,T |qsLiL`i4

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@{ m sR s FyLiR Li x m s s Li][
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sL<SV mx sRVRVyLiVV. VR yLRiLi sLRiNRPV
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R W L R i V, NR P R x m s [ s N]s
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LigS[ s WR Li F~T
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LSR V{ q s s V, N][ r y L i R [ NR P d s x q s
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kLi][ sVVR NRPsVsV LRixyLji[
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szmss[zqsLij. @lgi[ LRiVxms[sW
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LRiLigSlLiT , ssLiL`i 4 :gRiLjiVV, LiRNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs sVLiRVV,
FztsQNS LSs xmsVR*Li DRLigS @LiR[xqsVLiRs sVVsVLi
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gR i Lj i VV LiT x q sLj i gS s NR P F s R Li][ bPaR P V s VLR i V ][ V
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FsRLi s [ xmsxqss xqssVRW[ sVLRiV LRiVgRiVRVyRVyLRiV. LRi`[
xms sLiVV sVLij s}qs 50 sVLij bPaRPV sVLRiV sVLRixqsVyLRis.. @[
sVs LSxts QLi[ A xqsLi 49 @s FyLRiV. BNRP gRiLjiV[ xms ORPQ sVLijNTP
212 sVLij RsFRVyLRis.. C xqsLi sVs LSxts QLi[ 113gS DLiRyLRiV.
bPaRPV, gRiLjiV sVLRisV RgjiLi[LiRVZNP[ C xmsRNRPLi dxqsVNRPVsxqsVsV
FyLRiV. gRiLjiNRPV FztsQNSLRiLi @LijLiys D[aRPLi][ BLijLRisV
@sVX RxxqsLi xmss[aPR #|mssVyLRiV. C xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR FsNRPVs bPaRPV/gRiLRi
sVLRiV ][V [xqsVNRPVLiVs FyLiysV gRiVLjiL i, @NRPR y xqsLisV
Rgij rys Vs FyLRiV. LRiW.100N][ ][ 102 H{qsUFsqs ZNP[Liy[ @sVXR xxqsLi
mx sRNRPLi @sVV [R VsVsV ssLjiLiyLRiV. kss 2 ORPQ sVLij LiRNRPV,
1.50 ORPQ sVLij gRiLjiVNRPV [NPR WLRiVRVLiRs FyLRiV. 102 ZNP[Liy[
@sVV [xqsVs C xmsRNSs RLS*R sxqsQXRLi [rys VyLRiV. C xmsRNRPLi
NTPLiR LiRNRPV, gRiLjiVNRPV INRPxmsp DR [ sLi @LiR[R VsVsV
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. @lgi[, yLjiNTP @sxqsLRi\sVs sVLiRVsV DRLigS xqsLRixmnsLS
[rys Vs FyLRiV. [ AL][giR LRiLigSsNTP sR VV |msLiRVRVy sVs
sVVsVLi FyLRiV.
gRiRLi[ ZNP[s Li LRiW. 180 N][ V DLi[.. LRiW.326 N][ NRPV |msLiysVs
FyLRiV. AxqsRV sLids @sVxqsLiysLi [xqsVysVs FyLRiV.
As\s[ AxqsRV[ s sVLiRV xqssWyLRiLi VxqsVN][s Rs, Ry*LS
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[sV][, RNRPVs LRiVso][ Ds bPaRPVsoNRPV NTPR= [}qsLiRVNRPV LSxts QLi[
ZNP[s Li 200 xmsRNRPV sWRs[V DyRVs {qsFsLi FyLRiV. A xqsLisV

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LigSR Li[ @{ m sR s
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NRPVLRiVxqsVyLiVV. kLi][ xmsV RV
FyLiyV sVRVsVRWLiVV.
LRixyLRiVV ds sVVsgSLiVV.
dsLiNRPLi[ 9 |qsLi dsVLRi
sL<iR FyRLi ssW\sV @j NSLRiVV
FyLRiV. sVL][\sxmso HRV [s
FyhRiaSNRPV xmsVR*Li |qsso
x m sNR P Li @ j NSLR i V s V
@xmssVRL i [zqsLij.

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m\T |P]: eT+ dT

LRiLigSlLiT yLiRWLRiV[ Ljigjis BLijLRisV [ xmsxqsLigjixqsVs sVVsVLi NTPLRi NRPVsWL`i lLiT . RLi[ sVLiRVV xqsy
BLiylLiT , xmsry` LSso , xqsVdsy OSQQlLiT , $R L`iV RjRLRiVV
800 xmsRNRPNRPV |msLiRVRVysVs xmsNRPLiyLRiV. BLiRVN][xqsLi LRiW.30 N][ V
sxqsVysVs FyLRiV. @R VyRs mx sLjiNRPLSV, @s rNRPLSsV qx ssVNRPWLRiVx
qsVysVs FyLRiV. BNRP AxqsNTP s[ RVNRPV FztsQNSLRiLi N][xqsLi
LRiW.50, NRPWd NTPLiR LRiW.100 LiRsVsV FyLRiV. xms xqsxNSLRiLi][s[
xmsRNS @sVV [xqsVysVs, sVz xqsxNSLRiLi [s[ G xmsRNRPLi

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gRiVTyR, ssLiL`i 4 :gRiVTyR FssR r~RV NSRs, y @ r~R s
sVRV NRPXxts Q Bs [zqss ysV rysNRP FssV[ N]y ys
zmsN]LRiV. gRiVTyR FssR r~Rs[j ss[V sLiR LiVVrys Vs }msL]yLRiV.
RV [LiR V @RVxmso[ |msVN][ys xqsWLiyLRiV. AyRV Rs RLiT
Fsds AL`iNRPV ][xLi [zqss yLji BLiZNP NRPXxts Q sWRRLi yNRPLRisVs
FyLRiV. gRiVTyR[ ys[ F [rys s, NRPXxts QNPR V RsVVLi[ RssV
JTLiys xqsy szqsLSLRiV. ysV lgisNRPF[ C LSxtsQLi sT
sFysyLRiV. RLiRV, ARVs sLi Ds s[R Liy s[VNRP ss
xmsoVs.. C sxtsQRVLi R*LRi[s[ RVNRPV VxqsVLiRyLRiV. ys
sVLigRiyLRiLi gRiVTyR[ dsVTRW][ sWyLRiV. V\|ms ysV sWTLij
NSLRiVNRPWR\[.. AyRV Fsds AL`i\|ms RLiRV sWTLij NSLRiVNRPWR[y?

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saSxmsLi,T|qsLiL`i4: [
l L i s s W Lj i NSL R i VV gR i Li\ s
s s LR i Li\ | ms s FyR WV
sQQNPR s VsoRVyLiVV. xqsVsWLRiV 233
gS s W s W m s s V gR i LiR V
@RWRW? D[aRPxmspLRi*NRPLigSs[
gRiLiRV [aSLRisj xmsaRPgS sVgjiLij.
yN][xqsLi @s ryLiVV[ xmsRVyV
[ a S s Vs l L i s s W s L S V
VRVyLiVV. @LiVVsxmsNUP FsLi
x m s W s Li [ N R P FLiVVLij . C
RLRiVLi[ dsV }qsy ZNP[LiysV
GLSVc [R VRLi, y y*LS ssR
lLissW xmsyV Lki [}qsLiRVNRPV
xms VR*Li RLRiV [xms Lij. sVVRL i

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@s xmsbPLiyLRiV. NTP DsLiR NSLi RLiRV ][s FsLiRgRiRVRWs[

DLiss xqsxts Q iLi[aSLRiV. RssV FyLik sVLi RVNRPV lgiLis[aSLRis, G][
INRP L][ RVNRPV NRPWy C xmsLjizqs FsRVLRiVNSRyLRiV. RsNRPV
yLjiLig`i Bs*RLi xqsLigRi xmsNRPs |ms NRPXxts Q @xmssVRL igS DLiys
xqsWLiyLRiV. gRiVTyR INRPxmsVRV Fsds AL`i r~RV NSs, BxmsVRV sWRLi
NSRyLRiV. sWNRPsLiR xmsV FssLjis ARLji}qs yLji r~RV @yLRiV. s[
FssNRP[ ysV BNRPT sVLi F [rys s, NRPXxts Q F [zqsy Lji[
DLiss [FyLRiV. INRPs[ RV [[ ysV JTF[ LSuys
sT sFyss xqsy [aSLRiV. s[ FssNRP[ \sFsry=L`i {qs{ms[ xmsn Vs
sRVsVs ys k sW sQQNPR L i [aSLRiV.

sRVsLiRLi NSRyLRiV. yLiRWLRiV][ RsNRPV @sys xqsLiLiR Li DLiRs,

sVVsVLigS R RV [xms s RLS*R ] xmsLRis BNRP[ [aSss,
BxmsVRV @sVXR xxqsLi xmsRNSs BNRPT sVLi[ FyLRiLixqsVyss FyLRiV.
RsNRPV ssV BLiRVV LSNRPVLiy.. C NSLRiNRPsVLi sRVsLiRLigS
sVVLiRVNRPV rygSs ARVs ANSLiOTPQLiyLRiV.

|\ RLS`, T|qsLiL`i4: zmsn sLji 14s[j [xmso LSxts QLi[s @s

xqsxNSLRixqsLixqs NRPV FssNRPV xmspLji [rys Vs xqsxNRPLS aS sVLi NSxqsV
sLiNRPNRPXuylLiT FyLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi xqsyRV[ dsVTRW][
sWRVRW C FssNRPV LRiVxmsRLi s xqsxNSLRi LRiLigRiLi [}msRLi
NSsRs[V NSNRPVLiy l\LiRV N][xqsLi xms VR*Li xmss[aPR |ms [ xmsRNSV sVLjiLiR
[LiR Vs NSgRisyLRiV. Cs 10s FssNRPNRPV xqsLiLijLis xmsNTPRV
FyLRiLi sVsoRVLiRyLRiV. FyR sVNRP, LSxts Q ryLiVV FssNRPV xmspLji
[rysVyLRiV. C FssNRP[ 40ORPQ sVLij RsV JV xNRPVsV
ssWgjiLiRVN][ [R VyLRis FyLRiV. 1995 c2005 sLRiNRPV xqsxNSLRi
FssNRPV LRiVgRi[R s LSxts QLi[ NSLilgiqs xms VR*Li ss RLRiVyR
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s[VLRiNRPV xqsxNSLRi LRiLigSs xmszts Q [R V[R VsV FyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV
gSsV BxmsZNP[ xms VR*Li sVgRiVLRiV sVLiRV][ NRPsV s[zqsLiRyLRiV.
C NRPsV BxmsNUP FsssVj sWLiR V [ @LiVVLiRyLRiV. LSxts QLi[ 2749
FyRsVNRP xqsxNSLRi r~\|qsV , 22 N][ AxmslLi[ LiNRPVV 22
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|\ N][LiR V dmsn zqs qsgS zmsyNTP RLiR|mnsWtsQ

|\ RLS`,T|qsLiL`i4 LSxts Q |\ N][LiR V xmsys yRVsVWLjig S
zqsqs zmsyNTP RLiR|mnsWtsQ sRVsVRVRWLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi \|N][LRiV
yyNRP xmsys yRVsVWLjig S sR VV sLRi*zxqsVs RLiR|mnsWtsQNPR V
xmspLjir y LiVV R RV @xmsgjixqsW xms VR*Li DRL iR V*V Lki [zqsLij.
gRiRN]LiRNSLigS ARVs yyNRP yRVsVWLjig S NRPsrygRiVRVyLRiV.

