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Active Directory 2
Active Directory 2
Introduction
Finding a certain file. Seeing everything from a single view Replicate data Offers directory services Single network logon Single point of administration and replication
Traditional Directory
Tools for organizing, managing and locating objects in a computing system Directory services are like a telephone book LANs and WANs grow larger and more complex Active directory unifies and brings order to diverse server hierarchies, or namespaces
Directory Service
Users and administrators do not know exact names The directory can run a query for an object by one of its attributes A directory service can
Enforce security defined by administrator Replicate a directory Partition a directory into multiple stores
Active Directory
Included with Windows 2000 server Works well in any size installation
Single server with few hundred objects Thousands of server with millions of objects
Important Concepts
Scope
user
Can include every single object, every server and every domain
Any bounded area in which a given name can be resolved A distinct, named set of attributes that represents something concrete, such as a user, a printer or an application.
Attributes for User Object: Name: Joe Surname: Smith Email: js@user.com
Namespace
Object
Important Concepts
Container
Tree
Important Concepts
Domains
Established Trust
Domain A Domain B
A single security boundary of a network A tree comprised of several domains sharing a common schema, configuration and forming a contiguous namespace
Domain trees
Implicit Trust
Domain C
Important Concepts
Forest
A set of one or more trees that do not form a contiguous namespace All trees in a forest share a common schema, configuration and global catalog A forest does not need a distinct name
Location in a network that contains Active Directory servers
Microsof t.Com Sof tImage.Com
Sites
PBS.Microsof t.Com
Finance.Sof tImage.Com
DNS Integration
Active Directory is tightly integrated with Domain Name System. Active Directory uses DNS as the location Service An Enterprise can connect Active Directory Servers directly to the Internet.
LDAP is Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. It was developed as a simpler alternative to X.500 protocol Active Directory supports both LDAP version 2 and version 3.
Object Naming
Object Globally Unique Identifier, a 128 bit number which is never changed if object is moved or renamed. User principal Name which is shorter than DN and easy to remember
Protocol Support
Global Catalog
GC enables users and applications to find objects in an Active Directory Domain tree if user knows one or more attributes of target object. GC holds a replica of every object in the Active Directory, but only holds a small number of their attributes.
Security
Object protection
All objects are protected by Access Control Lists. An ACL is store as a binary value called a Security Descriptor. It allows a higher administrative authority to grant rights for containers and subtrees to individuals and groups.
Delegation
root.com
sub.root.com
child.sub.root.com
Windows 2000 domain tree is a hierarchy of domains, each consisting of a partition of Active Directory. Transitive Bidirectional Trust relationship is automatically established between joined domain and its parent. Domains are joined to Domain tree during installation process.
New attributes can be added to the Schema at any time , using name, OID, definition of data, range limits. New Objects can be added at any time using name, oid, list of classes that can be parents of object, class object is derived from, and list of classes that apply to the object.
Active Directory is designed to operate in mixed Environment. The migration process from Down level servers to active directory take place one domain controller at a time.
Win 4.x domain with single primary domain controller and two Backup Domain controllers.
BDC
BDC
Mixed Domain
DC/PDC
BDC BDC
BDC
Pure Domain- Former BDCs are now peers of the original Windows 2000.
Domain Replic a Global Catalog
Pure Domain
DC - GC
DC DC
Domain Replic a DC
Domain Replic a
Domain Replic a