VI V PHNG PHP TRNG PHNG

(Coincidence Method)
-----------------------------------

I. GII THIU
Cho hai con lc (l xo, n). Chu k dao ng ca mt trong hai con lc bit. Bng cch no
c th xc nh c chu k dao ng ca con lc cn li?

II. PHNG PHP

Vn t ra y c lin quan n PHNG PHP TRNG PHNG (trng thi gp li
y chang nh ln gp trc ).
Hai con lc c gi l TRNG PHNG khi chng qua v tr cn bng (VTCB) cng lc, cng
chiu.
Ta kho st dao ng ca hai con lc t gn nhau. Kch thch cho chng dao ng cng mt kiu
v xt cng thi im ban u (initial time).
Ti thi im ban u, chng cng pha (in phase), nhng v chu k (period) khc nhau nn sau
khong thi gian ngn nht u no , chng mi cng pha tr li (trng phng).
Gi T
1
: chu k bit ca con lc (1).
T
2
: chu k cn o ca con lc (2).
u: thi gian gia hai ln trng phng lin tip (thi gian trng phng ngn nht).
. Cho rng: T
1
> T
2
.
Trong khong thi gian u ny, gi d con lc (1) thc hin c n ln dao ng th con lc (2) s
thc hin c (n + 1) ln dao ng.
Ta c:
1 2
2
1 2 2
1 2
nT (n 1)T
T
n(T T ) T n
T T
= +
= =

:
1
1
nT n
T
u
u = = . Do vy:
2 1 2
1 1 2 1 2
T TT
T T T T T
u
= u =

. Cho rng: T
1
< T
2
.
Tng t, ta c:
1 2
2
2 1 2
2 1
2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1
nT (n 1)T
T
n(T T ) T n
T T
T TT
T T T T T
=
= =

u
= u =

Tm li, thi gian gia hai ln trng phng lin tip ca hai con lc l:

Biu din sang tn s (frequency):

V mt thc nghim, c th o m u, n xc nh T
2
, f
2
.

1 2
1 2
TT
T T
u =

1 2
1
f f
u =

III. TRNG DN
1. Cho hai con lc l xo. Con lc l xo (1) c chu k dao ng T
1
= 0,6 (s). Thc nghim
PHNG PHP TRNG PHNG v m c s ln dao ng ca (1) l 4. Xc nh chu k dao
ng ca con lc l xo (2)?

Theo trn, ta c:
1
1 2 2
2
1 2 2
1
1 2
1 2 2
4T 4.0, 6
4T 5T T 0, 48
T
5 5
n n T T T
4T 4.0, 6
T T
4T 3T T 0,8
3 3

= = = =

= =

= = = =

Vy: Nu T
2
< T
1
th T
2
= 0,48 (s); Nu T
2
> T
1
th T
2
= 0,8 (s).

2. Cho hai con lc n c chu k dao ng ln lt l T

1
= 2 (s) v T
2
= 3 (s). Xc nh thi gian
gia hai ln TRNG PHNG lin tip ca chng?

C:
1 2
1 2
TT 2.3
6
T T 2 3
u = = =

(s)

(Mch nc: u = BCNN (T

1
;T
2
) !!!).

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Vit ti xm Li Ch,
mt xm bin ngho nhng cn nhn tnh Ninh Thun
ni V ti ra ti v kh nui ti n hc.
Nay b ra ngi thin c.