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sWLRiV, T|qsLiL`i4: NRPWLRiV sR gjiLjis VRV |\ msryNRPLigS RsFLiVV
mx sLjiqz s RV\|ms qx ssVgRi syLRi Ljimz s, qx sLiLij R yLji|\ ms NRPhjiRLRiV dqx sVN][ys
LSxts Q FyRsVNRP syaS sVLi . Z\ aPy` RViLiyLigSs
AbPLiyLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi rysNRP mz syNTPs @j gRiXx Li[ LSssysVxtsQs
sVLjiRVV syaSj NSLRiV][ Ljigjis qx sdsVOSQ qx ssWs[aPR Li[ sVLi sWRVRW
rsVyLRiLi NRPWLRiV sR gjiLji VRV\|ms Ljigjis x R Q|\ ms mx spLjir y LiVV[
Rgji s syLRi Ljimz sLi ysNTP R VQ\s yLji|\ ms Rmx sLRiLigS ZNP[qx sVV|ms
Rgjis bPORPQV mx s RWyyLRiV. . [ LSxts Q FyRsVNRP sysVxtsQs
mx sRNRPLi y*LS xms VR* FyhRiaS[ slLi b[ PLis LiVV=, sVLids qx sLRimx sn LS
sVLjiRVV NRPlLiLi xqsLRixmsn LSNRPV xqsLiLij iLi xmssVsV |msLiTiLig`i [NPR VLiy
mx spLjir y LiVV[ [mx s [ RWyyLRiV. FyhRiaS mz sNRPV @sVV[qx sVs
syLjiRWxmso NSLRiNRPsWs xqssVLRisLiRLigSsV xmsxtsQLigS @sVV
[RWyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi slLi[bPLRi sVLiR yLjigS xqsdsVOTPQLi
qx ssVLiR sLiRLigS sRVR [qz s sR V][ LRiV|ms qx sj*sWgRiLi @[V

RWyyLRiV. [ bPjsqx s [ sos FyhRiaS sysV gRiVLjiL i

]gjiLi[LiRVNRPV @sqx sLRi\sV RLRiV dqx sVN][yyLRiV. @lgi[ @xqsLixmspLjig S
sos sLS sysV R*LjiRgRis mx spLji[}qs RLRiV dqx sVN][yyLRiV.
xmsysLigS xms VR* FyhRiaS qx s sV ANRPsVNRPV gRiVLjiNSNRPVLiy mx sLRis[OPT QLi
Rgji x R VsV GLSV [}qsLiRVNRPV xms[NRP aRPR dqx sVN][ys @j NSLRiVsV
AbPLiyLRiV. xmsx Lik g][R [s FyhRiaSsV gRiVLjiL i Rgji s @LiRy][ NRPWT
xmsFyRssV mx sLizms, xmsx Lik g][R sV sLjiLi[ RWyyLRiV. TRV
Ds zmssV T[ [Lij Li[LiRVNRPV GLSV[zqs RVsV Fssl\Liy
FyLRiLiLiRNRPVLiy soLi[ @VsLi ys LRiR V [qz s s[lLi[ yLjiNTP ZNP[LiVVLi[
RLRiV dqx sVN][yyLRiV. FyhRiaS[ ssR xms VR* D][gSsV d[NPR VLiy
Lki [}qsLiRVNRPV Rgjis RLRiV dqx sVN][yyLRiV. Tmz sNRPV sVyx
[ s mx sRNRPLi qx sNRPsVLigS @sV[V RWyyLRiV. .sysXj N][qx sLi
xms VR*Li @sVV [qx sVs NSLRiNRPsWV qx ssVLiR sLiRLigS Ljilgi[ RLRiV
dqx sVN][yyLRiV.

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xmsNRPy, [aPR LiNRPy r~LiR xmsWy[ sVVsVs

xmsV LSNUPRV FyLik V sLiRRLi ss[ BxmsVRV RVWzmsFsNRPV
NRPzqs srLij. ygS sWRWs, sVVRVLizqsLig`iV
ARVRVs RRLRiLigRiLi NRPWy Blgi[ DLij. C lLiLiRV FyLik NRPV
xqs*xmsWy[ Rxms [aRP xmsWyV sVVLi NSRs
@LiR LRiLi [qx sVN][s RV. @LiRVZNP[ RVWzmsFsNRPV yRVNRPR*Li sz qx sVs
NSLilgiqs FyLik [ xms VR*LiQ|\ qs k sW DLij. xmsys sV[xs
NRPWy k sWs[ sQQNPR L i [aSLRiV. sVd Li` LRi sLRiN PR Li[
s[bPd xmsRQOPR Q |msVRV(Fsmsn UH)sV @sVsVLi[ @LiaRPLi\|ms
[N`Pxqs [ JLig`i][ NRPWTs RLRi LRigRisVs s[xmsRLi[
xqssWykFyLki, xsxqssWyk FyLki \sLji BLiNS
xmspLjig S xqsxts QLi NS[R V. A lLiLiRW sVaRPsV xqsLiZNP[yyLiVV.
sVL][\sxmso xms VR*Li sWRLi.. RsVNRPV Rgjis qx sLiLi DLiRs,
JLig`i[ sgRiVysVs ksW sQQNRPLi [zqsLij. [N`Pxqs[
sVLigRiyLRiLi RLRi FyLRiLisVRWNRP VRyLRiLi JLig`i
DLiVLij. G FyLik @sxqsLRis[VLi[ VxqsVNRPVs sVxqsVN][s RLi
NRPWy NSLilgiqs Fy{qsgS RsV @so][Lij. @LiRVZNP[ BxmsVRV
sVgS Rs mx ssysV [qx sVNRPVLiW F][Lij. @LiRVs Fsmsn THV
sVVRVNRPVs G @LiaRPLi dxqsVNRPVy @LisV sRVLi NSLilgiqs[
@soRVLij. LSxqs [ C s 6, 7 [k [ RLRi, JLig`i
DLiVLij. @LiVV[ RsV syys JLig`i xqssVRVLi[s[
sTrys Vs C lLiLiRV FyLik V xmsNRPLiyLiVV. xmsxqsVR Li 545
sVLij xqs VVs [N`Pxqs [ UFsLiZNP[(18) xqs xms Vy*sNTP
265 sVLij sVRRVLij. dFs{qsNTP [N`Pxqs[ 21 sVLij,
LSxqs[ 15 sVLij xqsVVyLRiV. xqssWyk FyLkiNTP
[N`Pxqs [ 22 sVLij, LSxqs [ HRVgRiVLRiV xqs VVyLRiV.
xqsVLiRLRiW JLig`i[ FyLi[ @LiRV[ gRiNRPysNTP
xmsVy*sNTP 273 sVLij sVRRV NSy. Fs{qs, dFs{qs
sVR }qs xms VR* Li 300 yVRVLij. LSxqs [ RVW{msG
Li RNRPVs. sVVRL i 244 sVLij xqs VNRPV gSsV RVW{msNRPV
94sVLij xqsVVyLRiV. xmsjsVLij ysVs[` xqsVV
xmsVy*sNTP @sVNRPWLigS JV s[VVRV. GRVgRiVLRiV
xqs*RLiRV[ sVVgiR VLRiV sVgRiVLRiV xms Vy*sNTP @sVNRPWLigS
JV s[VVRV. BNRPR NRPWy dFs{qs (15), Fs{qs(9)
ryRWs RVW{msG N][L]RV. s[bdP xmsRQORPQ |msVRV
@LiaRPLi\|ms FyLRisVLi[ xmsVy*sNTP sVRs*sVsV
xqsLiZNP[yxqsWs[... xmsxqsVR sysLi\|ms RsVNRPV N]s
@LiRLSVyRVs dFs{qs @RQORPVLSV sWRWs
FyLRiV. [aPR ALij NRP sXj NTP sVd Li` LRi sLRiN PR LRiLigRiLi[
s[bPd xmsRQOPR Q |msVRVV @sxqsLRisVs RsV FyLik sxqsVs V
AsV FyLRiV. ks AsV RsV r~LiR xmsWy N][xqsLi
sVR RVsV xmsNRPLiyLRisj xqsVxqsxts QLi. FyLiR sVLi[ C @LiaRPLi
JLig`iNRPV ssmx sVRV dFs{qs sLiR RWs sTrys Vs sVNRP
|ms y @RLiy I [s s @LiR Li [xqsVN][s RV. sLigSs[ AsV
Fsmsn THNRPV slLi[NPR sVLiVV DLi[ FyLik @FyRWs NRPVLiRR V
N] }msyLRiV. NSds @LRigRiNRPFsRLi ssNRP AsVNRPV [RV
xmsWyV BsVT DyLiVV. Fsmsn UH xmsxqsVR sysLi\|ms
RsVNRPV N]s @ LiRLSVyRVs, ys @sVV [}qs
sVVLiRV }msR, sVR RLRigRi sLS\|ms xms[ xmsys dsLigS
xmsLjibdPLiys TsWLi` [aSLRiV. xmsVR* D][gS
mx s][s RV[ Fs{qs=, Fs{qs sLSNRPV LjilLi[*tx sQs NRPLi[ LSLigRi
xqssLRi VsV R*LRigS AsWjLi[ xmsVR*LiQ\|ms IT
dxqsVN][ xmsRVRLi[ gRiLigSs[ Fsmsn UH\|ms sWRWs
yVyRVs sxqsVyLRiV. xms][s RV LSLigRi
xqssLRi VNRPV xms VR*Li NRPVT DLiRs.. dFs{qss sVLi
[qx sVNRPVs[ xmsRVRLi[ gRiLigS FyLiR sVLiLki ss LS sVLi
NRPsVy` FyLRiV. C VsV Fs{qs slLi[NTPrLij.
xqssWyk FyLki @js[R sVVRVLi zqsLig`i RWRs RsV
\sLji sTLiRysNTP sLSNRPLjiLiyLRiV. FsmnsUHsV s[VsVV
slLi[NPT rys Vs, xmsRVNRPVsj [N`Pxqs [ Vyss
sVVRVLi NRPWy s sVNRP |ms Axms< s J|mss |msLRiV.
Fs{qs, dFs{qsV \sLji xqsxts QLi [R VNRPFsRLi\|ms ysVxmsOSQV
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JLig`i ][s[ AgjiFRs, A syys DxmsxqsLixLjiLiRVNRPVs[Li
RsLRiNRPV dsR V[ FLSV N]srygjirys Vs xqsxts QLi[aSLiVV.
BNRP LigS FsLi{msV NRPWy |\ msNTP VxqsN]RVRVy @RLiy
DR[ @sj NRPWy xqsxts QLigS NRPszmsrLij. yLjis VgjiLi
yLjiNTP RVN][s RLi NSLilgiqsNRPV ss][ |ms s sR. G FyLik
@sxqsLRis[VLi[ VxqsVNRPVs sVxqsVN][sRLi NRPWy NSLilgiqs
Fy{qsgS RsV @so][Lij. @LiRVZNP[ BxmsVRV sVgS Rs
xmssysV [xqsVNRPVLiW F][Lij.

