ELLIPSE, HYPERBOLA AND PARABOLA

ELLIPSE
Concept Ellipse with Center (0, 0) Equation Standard equation with a > b > 0 Horizontal major axis: x2 y2 + =1 a2 b2 Vertical major axis x2 + y2 = 1 b2 a2 Example x + y = 1; a = 3. b = 2 4 9 Center (0, 0); major axis: vertical Vertices: (0, 3); foci: ( 0, 5) 2 2 2 (c = a b = 9 4 = 5, so c = 5.) y
V1(0,3) F1 (0, 5) -3 3 F 2(0,- 5) V 2(0,-3)
2 2

Ellipse with center (h, k)

Standard equation with a > b > 0 Horizontal major axis: (x h)2 + (y k)2 = 1 a2 b2 Vertical major axis (x h) + (y k) b2 a2
2 2

(x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1; a = 3. b = 2 4 9 y
5 V1(1,2) F1(-1,-1+ 5)

-3

=1

5 F2(1,-1- 5) V2 (1,-4) -5

Circle with center (h, k) and radius r

Standard equation (x h) 2 + (y k) 2 = r2 A circle is an ellipse with a = b = r.

(x 2) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 9 Center: (2, -2); radius: r = 3 y

5

x
-5 5

(2, -2)
-5

Area inside an ellipse

A= ab

The area inside the ellipse give by x2 + y2 = 1 is 49 9 A= (7)(3) = 21 square units.

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HYPERBOLA

Concept Hyperbola with center (0, 0)

Equation Standard equation Transverse axis: horizontal x - y =1 a2 b2 Transverse axis: vertical y2 x2 =1 a2 b2

2 2

Example x - y = 1; a = 2. b = 3 4 9 Transverse axis: vertical Vertices (0, 2); foci: (0, 13) (c2 = a 2 + b2 = 4 + 9 = 13, so c = 13.) Asymptotes: y = y
5
(0, 13) (0,2)
y= 2 x 3 2 2

2 x 3

-5

x
y= - 2 x 3

(0,-2)

(0,- 13)

Hyperbola with center (h, k)

Standard Equation Transverse axis: horizontal (x h)2 - (y k)2 = 1 a2 b2 Transverse axis: vertical (y k)2 - (x h)2 = 1 a2 b2

(x 1)2 - (y + 1)2 = 1; a = 2. b = 3 4 9 Transverse axis: horizontal; center (1, -1) Vertices (1 2, - 1); foci: (1 - 1) 13, (c2 = a 2 + b2 = 4 + 9 = 13, so c = 13.) Asymptotes: y = 3 (x 1) - 1 2 y
5 y = - 3 (x 1) -1 2
(-1,-1)
y=+ 3 (x 1) -1 2

-5 (1- 13,-1)

x
(3,-1)

(1+ 13,-1)

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PARABOLAS

Parabola Vertex (0, 0)

Concept Parabola with vertex (0, 0) and vertical axis

Equation x2 = 4py p > 0: opens upward p < 0: opens downward Focus: (0, p) Directrix: y = - p

Example x = - 2y has 4p = - 2 or p = - 1 2 The parabola opens downward with vertex (0, 0), focus (0, - 1 ), and 2 directrix y = 1 2 y
1
V(0,0) F(0,- )
1 2 y= 1 2 2

x2 = - 2y

-1

Parabola with vertex (0, 0) and horizontal axis

y2 = 4px p > 0: opens to the right p < 0: opens to the left Focus: (p, 0) Directrix: x = - p

y2 = 4x has 4p = 4 or p = 1 The parabola opens to he right with vertex (0, 0), focus (1, 0), and directrix x=-1 y
5
y2 = 4x

V(0,0) F(1,0)

-5

x = -1

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Parabola Vertex (h, k)

Concept Parabola with vertex (h, k) and horizontal axis

Equation ( y k) = 4p(x h) p > 0: opens to the right p < 0: opens to the left Focus: (h + p, k) Directrix: x = h - p
2

Example (y + 1) = - 2(x + 2) has p = - 1 2 The parabola opens to the left with vertex (-2, - 1), focus (- 5, -1), and 2 directrix x = - 3 2 y
(y + 1) = - 2(x + 2)
2

F(-5 , -1)
2

V(-2,-1)

y= -3 2

-5

Parabola with vertex (h, k) and vertical axis

(x h)2 = 4p(y k) p > 0: opens upwards p < 0: opens downwards Focus: (h, k + p) Directrix: y = k - p

(x 1)2 = 8(y 3) has p = 2. The parabola opens upward with vertex (1, 3), focus (1, 5), and directrix y = 1. y
(x 1)2 = 8(y 3)
y= 1

6 F(1,5) 4

V(1,3)

-6 -4-2 2 4 6

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