Aj`,T|qsLiL`i4: sWLRiVRVs xqsdsVNRPLRi s[xmsRLi[ [

U{ms @js[R RLiRVyRVVRV sxqsVy.. dsV N][xqsLi FyRRWR
sRVsLiRLi [}qsLiRVNRPV Tmz s s[R V NRPqx sLRiRV [qx sVyLRiV. ssW`[
s[LiVV NTP[sd VLiR \sVVLSLiVV yRRLi][ BxmsVRV sVL][ lLiLiRV L][[
INRP L][ AxqsLigS FyRRWR FyLRiLi sVso][Lij. C s 5NRPV RVVgS
6s xqsLRiNRPV [LRiVNRPVLiLij. sVVR L][ xqsLRi[ sLji L][
yxmspL`i[ zLRiLigRi xqssV sLRi*zLiRsVyLRiV. C lLiLiRV
NSLRiNRPsWV Ljilgi[ FsLi{ms LS][` LRis[Va`P Fys [xqsVNRPVyLRiV. xqsLRi
FssV[ s[Vg][FyyLji sWNRPsLiR Li NSsRLi, yxmspL`i RsLRi
xqsVsVs LS][` sWNRPsLRiLi NSsRLi][ FsLi{ms xmsVR][ DsV
VrLij. sVL][\sxmso Bs sVV][ sWNRPsLiR Li[ {qsNRPL`i yLiR
sV[x L`i, sVLi LSsVRLiRRVV mx sLRiLi mx sV @sXj NSLRiNRPsWV

[xmsLRiV. kLi][xqsLRi[ V ALRiLi RWR @RVL`i= @szmsLi LSNUPRVLigS

ysV s]NRPVN][ysj FsLi{ms ALSLigS DLij. C s 6 sVLi 13s
[k sLRiNRPV [s sVWRV sWsLSQ [ RLiRVyRVVRV FyRRWR
[mx ssVyLRiV. sVVRL i 8 L][[ 124 NTP[sd VLiR NRPV\|msgS RLiR VyRVVRV
FyRRWR sLRi*zryLRiV. ssW` [s sds}ms sVLiRLi[s
FsLiR gSsVLi sVLi C s 5 LS RLiRVyRVVRV FyRRWR xqsLRiNRPV
[LRiVNRPVLiVLij. xqsLRi[ LS xqs [zqs 6s DRRVLi xqsLRi @sVyLjiNTP
xmspV sLRi*zLis RLRiyR FyRRWR FyLRiLisVsoRVLij. xqsLRi[
sLRi*zLi[ zLRiLigRi xqs [ RLiRVyRVVRV xmsxqsLigjiryLiR V. @sLiRLRiLi
\sVxmspL`i, xqsLRi V Hc, RsNTP [LiR VNRPVLiVLij. 7s DRRVLi
RL][R, xqsLRixqs*dsgRiL`i, gSLi [LRiVNRPVLiVLij. [gSLi sVLi \LiryNRPV
[LiR VNRPVLiVLij. \Liry [ LS xqs [zqs 8s DRRVLi sV[gSLi, ysFyRV
[LiR VNRPVLiVLij. @NRPR sVLi NRPVLi sVLiRLi[s sWxmspL`i NSqsL][`,
NRPWLRiV, WLiR mx s, ALij QNSqsL][`, yN`Pxms, NRPVLiNSqs L][`NRPV [LiR VNRPVLiVLij.
NRPVLi NSqsL][`[ LS xqs [zqs 9s DRRVLi sLiRsNSqs, sLS=xmspL`i,
s{qsLS`, LSLixmspL`i, gRiVLiRxms, jyL`ixmspL`i Lixmso NSqs L][`NRPV
[LiR VNRPVLiVLij. 10s DRRVLi [Li, NS*RLiyNSqs, zqsLSxmspL`i NSqs,
NSqs, R[*RNSqsNRPV [LRiVNRPVLiVLij. R[*R NSqs RLRiVyR
sVLixmspL`i, sLRi xmsLi[s Cy_LRiry, LRiWLRiFdqs}qsxtsQs
[LRiVNRPVLiVLij. @NRPR sLRi*zLi[ zLRiLigRi xqs[ VsW RVyLRiV.
RLRiVyR sVLiLS NSqsL][`, aSLisgRiL`i_LRiry dsVRV gS sLiNRPxmspL`i
[LiR VNRPVLiVLij.sLiNRPxmspL`i[ LS xqs [zqs 11s DRRVLi @NSxmspL`i,
sWLSxmspL`i, ORPQ RLiy sVLiRLi[s N]Rs, s FyLRiLi[
xmsLRiryLRiV. RLRiVyR {msRLRi, RLSLRiLi, sVxmspL`i [LRiVNRPVLiVLij.
sVxmspL`i[ LS xqs [zqss RLRiVyR 12s ORPQ RLiy, N][Lij NRPNSqs
N][Lij NRP, sWsVR, FsNRPNSqs, yLiL`iFyLiV sR LS xqs [ryLiR V. 13s
DRRVLi jsVRVLji, FsNSxmspL`i, yxmspL`iNSqsL][`, yxmspL`i
[LRiVNRPVLiVLij. yxmspL][ sLRi*zLi[ zLRiLigRi xqsNRPV LkigS GLSV
[xqsVyLRiV. RLRiVyR RsNRPVLji dsVRVgS NRPLkiLisgRiL`i IVxmspLRiLi
[LiR VNRPVVLij.ssW` sVLi [ xmss[bPLi[ RLiRVyRVVRV
FyRRWR [s xmsV sVLiR dsVRVgS rygji NRPLkiLisgRiL`i NRPV
[LRiVNRPVLiVLij.

yTT<\T | +~seT

s<T dbsdT
RWLRiV,T|qsLiL`i4BLiRsLRiNRPV sLSLi sVVRV|mss BLijLRisV
BsV LRiRV [RWs @jNSLRiVV A[aSV Lki [aSLRiV. kLi][
yLRiLiL][VgS LSssgRiL`i[ yLiR V yLkigS B sLSLi [xmss yLji
ssLSsV }qsNRPLjixqsVyLRiV. xqsVsWLRiV lLiLiRVs[sVLij B yLRiV
LRiVysW ]LRiNRPFsRLi][ ys LRiRV [RWs gRiXxsLSaS
zqsLij xmsFyjxqsVyLRiV.xmspLji xqssWyLRiLi }qsNRPLji}qs BLi yLRiV BLiNS
y sVLi[ DLiLRis VRVyLRiV. s\sVs yLRiVV DsQ LiVV[
RsVsV NRP}qs B LRiR V NSNRPVLiy [qx sVN][s RVss gRiXx sLSaS qz sLij
VRVyLRiV. B sV @j NSLjiNRPLigS LRiR V [zqssVc xmsNRPLis RLRiVyR
@j NSLRiV sR NRPV sy xmsn RLi DLiRRs VRVyLRiV. kLi][ xmsLi[s
LSssgRiL`i[ xqsVsWLRiV lLiLiRV s[ BLijLRisV BsV LRiRV [RWs
gRiXxsLSaS @jNSLRiVV sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV. LSssgRiL`i NSds[
sLRiV}msRNRPV BLijLRisV xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR 294.75 FsNRPLSsV @jNSLRiVV
}qsNRPLjiLiyLRiV. sVWRV sRR[ sVVRL i 7002 sVLijNTP B xqs sV
ZNP[LiVVLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ yLRiV FsLizmsNRP[ LSNUPRV[NPR Li sVdsVLRiRLi,
N]LiRsVLij @jNSLRiVW yLjiNTP RsVsLiRV xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiRRLi][
@NRPsWV LSs[VLiVV.ysVLij yLRiVNRPV RsV BLixqs Li FsNRPR
DLi][ BLiRsLRiNRPV RVRV. @lgi[ xmsVsoLRiV yLRiV LRiVysW RVNRP
@j NSLRiVW RV xmsVNRPVLiVyLRiV. BLijLRisV B sLSLi s[giR sLiRLi
[LiVVLiRysNTP gRiXx sLSaS [xqsVs xmsRVyV xmsn LiRRLi [R V.
ksNTP ][RV zqssVLiV, BVNRP, BxqsVNRP, NRPLiNRPLRi, NRPWd RLRiV ANSaSsNTP
|msLjigjiFRWLiVV. BLijLRisV B sLSLi N][xqsLi Fs{qs=, Fs{qs NRPV LRiW.85
s[V, BRLRiVNRPV LRiW.55 s[V sVLiLRiV [xqsVy C r~sVV xmsoyRVV
sLjiLiRysNTP NRPWy yRLi [R V. @xmsV [zqs BV NRP [ rsVR [NPR y
sVLij B [NTP s RLi [R V. sVL][\sxmso sLSV xmspLji [LiVVLiys
gRiXxsLSaS zqsLijNTP @j NSLRiVV ORPQ Li sj xqsVyLRiV. yLRiV
B sR NRPV s sWy sLSsNTP yLRiV sVVLiRVNRPV LSsRLi [R V. C
s[xmsRLi[ yyxmso lLiLiRVs[ B sV LRiR V [R Ws sLiR LiVVLiyLRiV.

|qsyd >e |P] d<T bj\T

sVxWsgRiL`i, T|qsLiL`i4 : xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[Liy sLSs
xms VR*Li slLi b[ PLis NSxmsLjisV[}ms xmspLji [R Ws LSxts Q xmsosLSyxqs
aS NRPsVxtsQs L`i @j NSLRiVsV A[bPLiyLRiV. xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[Liy[ xms
sVV @sxqsLS\s ygRiVdsLRiV, sRV` rNRPLRiLi NRPLiys FyLRiV.
xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[Liy[ sLSV [xms[LiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs ds sxqs
NRPLiys gSdsV ygRiVds xqsLRixmnsLS @jNSLRiVsV A[bPLiyLRiV.
[yRWV, sV{qsRVV, RLji sLi sVR xmsLRi\sVs NRPy sLSs
xqs VNRPV @xmsgjiLiys xqsWLiyLRiV. gSsWs d [}qsLiRVNRPV sVWRV
s sVVLiRV xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[LiRLi[ B sLSLi xmspLRiL iVV DLiyyLRiV.
@s xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[Liy[ AL`i @Li` AL`i NRPsVcsV GLSVc [zqs
xmssV gRiry*sVVsV [R WyLRiV. xms VR* sRVsV sLiR ssV
@NRPsVLiRNRPVLiy xmssVV [ s, xmsosLSyxqs ZNP[Liys gRiVLjiL is sLis[
rysWNRP, ALij NRP xqslLi[* sLRi*zLiys FyLRiV. gSsVLi[s sLS
sVsV NTPLiys xqsWLiyLRiV. sLSsLids dsTW
dLiVVLiys FyLRiV. d sW FsFR xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR FsssVj xmsosLSyxqs
ZNP[LiyNRPV gSsV, sVWTLi[ sWRs[V rysWNRP, ALij NRP xqslLi[* xmspLRiL iVVLiRs
}msL]LiW, RNTPs y[ FysNTP NSLRisV @j NSLRiVsV @Tgji
VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. sV\ss rysWgji @xmsxLRiNRPV gRiVLji NSNRPVLiy Fdqs sxmsn W
GLSV [R Ws xqsWLiyLRiV.

ZNP[LiR sVLiRVV dsLRixms sVLiVVd , @` zqsLig`iV FyLiR sVLiNRPV LRisoRVs RXaRPLi.

dT e|j >&\qT &e m<Ts=>\ <!

gRiVLiWLRiV,T|qsLiL`i4 y RLi NTPLiR
BxqsVNRP Lki`NRPV xmsLjiV Lki [}qs @j NSLSs
y*sW {msUNTP @xmsgjixqsW xms VR*Li DRL iR V*V
Lki [zqsLij. BNRP|\ ms |msR BxqsVNRP Lki` s[Li
FyV, xmsLjiVc Lki [RVRLi sLi
xmssVds A xqsLixqs RWxqsVN][y= DLiVLij.
G RLRiT sWzmsn RW BNRPR xts Q s[qz s BxqsVNRPsV
N]g]RV][Lij. C s[xmsRLi[ BxqsVNRP
NS*Lk i LiVVLig`i s s LS\ | ms @LiR gS
@sgSxs [s y*sW sWzmsn RW AgRiysV
G sR LigS FsRVL]LiVLiRs[j xmsaSQLiR NRPLigS
sWLjiLij. kLi][ BxqsVNRP sWzmsn RW AgRiysV
y*sW FsRVL][gRiy @s @sVsWyV
@xmsV[ sVVRRWLiVV. sVL][\sxmso
dsRWsWs xqsLixqs\|ms RR LRiLi
|msLRiVgRiV][Lij. gSdsV DFyj dsV
NSLRiNRPsVLi BxmsZNP[ A aSNRPV sWRV[s

LRiLigS xmsLjisVLiRgS, ygS xqsLiNPT Qxts Q\sVs BxqsVNRP

xmsLji xmsLRis[ORPQ RR s [LjiLij. BNRP\|ms
[s |msR |msR BxqsVNRP Lki` xmsLRis[OPR Q y*sW
AksLi[s[ N]srygRisVLiRLi][ A xqsLixqs Bs
RRsV xqssVLRisLiRLigS sVNRPVLSgRi][,
[][s s qx sLi[ V RRV][yLiVV. yVlgi[ NTPRLi
sLRiNRPV y*sW\|ms |msR gS R RV DLi[s NSso.
@xqsV A xqsLixqs @s[j INRP gSdsVsXj aS NTPLiR
Dsy @s @sVsWyV NRPlgi[s. y*sW FyNPR V
\lLiNPR L`i Fxqs VsV NRPWy Wms\sgS sLi[ yLRiV.
d s NR P VLiV, WsV @ s X j s Li s
NSLRiNRPsWsV sWRs[V A xqsLixqs xmsLRis[OPT QxqsVLi[j .
@Lij DFyj dsV NSLRiNRPsVLi @sVV[NTP
ss RLS*R y*sW NUPNRP xqsLixqs gS sWLjiLij.
DFyj dsVs @sVV [}qs [R Gds= y*sW
NSsRLi][ G sLiR N][ sR VV ys y*LS
@sXj NTP LRiV [R W=s xmsLjizqs DLij. gRiR

N]s[ gS DFyj dsV @sVV[ LSxts QLi[ ssNRP

sVLi sVWRV ryy[s[ sVrLij. @LiRNRPV sVLi
xmsoL][gRi GsWRLi NRPszmsLiRRLi [RV.}msLRiVNRPV s[
sVLij D][gRiVV xmss [ry xmssVV sWRLi
AbPLisLiR s[giR sLiRLigS LRigRiRLi [R V. ryOSQQRV
DFyj dsVaS sVLi ]NS sWNRPsLRixmsry`
NRPV LijsylLi[ @LiVVy ys xmssdLRiV[ sWRLi
xmsoL][gRi [Rs AL][xmsV DyLiVV. [
DFyj dsV NTPLiR |msR gS xmssVV LRigRis xmsLjizqs
s[ NUP N]srygRiV][Lij. C s[xmsRLi[ {msn @zqs|qsLi
xmssdLRiV AaSsNRPLigS [R s, Bs[ 250NTP |\ msgS
D][gRiVsV sR V sVLi Rmz sLiyLRiV. NRPNPR L`i
RLRiRVgS C aS xqsdsVORPQV sLRi*zxqsW sR VV LRiV
[RW=LijgS A[aSV Lki [xqsVyLRiV. C
s[xmsRLi[ N]RgS ss RRsV y*sW
xqsNRPsVLigS sLRi*zxqsVLiy @s @sVsWyV
NRPVgRiVRVyLiVV.

$T]<s \ | sT>T<\ >T+sT es{

gRiVLiWLRiV,T|qsLiL`i4 sVLjiRLRi][ gRiVLiWLRiV sWlLi RWLRiV
NRPNRPRV][Lij. RWLiR V[ NTP*Li R LRi LRiW.8,600 NRPV [Lij Lij. sL][
sVLi RaRPyLkigS R LRi |msLRiVgRiV][Lij. sWlLi[R LRi ExmsLiRVN][s RLi][
N][ rlLi[[ Ds s*V NRPsVLigS RVNRPV sxqsVyLiVV. xqsxLigS
sVLji sWlLi ssLiL`i sVLi zmsn sLji sLRiNRPV sVLiRN]TgS DLiVLij.
C xqssVRVLi[ Lkimsn sVLji xmsLi\|ms DLiVLij. A xqsLRiVNRPV NRP[ ALjis
RLS*R sWLji[ sWlLi[NPT sxqsVLij. xmsxqsVR Li R LRi |msLRigRiLi][ RWLiR V[
y[sd V NRPWy @[ry LiVV[ |msLjigSLiVV. dsLi RVFys xmssLi xmsL][OPR QLigS
xmsxqsVR sWlLi\|ms xmssLi RWzmsLij. @LiVV[ C R LRi sNRPRgS DLi[
@sNSaSV [s s NRPdsVxtsQs yFyLRiVV FyLRiV. @LiRLSdRV sWlLi[
LigS[a`P, sV[ztsQR W, BLi][s[ztsQR W, \yNRPV FsgRiVsVRVNRPV @sNSaSV
DyLiVV. @LiRVss sWlLi sRVRVLiRs @j NSLRiVV VRVyLRiV.
xmsxqsVR Li RWLiR V[ @s LRiNS sVLji R LRiV |msLjigSLiVV. @LiRLSdRV
sWlLi[ FsgRiVsVNTP DxmsWgRixms[ [ @s[ sVLji LRiNSsZNP[ xmsxqsVRLi
RLRiV |msLjigSRVs yFyLRiVV @LiVyLRiV. C Gyj rygRiV s{qsLRiLi

Rgij ,Dsj NSry dsLi RVFysV ss sVLji xmsLi xmspLjig S Lij.

s{qsLiR Li RgiR Li][ ys xmssLi C Gyj sWlLi\|ms DLiVLiRs @LiRLRiW
Ez LiyLRiV. @sVNRPVsVgSs[ gRiVLiWLRiV RWLiR V[ @sq{ ss[ R LRi |msLjigjiLij.
sWlLi[ sVLji @sVNSV Gzms, s[V[ ExmsLiRVNRPVLiLiVV. xqsxLigS
ssLiL`i, T|qsLiL`i[ FyR s*V N][ rlLi[ sVLi sWlLi[NPT
sqx sVLiLiVV. qx sx LigS qx sLRiVNRPV l\LiRV sR DsxmsVRV RNRPVs R LRi N]srygRiVRVLi
j. yFyLRiV sR NRPV [Lij s sLis[ ssryRV DRRV R LRiV s[giR LigS
ExmsLiRVNRPVLiLiVV. FsgRiVsV yLRiVV, As\s [R LiR V gRi[yj N]sVg][V [qz s
N][ rlLi[[ |ms s qx sLRiVNRPVNRPV xmsxqsVR Li sVLi R LRi sLij. gRiVLiWLRiV sWlLi
RWLiR V[ NTP*Li LRiW.8,600 NRPV [Lij Lij.C Gyj sVLji rygRiV s{qsLiR Li][ FyVc
DR gRidsRVLigS Rgij Lij. [ gRi[yj NRPLi[ qx sVsWLRiV 25 s[ sVLi
30 s[ FsNRPLS[ rygRiV Rgij Lij. dsLi RVFys ss mx sLi gS sLij.
sLRi=LSso}ms, gRiVLiWLRiV Tss [ dsLi[ s sVLji |\ msLRiVsV N]LiRsVLij
m{ sZNP[aSLRiV. xmsysWRV mx sLiV s[qx sVN][s RLi sVLiRs ssryRV aSxqsQs[R V
qx sWLiRRLi][ ksNTP @sVgRiVLigS l\LiRVV ssx Lij LiyLRiV.

n*$ e\\ #|\ y

NRPRxms,T|qsLiL`i4: [xms |msLixmsNRP ORPQ Li dsLRiVgSLjiF][Lij. rsVbP

FV [ [xms s[rygjiLi[ LiR NRPV @s[NPR sVLijNTP \|qssV=V
[s o. xqsgRiLi sVLij rysNRPVV NSLRiV. \sg`i, sRVsgRiLRiLi, NSNTPyR,
RVs RjRLRi FyLiy sVLi BNRPTNTP s rysNRPVVgS RxmsVRV
@Rqs ][ \|qssV= N][xqsLi RLRixqsVV NRPWy[xqsVNRPVsV zqsLij.
ILisV, sLiRWLRiV sVLiR[s NRPVRsVWLRiV, FyRsWRsLRiLi,
[RVsxms, sxmsolLiTxms, N][xmsoLRiLi, F~Rzms, VRVgRiVLixms,
N]LiRsWRVxms , |mss}msLRiWLRiV gSsW xmsLjij [s rsVbP FVc
[ xqsVsWLRiV 300 sVLij LRiV @s s][ [xmss[
rygjixqsVs Vc VrLij. dsLRiV xms L][ 30 sVLi 40 yNS @s
ssV N`PyL`i[ jLi sQQ\|qs [xmszmssV \|qsRLi
s[RVRVyLRiV. C @s s][ [xmss[sV xms VR*Li s}tsQj Liy
rsVbP FyLiRLi[ @sVV NSsRLi [R V.N`PyL`i As IR Vs
C @NRPsV s[ @j NRPLigS rygRiVRVsV VrLij.rsVbP ssVNRP[
sVR=Q xqsLixmsRsV @sXj [R Ws[ ORPQ Li][ @j NSLRiVV xms VR*
sR VsV sLi xms G [xms zmssV sRVVyLRiV. Bs |msLjigji
|msR |\ qsNRPV syNRP sWRs[V s s][ rysNRP sVR=QNSLRiVV
s[T ssLi rygjiLiy. @LiVV[ RLRiVV xms VR* sLiR sNRPV
sLRiVR LigS @s s y*LS |\ qsNRPVLSs [mx s mz s][ FyV sQQ|\ qs
[xmssV NRPWy ][[xqsVyLRiV. kLi][ @s sNRPV NTPs [xmszmssV
IR Vs FsLiR RLS*R ry [ sLixmsoyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi xmsoV, A[V,
LkiV, A*s yxy [ FsLiRV [xmssV [R V[zqs @NRPsVLigS
sWlLiNRPV RLRixqsVyLRiV. @lgi[ sVLjiN]s LRiNS\s [xmszmssV
HqsNRPV=[ RxmsLji RWLRi FyLiyNRPV LRiy [xqsVyLRiV. B
xmsxmsgRi[ FsLiRV [xmssV @NRPsV LRiy [xqsW RLRiVV ORPQj
LRiWFyRVV r~sVV [xqsVNRPVLiVcyLRis[ AL][ xmsVyLiVV.

\|qs Axms< s ssWRV sVVgjiLixmso

\|RLS`,T|qsLiL`i4: \|qsc2012 y*LS sAxm<ss ssWRV
sVLigRiyLRiLi sVVgjizqsLij. ]VR xmsNRPLis xmsNSLRiLi Cs 2s [k
AjyLRiLi][ sAxms< s ssWRV gRiRVso sVVgjizqsLij. syLiR V sVLi xqsLiRs
RNRPVsgS DsLiRVs Axms< s ssWRVsV sVLigRiyLRiLi sLRiNRPW F~TgjiLiyLRiV.
sVL][xmsNRP...FyRsVNRP syaS sVLigRiyLRiLi 38 |\ ms#s[ UCU NRPaS[
s[ sy xqsLisR=LRiLi sVLid RLRigRiRVsV FyLRiLiLi[LiRVNRPV
@sVsVRVsV Lki [RVRLi gRisVyL>RiLi. ds[ xmss[aSsV sVsRR
N_s=Lig`i y*LS NRPLiRsVyLRiV.

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NRPRxms,T|qsLiL`i4NRPRxms [ rygRiVds
s s LR i VV NR P }qs x q sx q saS s VLi
@soRVLiRs xqsLiNRPLi][ FyLRiLiLis
FyNRPV xmssVV sRsRNRPs[ rygRiVRVyLiVV.
BxmsZNP[ xmsVsWLiR V y gRiRVso NRPWy |msLiy
xmspLji NS[R V. gS[LiR VsgRiLji FyNPR V sVVR RaRP
mx ssVsV LRiW.5,982 N][ ][ [mx sT[ Bxms sLRiNRPV
LRiW.4,187 N][ xmssVV [xmsLRiV. xqsVsWLRiV 70
aSRLisWRs[V xmssVV xmspLji @RWLiVV. C
FyNRPV[ @LiRLSgRi\sVs gRiLiTN][ s
BLiNS xmspLji NS[RV. C FyNRPV sVLi
xmsosLiRV FyLiysNTP dss @LijLi[LiRVNRPV
[xmss mns BLjilgi[xtsQs xmssVV xmspLji NS[RV.
gRiLiTN][ aRPRWsNTP gRiRsoV sjxqsVylLi[
Rxms dsLRiV sLij [R V. lLiLiRs RaRP xmssVV
@LiVV[ FyLRiLisZNP[ xmsLjisVRsVRWLiVV.
2,189 N][ ][ 14 FyZNP[V [xms s C xmssVV
N]s FyZNP[V sVVR\y xmssVV sWRLi
LR i gR i [ R V.NR P R x m s [ 903 N][ ][ 7
FyZNP[ Vy INR P FyZNP[ [ NR P Wy
FyLRiLisNTP sVLi |msR gS Ljigjis xmssVV GdsV

[s o. lLiLi][ RaRP mx ssVV mx spLji NSyLi[ 15081

|N S QL R i @d s W s VV s V ry* k s Li
[xqsVN][y= Dy A xmsNTPRV FsxmsNTP xmspLji
@soRVLi][ RVRV. BNRP VgRiVgRiLigRi
sxtsQR WsN]}qs OSQ 67 s[ FsNRPLSNRPV dsLji[
xqsLiNRPLi][ [xms s C xmssVV xqsVsWLRiV 30
G gRiRVxqsVy BxmsNUP xmspLji ryLiVV[
dsLRiLijLi[ xmsLjizqs [R V. FsRsV NSVs xmssVV
BLiNS xmspLji NS[R V.
x m so sLiR V FyLiysNT P rygR i Vd s LR i V
@LijLi[LiRVNRPV |\ msTFyLi LjiLS*RVL`i mx ssVV
750 N][ ][ [xmsLRiV.C msn BLjilgi[xtsQs xmssVV
xmspLRiLiVVy LjiLS*RVL`i xmssVV BLiNS 20
aSRLi sVgji[ DyLiVV. {qsdAL`i msn BLjilgi[xtsQs
15 sLiR N][ ][ [xms 90 aSRLi xmssVV
xmspLji [aSLRiV. @LiVV[ gRiLiTN][ sVLi
dsLRiLijLi[ xmsLjizqs Bxms[ NSsLS[R V. {msd{qs
AR VdsNRPLRi xmssVV LRiW.250 N][ ][ [xmsLRiV.
Bs 70 aSRLi xmspLRiL iVV AgjiFRWLiVV. sVgRiV
FyNRPVNRPV NRPXuy dsLRiV xLikc dsy y*LS
dsLRiLijLi[LiRVNRPV @xms[ sVV sVLi

xmsNRPs [aSLRiV. ksNTP LiRLRiV zmsy A RLS*R

xmsoL][giR [R V. LRi&VLjiN][s NRPVT, FsRsV NS* sLSLi
NRPWy xqslLi[*NTP xmsLjisVR sVLiVVj. FyNPR V B FsNRPR
s[zqss g]LigRi @NRP[ @s RLiRLigS sFRWLiVV.
450 N][][ LS[ AsNRP xmssVV [xms[LiRVNRPV
aRPLiNRPVryxmss [zqss @j sFLiVVLij. F~RVWLRiV
xqsdsVxmsLi[ 72 N][ ][ [xms s sLRiRNS* xmssVV s
FRWLiVV. \sFsqs @sLiRLRiLi C sVW[[
@ s X j s x m s LiR VNR P V s yV [ s s
ssVLRi+VyLiVV. FssNRP xqssVRVLi[ sWRs[V
NRPV ss sVVsVLi NTPLRiNRPVsWL`i lLiT BNRPT
FyNPR VV xmspLji [R VRLi y R R @s zmsy
xms[NRP ]LRis RWzmss y NRPsLiR[RV. \|msgS
g]Li LiR VR V s LSR V][ s WNR P s L S sNT P
@Liy=s LRi&VLjiN][s dss NRPWy NTPLRiNRPVsWL`ilLiT Rs
r~LiR s WNR P s L S sNT P s V LiR R Li
syyxqsRsVLiVVLij. [ sVVgiR VLRiV sVLiRVV,
NSs x[y[ 20 xqsWy @sVV NRPsVc
\LRisgS sVL][ s[R Dy @sXj xmssVV, |msLiTLig`i
FyNPR VV, xmsLjiaRPsVV xmspLRi[VLiRVNRPV xms[NRP ]LRis
RWxmsRLi [R s ssVLRi+V DyLiVV.

NR P Lk i Li s gR i L`i,T |qsLiL`i4: x m s s VNR P V

xqsLiLij Li xmsNRPV xmspLji NSNRPFsRLi][
sWLji sLRiV sLRiNRPV NRPWdNRPV Fs 150
L][ xmss jyV NRPryLiR s[ @sVsWyV
sQQNPR L i @soRVyLiVV. DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi
xmsNRP[s[ sVgiR VRVsj. HRV sWryVgS
qx sLiLij R aS @j NSLRiVV, qz s Lij [qx sVs
xmsNRPV FsRgRiRLi [R V. kLi][ xmssVV
[NPR NRPWdV @RVRVyLRiV. C RRLigRiLi
sVVgji}qs yNTP sVL][ s L][V xms[
@sNSaSVyRVs VxqsVsj. sWLji
sLRiV sLRiNRPV NRPWdNRPV sLiR xmss jyV
NRPLiRRLi NRPxts Qs[V. LRi` sLRi @RWs
xmsRNRPLi[ gRiLigS [ sLiRNRPV sLiR
aSRLi sVLRiVgRiV]RV sLjiLi xqsLixmspLRi
FyLjiaRPVR gS dLjij L[ iRVNRPV @j NSLRi
RVLiyLigRiLi $NSLRiLi RVLij. @LiRV[

gRiLigS 7 ORPQ 51 B NRPV s xqslLi[* [aSLRiV. BLiRV[

3 ORPQ 18 s[ B NRPV sVLRiVgRiV]R V [s s gRiVLjiL iyLRiV.
Bxms sLRiNRPV IN][ sVLRiVgRiV]T sLSsNTP yLRiVT
y][ NRPVxmsoNRPVs 9,100 LRiWFyRVV xqsVLiRgS
@LiRV[ gSdsV DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi y*LS 15 L][
mx ss jyV NRPxqsVyLRiV. sVLRiVgRiV]T sVLiLRiV F~Li[
yLRiVT }msLji NSLRiVsV Lki [zqs xmsss
ALRiLixqsVyLRiV. DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi zqsLij C
xmssV[s[ RsVVsNRPV NSsRLi][ xmsNRPV xmsNRPs
xmsyLiVV. kLi][ gSsW[ NRPWdNRPV xmssVV [NRP
BLiRVNRPV gRiVLRisoRVyLRiV. @NRPRNRPR ssryRV
xmssVV sRVxqsVy @LiRgS xmssVV ]LRiNRPRLi [Rs
NRPWdV yFRVyLRiV. sLji N][RsV lLi*xqsLRi][s[
N][LiVVxqsVyLRiV. @sXzts Q, @ysXzts Q NSLRiLigS xms
xmsLiNRPV sxts QLi yRLi][ xqsLjixmsy xmssVV ]LRiNRPRLi
[R V. DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi xmssV\|ms AaRPV |msVcNRPVLi[
@s xmsNRPV yNRP FsRLi][ yLjiNTP BLiRVV

RxmsRLi [R V .gSsV xqs V sLRi*zLiRNRPVLiys[

qz sLij N]R mx ssV N][qx sLi xmsNRPV [qx sVyLRiV.
IN][ gSsVLi[ lLiLiRV, sVWRV L][ FyVc
gSsVxqs V sLRi*zLi xmssVsV gRiVLjiL iy=s
zqsLij NSLSRWNRPV xmsLjisVRsVsoRVyLRis[
A L][xmsV sssxqsVyLiVV. sQQNPT g iR R sVLRiVgRiV]R
sLS xmssVV sVLiLRiV, g_LiTLig`i
[R VRLi[s[ RsVVsNRP\ xmsNRPsV xmsNRPs
LRiV. BjsLRiZNP[ xmsNRPV xmspLji [zqs xmssVsV
sVLiLRiV [zqs DFyj NRPWdNRPV xmssVV
NRPLiy= DLi[j . [ sL<Ss xmsLjizqs RVV
sN]s RXuy NRPWdNRPV sLiR xmssjyNRPV
RVV 150 xmss jyV NRPrys Vs xms VR*Li
dsV BLij. ssLiL`i sLRiV sLRiZNP[ xmssVsV
gRiVLjiLiys gSdsVsXj aS NRPsVxtsQsL`i
A[bPLiRgS Bxms sLRiNRPV NRPWy xmsNRPV xmspLji
NSNRPFsRLi gRisVyL>RiLi.

d+>sT \ d+ bs+ : d|m+

sVRN`P,T|qsLiL`i4: zqsLigRiWLRiV V sVRN`P ZNP[ RNSs {qs{msFsLi
LS[s FLSLi [qx sVLiRs qz s{msFsLi NSLRiRLji+ RVNS LSsVVV @yLRiV.
[ Ds C FyN`P y*LS BNRPT xmsNRPV ygRiV,rygRiV dsLRiV @Liys[
RsV syssVyLRiV. BNRPT l\LiRV F~N] LisgRiLSNRPV dsLRiV @LijLiRRLi
s BNRPT \lLiRVV BLiRVV xmsRVRVyLRis @yLRiV. sVWRVryLRiV
yxmsLigS FyRRWRV [zqs xmsVR*LiQ\|ms dsN][xqsLi IT
|msLiysVyLRiV. ssR xqssVxqs sxtsQRVLi[ xmsVR*Li Dy{qssLigS
ssxLjirLiRyLRiV. @s[NRP xqssVxqs\|ms xmsVy*sV sk}qsLiRVNRPV
zqs{msFsLi][ NRPzqs @sFyLik V NRPRLi ]NSs N][LSLRiV. {qs{msFsLi AR *LRiLi[
xmsxqssVxqs\|ms FyRRWRV sLRi*zLi T|qsLiL`i 10, 11 [k [
@j NSLRiVsV NRPzqs qx ssVxqs ysV @LiR[rys VyLRiV. NSLiNPR V
NSLjiNRPV NRPdsxqs s[R s RxqssLRi [xqsW sRVR [zqss [ @sVV NSsRLi
[R yLRiV. [ xqsVsWLRiV ORPQ sVLij NSLiNPR V NSLjiNRPVNRPV yRVLi
LRigRiRLi [R yLRiV. xms VR*Li, @j NSLRi RVLiyLigRiLi RWsWy][
NRPsVNRPLiVV [ @sVV NSdsRVRLi [R yLRiV. @LigRisyU sLRiLiR F~V
N] L[ iRVZNP[ sVyx [ sLi @ORPQR VFyRNRPV @xmsgjiqx sVyLRis ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
xqs*RLiR xqsLixqsgS xmsVNRPVLiVs C xqsLixqs ssNRP sVLiRV xxqsLi
DLiRyLRiV. xmsxqssVxqs\|ms FLST[ xmsVR*Li zqs{msFsLi NSLRiNRPLRi\|ms
ZNP[xqsVV |msRV][LiRyLRiV. LigS xqssVxqsNRPV xmsLjiuyLRiLi xmsNRPVLiy
NSLilgiqs FyLik xms sV [ ysV drLiRyLRiV. @sds NSLilgiqs
FysNRPV RLRisVgkiRLi FyyyLRiV. NSLjiNRP xqssVxqssV xmsV R*Li

xms LiRVN][s RLi [R s, yLjiNTP NRPdsxqs \sRLi NRPWy @LiRRLi [R y LRiV. FyNRPVV
xms xqssVxqssV xmsLiRVN][NRPVLiy yLji ry*LRiLi RWxqsVNRPVLiVyLRis
ssVLji+LiyLRiV. NSLilgiqs xms VR* xRWLi[ sVWhSNRPORPQV Rxms xmsxqssVV
yLjiNTP xmsRLi [R yLRiV. LSxts QLi[ GLRiTs LSNUPRV @sbPNTP xmsLjiuyLRiLi
RWxmsNRPVLiy xmssV @s[NPR BLiRV FyV [xqsVyLRis ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
LigS\|ms FyLiR sVLi[ V |ms JLig`i sLRi*z}qs xqssVxqs [FRVLi
R yLRiV.sVL][\sxmso LSNUPRV xqssVxqs N][xqsLi xmsxqssVxqssV xms LiRVN][NPR VLiy
][R Li RWRLi yLRiVsVyLRiV. |msLjigjis R LRiNRPV rysWsVT sRLi @R
NRPVRLi @so][LiRyLRiV. xmsxmsORPQ x[y[ Ds U{ms @R QOPR VRV RLiR
VyRVVRV Rs RWR[ ZNP[s Li BRLRi FyLik \|ms RWxtsQV [R VRLi\|ms
sWRs[V aRPR |msLRiyLRiV. \s{qs{ms NSLilgiqs FyLki yRVNRPVLSV xtsQLji
NSLilgiqssV, U{ms\|ms RLiRNRPLi RRsRLi, Rs @s gRis sVVsVLi
NSys xmsRLi Rxms xms xqssVxqssV FsNRPy xmsrysLiRRLi [R yLRiV.
BNRP AL`iFsqs @j s[R RLiRZaP[L`iLSso @s xqssVxqsNRPV LSxts Q s s INRP[
mx sLjiuyLRisVs xms qx ssVxqs\|ms xms Vy*s skRVRLi [R s ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
ygS xms V R*Li |msLis LRiW. 20s[ N][ sRV` xqsL`iyLik V NSLilgiqs
ssVNRP][s xqsxtsQLi [xqsVLiRyLRiV. LSxtsQLi[s 6ORPQ NSLiNRPV
D][gRiVNRPV yV Bs*[s RVzqs sN]LiRyLRiV. xmsNSB sLjirys Vs
xmsgRiV xmsNTPs NSLilgiqs xms VR*Li }msRNRPV gRiLi xqs Li NRPWy Bs*RLi
[R yLRiV. sVL][\sxmso s[bPd |msVRVsV LSxts QLi[NPT A*sLiRRLi y*LS
|msR FsRV s NSLjiNRPVV DFyj N][[[V xmssW RLi DLiRyLRiV.

LRiLigSlLiT yLiRWLRiV[ Ljigjis BLijLRisV [ sVVsVLi NTPLRi NRPVsWL`i lLiT ][ FssV[ sV}LiRL`i lLiT sWsVLi

u>T \ $j><sT\| sE 30\\ us+

Fyzqs N`P RRWLki yLRiVV, BxmsVy IxmsLiys gSN]j[aSLRiV. NS`, }msxmsL`i,
gRiVsV xmsNRPV sLjisgS @LiRVV[NTP dxqsVN][LiRVNRPV
|`FsLi{qs xmsNRPV zqsR Li [zqsLij. sgRiLRiLi[ L][NRPV ORPQ [ NSLki gRiV
ssWgRiLi LRiVgRiV][LiRs @LiRy. xmsysWRV NRPsLiR sV @LiRVV[NPT
dxqsVNRPVLSsysNTP F~RVxmso xqsLixmsn WsV LRiLigRiLi[NPT jLixmsoysVs @j NSLRiVV
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. 18 xqsLji [ Ds 38 s[ F~RVxmso xqsLixmsn W[ s 4.5 ORPQ
sVLij qx s VNRPV NS`, }msxmsL`i sLi gRiV RRWLki[ bPORPQ Bzmsrys Vs
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ @s[sd NSLRiLRiWxmsLi y[R V. 40 \sVNSs NRPy RNRPVs
sVLiRLi Ds gRiVsV RRWLRiV [zqs rysNRPLigS RV[RgS sWlLi
[xqsVyLRiV. N]LiRLRiV F~LRiVgRiV NRPW xmsLizms [xqsVyLRiV.NRPsLiR sV sWlLi[
s, sVR RLRigRi yFyLRiVV sLjisgS ssWgjixqsVy xms LiRVNRPVs[ y [
NRPLRiVsRWLRiV. NSLki gRiVNRPV xmsysWRVLigS NS`, }msxmsL`i,
gRiVsV sVz xqsLixmsn W xqsxNSLRiLi][ @LiRVVc[NPT dxqsVN]rys Vs
lgi[L`i @jNSLRiVV dsVs sVN][[RV. gRiRLiRLRiLi [s xmsLjizqs[
sgRiLRiyxqsVV Fyzqs N`P gRiVsV ssWgjixqsVyLRiV. LS[LiRsgRiL`i, NS[ys
RjRLRi FyLiy[ s Fyzqs N`P RVWs[ 40 \sVNSs NRPy RNRPVs sVLiRLi
Ds NSLki gRiV DR N]srygRiV][Lij. rysNRPLigS C NRPsLiR sV sWlLi
|\ RLS` ,T|qsLiL`i4: NRPWLRigSRVV sVVRV uyzmsLig`i sW= [R VRs[V NSNRPVLiy F~LRiVgRiV NRPW sxqsLij xqsVyLRiV. dss sRVLiLiy=s
sLRiNRPV FsNRPTNTP sBy C sVR NSLkigRiV\|ms NRPdsxqsLi HRV LRiWFyRVV NSVxtsQ sRVLiR sVLiR @j NSLRiVV RRWLki yLRiV][ [FyLiVVNSLki
sxqsWV [xqsVyLRiV. C sVVRL i L][NRPV NRPdsxqsLi 30 ORPQ sLRiNRPV DLiVLiRs IxmsLiyV NRPVRVLRiVNRPVLiVyLRis @sVsWyV DyLiVV.
@LiRy. HRV LRiWxmsRW[ NRPy @s sVsNRPVLiRRLi][ @jNSry yFyLRiVNRPV
sLRiLigS sWLjiLij. sVsgRiLRi FyNRP xqsLixqs FyzqsN`P\|ms sjLis ALiORPQV
NSL]lLi[ yFyLRi xqsLixqs NRPV sLRiLigS sWLSLiVV. xqsWxmsL`i sWlLi sVLi
uyzmsLig`i sW= sLRiNRPW @s xqsLixqs W 40 \sVNSs NRPy FsNRPVs sVLiRLi
sVLi,T|qsLiL`i4 [ 771 gSsVxmsLiyLiVVdV DLiRgS ZNP[s Li
Ds NSLki gRiVNRPV LRiW. 3 sVLi LRiW.5 ]xmsVs sxqsWV [xqsVyLiVV.
sVL][ \sxmso yFyLRi xqsLixqsV NSLki gRiV\|ms y xmsNRPsV 170 sVLij gSsV xmsLiyLiVVd NSLRiRLRi+V sWRs[V RRV
sVVjxqsVyLiVV. BLiRVNRPV |`FsLi{qs RLi xmsNSLRiLi xmsNRPs xmssV sLRi*zxqsVyLRiV. IN][ gSsVxmsLiyLiVVd NSLRiRLji+ @RsLigS sVL][ HRV
Liy. @LiVV[ ks\|ms @j NSLRiVV RXzts Q ryLjiLiRRLi[R V. s}tsQy V gSsVxmsLiyLiVVd RRV sLRi*zxqsVyLRiV. INRPryLji ss
NSL]lLi[ xqsLixqsNRPV NRPRLRiVsRWLiVV. ZNP[LiR xmsLSsLRi xqsLixqs gSsVxmsLiyRVdNTP sVL][ryLji sLi[.. yLRiLiL][V xmsRV][Lij. kLi][
xmsNRPLis [zmnsZNP[xtsQs[s @LiaSsV xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVNRPVs xms[NSj NSLRiV Fys @y*sLigS sWLjiLij. sR VV, R R[ sRLi
ssWgRiyLRiV sVLi NSLki gRiV\|ms 3 sVLi LRiW.5 ]xmsVs sxqsWV gS DLiRLi][ gSsW[ LS sR, xmsLRis NSLRiNRPsWV
[xqsW r~sVV [xqsVNRPVLiVyLiVV. ALiORPQV [s L][[ ssWgRiyLRiVNRPV NRPsVsVLRiVgRiRWLiVV. xms LiRVNRPVs[ jNRPV[NPR gSsW[ FyLjiaRPVR Li, ygRiVds
DRLigS NSLki gRiVV Bs NSL]lLi[ xqsLixqs V BxmsVRV xmsLSsLRi xqsLRixmsn LS sLRi*x @y*sLigS sWLSLiVV. gSsV xmsLiyRVd LjiNSLiR V sLRi*x
RLi }msLRiV zms [VNRPV VV |msRVRVyLiVV. C sR LigS L][NRPV sR s RNRPs rygRiV][Lij. BLi xmssVV, ds xmssVV, sX, yFyLRi xmssV
sgRiLRiLi[ 30 ORPQ sLRiNRPW ssWgRiyLRiVV sxtsQFRVsVsWlLi sxqsW @gjiFsRLi][ gSsV xmsLiyRVd y[ NRPdsxqs s*V NRPWy
sLS @LiRy. RW, F~WxtsQs NRPLi[ [LiR V sVR N]LRisTs [NRPVLiy FRWLiVV. FyLjiaRPVRLi [zmsLiRRLi][ xmsV L][gSLjis
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Gyj 40 \sVNSs NRPy RNRPVs sVLiRLi DLi[ FyzqsN`P\|ms s}tsQRLi mx sLiyRVd[ NUPNRPFyR. NSds.. [ gSsV mx sLiyRVdV sR VV, qz sLij
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LRiVxmsoRVsxmsNUP G sWRLi xmsWsLi [R V. s}tsQR Li sj Li xqsVsWLRiV xmsxqsVR Li xms[NSj NSLRiV Fys rygRiV][Lij. qz sLij RNRPVsgS DLiRRLi][
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DLi][ @LRiLi [xqsVN][sRV. Bxms sLRiNRPW dsLRiV [zqss yRVV FsLiR @xqsV rysNRP qx ssVxqs\|ms RXzts Q ryLjiLiR[NPR FRVyLRiV. sVL][\sxmso FyNRPsLSV
ysVsWRLigS DyRVLi[ .... sVVRL igS dsLRiV sj Lis |msyd LRiVxqsVLi [NPR FsRLi][ xmsLiyRVdNRPV sR V sRVR AgjiFLiVVLij. NRPdsxqs sLRi*x
LRiW. 10 ORPQV y[R V. Fyqz s N`P ssWgRiLi\|ms lgi[L`i @sWLiVV{tsQ NRPLRiV\sLij. LRiVNRPW r~sVVV [NRP @RVRVyLiVV. NUPNRP\sVs xmsLiyRVd
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sWLjiLij.xmsRNRPLi FyLRiLi #\sV yVlgi[ LiVVy INRP lLiLiRV FyLiy[ sVs
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syLiR VV @sxqs V xmsRVRVyLRiV. RVLigRiRVLji, xL`isgRiL`i, sWRVLRiV
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lLiLiRV sVWRV sVgS WsV

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sWT d , ssLiL`i 4 :s[bPd xmsRQOPR Q |msVRV (Fsmsn UH)NRPV slLi[NPR LigS
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BRLRi FyLik V NRPVN][s s saS*xqsLi sQQNPR L i [aSLRiV. "yLRiV Fsmsn UHsV
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NRPWy sLiR OSQQsNTP gRiVLRiso][Lij. [ mx sV @sXj mx sRNSV sFLiVV,
sRsRNRPs rygRiVRVLiRRLi yxqsVsV sLSaRPxmsLRiVrLij.
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xms VR*Li y*LS @LiVVy [y xms VR*LRiLigRi xqsLixqs y*LS @LiVVy
mx spLji [}qs FsLi][ DxmsWgRiNRPLRiLigS DLiVLiRs yxqsVV AbPxqsVyLRiV.
x s mx spLji [LiVV}qs sLRiV][gRiVNRPV |msR FsRVs DFyj NRPLiRsRV.
BNRP NRPRxms xqsdsVxmsLi[s N]xmsQQLij sR 7026 FsNRPLS[ sVgS BLiR{qs RV
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dxqsVN]}qs FyLjiaSsVNRP LRiLigRiLi @sXj LiRRV. NRPRxms xqsdsVxmsLi[s
ssWyaRPRV mx ssVV FsxmsNTP mx spLji @soyW RVs mx sLjiqz s sN]Lij.
xmsosLiRV[ @LiVV[ 380 N][ ][ [xms s H NSL`iQFyNPR V sLSRLRiNRPV
gRiVLRiso][Lij..250 N][ LRiWFyRV][ sLjiLis syV NRPWy
sLRiVxmsWgRiLigS sWLSLiVV. NRPRxms, F~R VWLRiV xms[ xqsVsWLRiV 170
N][ ][ [mx s s @LiRL`i g_` \Qs[ mx ssVV AgjiFRWLiVV. NRPRmx s sgRiLRiLi[s
sTR V[ 30 N][ ][ [xms s VgiR sLiNRP xqsVLiRLkiNRPLRi @LiRyV 100
N][ NRPV |msLjigjiy xqsVsWLRiV GRV FsssVj G gS @s rygRiVRVyLiVV.
l\Li[*N][R WLRiV sWNRPsLiR Li[ 430 FsNRPLS[ 40 N][ ][ NSs=ms qx sWNRPV
\sFsqs xRWLi[ aRPLiNRPVryxmss [zqsy @j @Rqs [NPR VLiy FLiVVLij. B[
sWNRPsLiR Li[ LRiW.20 N][ ][ @Fyd tx sw NRPLi|msdsNTP aRPLiNRPVrymx ss [aSLRiV.
@k GsVLiVVLi][ dRV. xmsosLiRV sWNRPsLiR Li[s NRPjLji L][R V[
15 sLiR FsNRPLS xqs Li[ sWNPT RVL`i xmssL`iFyLi GLSVNRPV xqs
}qsNRPLRi Ljigjiy ARLS*R sVVLiRRVgRiV s[R V[R V.

RVNRPV s xmsLRiVgRiVV daSLRiV.

xmsNSaRPLi, gRiVLiWLRiV, sg]LiR, NRPXuy,
sVLi, LRiLigSlLiT [ W xmsNRPLixmssV
][ Vc [ x q sVNR P V s Vc x q s s WyLR i Li
@LijLij. NRPXuy sk mx sLkiyx NPR FyLiy[
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s g]LiR [ s sVLSgR i Vy,
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ssVN]Li R, zmsRVgRiVLS, NSLRiLix mspT,
gRiVLRi, xqssxms RjRLRi FyLiy[
WsV NRPLizmsLiLij. xmsNSaRPLi [s
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qx sLiRsWRFyRV, @R LiNTP, RLji+, sWLiR WLRiV

FyLiy[ xmsNRPLixmssV ][Vc

[qx sVNRPVyLiVV. qz ssVLi FnyNPR LkiV
@ j NR P LigS D s FyLiy [
WxmsLiNRPmx ssV ][V [qx sVNRPV yLiVV.
NR P Xu y [ s s Lij gS s V,
giR RV}ms, NRPLi NRPRLiR , sVVNS,
s[ yj FyLiy [ WsV
NRPLizmsLiLij. sVLi [s sVj LRi,
xqsRVxms FyLiy[ xmsNRPLixmssV
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sV NRPWy xmsNRPLixmssV yNSLiVV.
C [s x R V`sgRiL`i, N]Rg iR W
Li sVLiR[ xmsNRPLixmssV ][Vc
[qx sVNRPVyL iVV. sg]LiR [s
N]s FyLiy[ g][R NRPV dV
yLjisVc VrLij

LSs sysVxtsQs NSLRiNRPsW @sVVsV @j NSLRiV][ xqsdsVOTPQLis sVLi Z\ aPy`

qq &q n+>Hy & ue H\ sD+

xqsLigSlLiT,T|qsLiL`i4 @LiVV[ NTPLiR sVLi\lLis @LigRisyU
ZNP[Liy sy sLSV BxmsNUP sVVRV NS[R V. BLidsLjiLig`i
@j NSLRiV sLiR ORPQ Li,sVz bPaRPV xqsLiZOP[Qs VaS @j NSLRiV Dy{qssLi xmsn RLi
@LigRisyU ZNP[Liy sy sLSV sVVRV NSsRLi [RV.
2007c08[ dAL`iFsmsn NSLRiNRPsVLi y*LS 55 @gRisyU ZNP[LiyNRPV
sysV sVLiLRiV [aSLRiV. IN][ sys @LiVVRV ORPQ LRiWFyRV
@LiRy][ sVLiLRiV [zqss xmsLjixtsQ` sLS RRsV
xmsLiyRVdLS BLidsLjiLig`i aSNRPV @xmsgjiLiLij. @LiVV[ xmspLRiL iVVy
N_Txms sVLiRLi [s oxms, [NSV sVLiRLi @Rsxms, N]LiRFyNRP
sVLiRLi zqsLjizqssgRiLiR gSsWNRPV sVLi\lLis @LigRisyU ZNP[Liy sy
sLSV sVVRV NSs[[R V. [NSV sVLiRLi LRiVso sVVLiRT RLiy,
LSsWRVLi}ms sVLiRLi xqsVyLjixms, [giR VLi sVLiRLi g][y, g]xms,
RWFys sVLiRLi NTPuyxmspL`i, RVNRP sVLiRLi ANSLRiLi, N]LiRFyNRP
sVLiRLi RV R, LRi&VLSxqsLigRiLi sVLiRLi N]WL`i yLSRV[` sVLiRLi

sVy*L`i, [xmss @LigRisyU ZNP[Liy sy sLSV BLiNS

N]srygRiVRWs[ DyLiVV.xmsxmssRVV [s NSLRiLigS xmsLjixtsQ`
xqssWs[aSV LRigRiNRPFsRLi, FsLi{ms, FssV[V Fys[ UAL`i{qs xqssWs[aSsV
@RFyRRFy sLRi*zLiy ds gRiVLjiLi xmsrys s LSNRPFsRLi][ C xmsLjizqs
GLRiTsV VxqsVs j.@lgi[ 2008c09 xqsLisR=LRiLi[ yLiR V {qsLi[
98 @LigRisyU ZNP[LiyNRPV syV sVLiLRiRWLiVV. ds sLS R RsV
NRPWy xmsLiyRVdLS BLidsLjiLig`i aSZNP[ @xmsgjiLiyLRiV. yVlgi[ NTPLiR
sVLi\lLis C {qsLi[\s[ 20 ZNP[Liy sy sLSV BxmsNUP
FyLRiLiLiR [R V. 66 gSsW @LigRisyU ZNP[LiyNRPV syV sVLiLRiV
NSgS 32 gSsW[ xmssVV sVVR V |ms[R Li[ @j NSLRiV xmssdLRiV Fs
Ds][ @LiR Li [xqsVN][s RV. NRPV Lijs sVz bPaRPVxqsLiZOP[Qs V aS sVLi
s.xqsVdsylLiT @LigRisyU NSLRiNRPsW @sVV\|ms ryLiVV[ xms[NRP qx ssWs[aPR Li
sLRi*zLi, ds sLSsV R*LjiRgRis xmspLji [LiVVLi[LiRVNRPV RLRiV
dxqsVN][s =s @sxqsLRiLi FsLi\y Dsj.

dVs m\ H\ dsT
Aj`,T|qsLiL`i4:FyRsVNRP
ssryRV xqsxNSLRixmsLRixms xqsLixmnsW
FyNR P s VLiR FssNR P V s s Lj i [
sLRi*zLi[LiRVNRPV xmsVR* xqsyV
[xqsVLij. C s[VLRiNRPV ssLji 21, 25
[k[ lLiLiRV sRRVgS FssNRPV
sLRi*zLi[ @sNSaSV NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV.
xms VR*Li ssLji[ [k s LSLRiV [zqs
FssNRPV sLRi*zxqsVLiRs sLis
@j NSLRi RVLiyLigRiLi s L][ sVVLiRV
s VLi [ FssNR P
GLS [
RsVVsNRPRWLRiV. sVL][\sxmso LSNUPRV
FyLik s[R V NRPWy xqsxNSLRi FssNRP\|ms
RXzts Q |msLRiV. IN][ qx sLixmsn WsNTP 12 sVLij
\lLiNRPLRiV, sLiRj xqsLi[ \lLiRVV
xqs VVgS DLiLRiV. zmsn sLji 2013[

FssNRP V LRiVgRiVyRVs sLis

ARW LSNUPRVFyLik yRVNRPVV
x m sLR i x m s x q sLix m n s W [ yLj i NT P
@sVNRPWLigS DLi[ \lLiRVsV
xqs VVgS [LiR VNRPVyLRiV. s[
s[ FssNRPV sLRi*zxqsVLiRgS
Bxms sVLi[ xmsys FyLki
yRVNRPVV Lji[NTP jlgi[LiRVNRPV
qx sy V [qx sVyLRiV.FyNRPsLS
xmsRdsNSLi 2010 @N][ L`i 21][
sVVgjiRVgS ssR NSLRi][
BxmsNTP yVgRiVryLiR V FssNRPsV
yLiVVy s[ x q sW s Lij .
@xmssVLi FyNRP sVLiR
ssjs xmsVR*Li |msLiRVRW
sLij. 2005 @N][L`i[xqsL

ixmsn WNRPV sLji ryLjigS xms VR*Li

FssNRPsV sLRi*zLiLij. C
[Vyj sWLji s[ xqsxNSLRi
xqsLixmsn WNRPV FssNRPV sLRi*zLiy
s xms VR*Li sLi @LiRVNRPV
@sVgRiVLigS GLSsV [aSLRiV.
NSgS BxmsZNP[ ssLji[ FssNRPV
sLRi*zxqsVsVc xqsxNSLRi
aS @jNSLRiVNRPV DRLRiV*V
@LiRRLi][ FssNRP sLRi*x
GLS[ ssVgRisVRWLRiV.
FssNR P @yLj i gS NR P N R P L`i
ssxLjixqsVLiRgS xqsxNSLRi
aS @j NSLji xmsLRis[OPR Q[ FssNRP
GLS V LR i VgR i VR VyLiVV.
Bx m s ZNP[ T s s r y LiVV

@j NSLRiVV FssNRP @j NSLRiV }msLiR sV

xqsWxqsW ss[jNRPV xmsLizmsLiyLRiV.
@Li[ gSNRPVLiy FLig`i A{mnsxqsLRiV,
FLig`i NRPLRiV }msLRisV NRPWy
xqsWxqsW ss[jNRPV @LiR[aSLRiV.
@N][ L`i s sLRiNRPV ARW xqsxNSLRi
xmsLRixms xqsLixmnsW[ xqsV sVLi
xqs y*V {qs*NRPLjiLi N]R JLiR VgS
}msLiR V ssWRV [aSLRiV. gRiRLi[ \
sLRiNRPV ARW xqsLixmnsW[ xqsR*
ssWRVsV {qs*NRPLjiLiRgS @N][L`i
s[ FyNRP sVLiR gRiRVsosV
2013 zmsn sLji 14 sLRiNRPV F~RgjixqsW
DRL iR V*V Lki [zqsLij. C s[VLRiNRPV
@ j NSLR i R VLiyLigR i Li FssNR P
sLRi*x N][xqsLi GLSsV [xmsLRiV.

H{ qT+ usY, +>+& eT& fdt

N][NRPy i,T|qsLiL`i 4 :BLigSLi`sV 4c0 [y][ JTLi Ljis[Li

dLRiVN][y... Bj zqsLkiqsNRPV sVVLiRV LRiR V N][Lij NRP. @y` qs
sRVLi][ xmsdNSLSsNTP ] @RVgRiV xmsTLiRs @sWsV xqsLiLRiLi.. @LiVV[
sVVLi\ xqsV][ {qss Lji\s\lLiQQ=Lij. zqss][ BLigkitsQ sVsV dysVs
][ sd LRiLis spxLi TzqsN]RLi][ FyV @[ DRV[ sVLiTRW
NRPVNRPVs xmsLSRVLi Fy\Lij. xmsn RLigS zqsLkiqs 1c1][ xqssVLi. C s[xmsRLi[
r~LiRgRiR |\ ms LRi` xqsyNPR V xmsLkiORPQgS lLi[xms sVLiT sVW][ qs FyLRiLi Li
NS[][Lij. Fs\lgiy C sW`[ lgi BLigSLi`sV N]s LRi`
sxqsVLi[... sVVLi\ qs sRVLi][ Dy=xLi][ Ds NRPVN`P }qss
NSss=][ zqsR \sVLij. LRi` sxtsQR WsN]}qs... =sVs sNRPR[sV
\sVsqsgS sWLjiLij. J|mssLRi][ FyV FyLRiL`i =sVs sNRPRgS
LSLiR[NPR FRVyLRiV. gRiR lLiLiRV sW`[s W R[aPR *LRi xmsoLS INRP[
xqsy yRV. ] xqsV[ |qs*g`i |qsLiRLki [zqsy... sVgjis

BsLig`i=[ sxmsn sVRWRV. @sLiNRPLi[ sVVLigS LRiR J|mssLiR V

VNRPV xqs\lLis ALRiLiss*[NRPFRVyLRiV. gRiLidL`i FnysV V
s[Vs[sVLiNRPV RzmsgS sWLjiLij. @V xqss LiRWL`i \sxmsn Li
NRPWy ALi][ s NRPgjirLij. sLRiVxqs \sxmsn ][ Lji\lLiLi ssVLRi+sV
FsRVL]LiVs sWxqs L`i N][NRPy xqs V[ qx sy y yNTP @R VNRP s[R Ws
N][LiR VNRPVLiVyRV. gRiR lLiLiRV L][VgS s=[ sVVsVLRiLigS FyNPU qs
[xqsVyRV. xqss][ FyV N][{ , RVVds NRPWy gSTs xmsy=s @sxqsLRiLi
DLij. BNRP ZNP|mss ][ sd sQQNPT g iR RLigS NRPWy dsLigS sLSaRPxmsLRiVxqsVyRV.
C zqsLkiqs[ ][ sd R yRVVRLigS ARNRPF[ qs V[ ][V N][[[V
xmssWRLi DsV sZaPx[tsQNPR VV sxqsVyLRiV. A NRPLi[ s[lLi[ sxtsQR W[
LRiR ryLRij syy[ sVxqsVyRV. zqsLkiqs FyLRiLi Li sVLiU zms`\|ms
ssVLRi+V [rs ][ sd ygS N][NRPy sW`NRPV NRPWy zqss zms`
NSys TsWLi` [aSRV. ksNTP @LigkiNRPLjiLis NRPWlLi[L`isV RzmsLiRRLi[
sV{[ NUPNRPFyR. C syRLi yyNRPLigS xqsR VsVgjisxmsNUP.. xmspLji
ARLRiORPQ ]L[ iR ][ zqss zms`V NSys N][LiR RLi xqsLjiNSRs xmsVsoLRiV
ysxqsVyLRiV. kLi][ lLi[xms sW`[ FssLRiV lgiVryLiR s[j xmsNRPs
|msT[... zms` [sNTP @sVNRPWLigS DLiVLiRs[j AxqsNTPNRPLRiLigS sWLjiLij.
BNRP LRiR RVj V sxtsQRWsN]}qs.. xLRissV xmsNRPs |ms[
@sNSaSVyLiVV. gRiR sW`[ }msqs L`isV RzmsLi s RVj
V[NTP dxqsVN][sRLi ssVLRi+NRPV yLjidzqsLij. kLi][ lLi[xms sW`NRPV
BaSLi` , jLiy[ INRPLjiNTP ][V RNRPsVLij.sVL][\sxmso sVVLi\[ gSLi`
sNRPLki N]s BLigSLi` @[ [LRiV N]srygjiLiys Dy=xLi][
FsRVLRiVRWrLij. BLigSLi` zqss R*RVLi ry*scxmss[xqsL`i yLi[[[
@RLRig]LRiV. N][NRPy[ RsV zqss sWN`P RWFys sxqsVyLRiV.
dsLjiNTP ][RV zmnss NRPWy zmnssqs ryjLiyRV. Lig`i[ NRPVN`P sLRiVxqs
|qsLiRLki][ xqsWxmsL`i FnysV[ N]srygRiVRVyRV. {msLRi=s NRPWy sVVLi\
xqsV[ |qsLiRLki [zqs FnysV[NTP LSsRLi][ BLigSLi` Lig`i \sms
sVLjiLiR xmsTLij.

eTT\+ b~ L..?
sVLi,T|qsLiL`i4:y LRi gRi[yj @gRixqs V[ RsFRWRV. RsFLiVVs
J sQQNPT gSsVLi[ aRPaSs yNRP xmssNTP ssVc DFyj dsV zqsLij
LjiNSLiR V[ DLij. RsFLiVVs y LRi aRPaSysNTP s[ NSds xmssNTP Fs
sLij, NRPW RVV FssLRiV dxqsVyL][ @j NSLRiV[ Fys ARVs LRi
BxmsVRV xmsbPxqsVyLRiV. y LRi RsFLiVV Gy\LiRs DxmsV NRP gSsWsNTP
Lijs JsVz xmsbPxqsVyLRiV. DFyjdsV[ BLi @sNRPRsNRP[
RVxmsRVRVyLiVV. RsFLiVVsyLRiLiy [ xmssVV [zqssV LjiNSLiR VV
RRWLRiRWLiVV. |mssV sVLiRLi[s xmsV gSsW[ C Gyj Ljigjis
DFyj dsV xmssV[ Lki FsRVs @sNRPRsNRPV ][V [xqsVNRPVyLiVV. Rs*sN]k
BLiNS BLiNS @NRPsWV sVgRiVRWxqsWs[ DyLiVV. N]s[Q NTPRLi
RsFLiVVsyLRiV DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi[ xmss[zqssV LjiNSLiR V[ RWzms RVV
y [xqsVNRPVs \ssLi DFyjdsV zqsLij LjigjiLixmsosNRPV sRLRi+sLigS
xmsVN][sRV. LiRFyLi gSsWsNTP Lijs J sQQNTP H[ NTPRLi
RsFLiVVy g_LSLRiLi E LRiVso, FyLRiryLRijxmsoLRiLi gSsVLi[ Ljigjis
DFyj xmssV[ NRPWxmss [aSRs LjiNSLiR V[ RWFyLRiV. @[ gSsWsNTP Lijs
sVL][s QQNPT sVW[ NTPRLi sVX Lijy mx ss[qz ssVgS RWFyLRiV. DxmsVNRPNTP
Lijs sVL][ sQQNPT gRiR Gyj @gRixqs V[ RsFRVRV. ARVs C Gyj s[
yVgRiV L][V xmssNTP ssVc LjiNSLiR V[ RWFyLRiV. ysFyRVNTP Lijs
J sVz gRi[yj sVX LiRgS AsV NRPWy DFyj sd V NRPW mx ssNTP ssVc
LjiNSLiR V[ RWzms sR VV y [aSLRiV. LiRFyLi[ ELRiV sj|ms ss
sQQNPT xmssVNRPV ssV RWzms sR VV y [aSLRiV. 4s RLRigRi RRVsoRVs
syLRiVV NRPWy xmssVV [zqssV sRVV y [aSLRiV. sVVysNTP Bs[ds
xmsLiRVN][LRis ksW][ gSsW[ DFyj @NRPsWV ][V[xqsVNRPVyLiVV.
dss|\ ms xqssVgRi syLRi LRiFys rysNRPVV TsWLi` [xqsVyLRiV.

|Tq+> \T>T ||+# ~He s

Aj`,T|qsLiL`i4: [ VgRiVuy j[R=ys xmnsVsLigS
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. xmsVR @s[NPR NSLRiNRPsWV [xmsLRiV. sVV][ sVLiRLi[s
ARW FyhRiaS[ sVLigRiyLRiLi xmsxmsLiR VgRiV uy j[R =sLi xqsLiRLRiLigS
syLRiVV xmsV ryLixqsQXNRP NSLRiNRPsW[ FyyLRiV. gRi[LS
FyRsVN][sR FyhRiaS syLRiV][ LSd sLRi*zLi ryLixqsQXNRP
NSLRiNRPsWV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. gRiVsV LRiOTPQLiRVNRPVLiyLi @LiW syyV
[aSLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsWNRPV sVV@jgS RxzqsLRiV slLi[LiRL`i \lLi
sWyLRiV. syLiR VNRPV VgRiV uy FysVVRsV ssLjiLiyLRiV. VgRiVsV
sVLRi FLSRs xqsWLiyLRiV. FsNRPR Dy, G sR RRsy sWRXxqssV
sVLRisNRPWRRyLRiV.

u+ H> seH

ygSLRiVs NRPyyRVNRPVTgS RaRPLRi` RLRi+NRPR*Li[ LRiWF~LiRVRVs

y RLi LiNSN`P[ dNRPLRi LRiVxmsoNRPVLi[Lij. NSsWOUPQ NRP sVWdsqs
mx syNRPLi\|ms T.RLiRsT C ys sLjixqsVyLRiV. sRVsyLRi NRPyyLiVVNRPgS
srLij. C RLi N][xqsLi yg`i sdss ZNP[aSLiNRPLRi][ NRPWTs xqsLjiN]R
VN`P][ }msORPQNPR V sVVLiRVNRPVLSsVyLRiV. y NSLi RLS*R ygSLiR Vs
srs }mssVNRPy RsVj NSsRLi][ ARVs @sWsVV C RLi\|ms
xms[NRP\sVs AxqsNTP s NRPsLRiVxqsVyLRiV. Bcs[ RVWLRims[s xqsVLiRLRi\sVs
ZNP[xtsQs [ N]s FyV, NUPNRP xqsss[aS dNRPLRi LRixmsoNRPVs C RLi
LiNSN`P[ s L][ FyVc sVL][ |tsQRW LRiVxmsoN][sVLij. C
|tsQR W[ N]s Fy][ FyVc xmsyNRP xqsss[aS[ s[ RWORPQs
xmnsV LRiZNPNTPLiRsVyLRiV. C RLi[ ygSLRiVs xmsyxqs
LRidRVVRVgS NRPszmsryLiR s, mx sLji Lijs }mssVNRPy RsVRs RLRi+NRPVRV
RaRPLRi` VRVyLRiV. dsVLS ][Fy sVL][ NRPyyLiVVNRPgS srs C
ysNTP RsVs xqsLigkiysLijxqsVyLRiV.

MANYASIMA Telugu Daily; Edited, Printed, Published and Owned by P. Lakshmana Rao, # 60, R.T.C. Complex, Dwaraka Bus Station, Visakhapatnam 530020, Andhra Pradesh. Ph: 09440114786,
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