Nguyn Bnh Long THPT Chuyn Sn La

DN XUT HALOGEN - ANCOL

Bi 1: Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ancol sau: a) Ancol isobutylic b) Ancol isoamylic c) 2-metylhexan-3-ol d) Xiclohexanol e) But-3-en-1-ol d) 2-Phenyletan-1-ol. Bi 2: Vit phng trnh cc phn ng sau v gi tn sn phm to thnh: a) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 vi dung dch NaOH/H2O, un nng. b) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 vi dung dch KOH/ancol, un nng. c)CH3CHBrCH3 vi Mg trong ete khan. Bi 3: Hy phn bit cc cht lng sau bng phng php ho hc: a) Hexyl bromua, brombenzen, 1-brombut-2-en. b) 1-clopent-2-en, pent-2-en, 1-clopentan. c) Glixerol, ancol etylic, ancol metylic v ancol alylic. Bi 4: Khi cho mt t dung dch bc nitrat vo ng nghim cha mt mu dn xut halogen CH2=CHCH2Cl, lc nh, thy c kt ta trng. Gii thch. Bi 5: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin cc chuyn ho sau: a) CH3CH2CH2Br thnh CH3CHBrCH3 ; b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH thnh (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3. Bi 1: Vit cc ptp theo s chuyn ho sau (ghi r iu kin nu c): 1. B1 NaOH (dd) C1 O2 (Cu,to) D1 H2 C3H6 A Cl2 (1:1) NaOH (dd) C2 B2 O2 (Cu,to) D2 2. CaCO3 A B D C2H6 E G H P.E K Cao su Buna. 3. C3H8 C3H6 C3H7Cl C3H7OH (Ghi r CTCT. Cc phn ng u to thnh sp chnh ). 4. (H 2003-Khi B): C F G +Y +X A E to B D C H +Y Cho bit E l ru etylic, G +X l polime. v H Bi 2: 1. T propanol-1, vit cc ptp iu ch propanol-2 v ngc li. 2. Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit 4 cht lng: ru etylic, hexen-1, benzen v ru anlylic 3. Ch dng Na, vi cc thit b k thut c sn, hy phn bit 3 ru: metylic, etylic v n-propylic. Bi 3: T tinh bt, vit cc ptp iu ch ru etylic, ru metylic, etilenglicol v cao su Buna. Bi 4: Xc nh CTCT ng, vit cc ptp: 1. C4H10 A B 2 olefin ng phn. 2. A (C4H8O) c th lm mt mu nc brom, tc dng vi Na gii phng H2 v khi oxi ho mt cch nh nhng thn trng cho sn phm l CH2=CH-CH2-CHO. Bi 5: Xc nh CTPT ca ru n chc A c 60% khi lng C trong phn t. Bi 6: 1. So snh nhit si ca ru etylic, ru n-propylic v imetylete. Gii thch. 2. So snh tan trong nc ca ru etylic, ru n-butylic v ietylete. Gii thch. Bi 13: (H 2003-Khi A): Vit cc cht di dng CTCT theo s chuyn ha sau: C5H10O C5H10Br2O C5H9Br3 C5H12O3 C8H12O6 Cho bit cht ng vi CTPT C5H10O l mt ru bc 3, mch h. Bi 14: Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc cht lng sau ng trong cc l ring bit mt nhn: benzen, hexin-1, n-hexan, hexen-1, glixerin, ru etylic, ru metylic v ru alylic. Bi 15: T nguyn liu chnh l vi, than v nc (cc cht v khc coi nh c sn), vit cc ptp (ghi r iu kin nu c) iu ch cc cht sau: ru etylic, ru metylic, ru isopropylic, ru n-propylic, etilenglicol, propilenglicol, ru alylic v glixerin. Bi 16: A c CTPT C4H8O c th lm mt mu dd brom, tc dng vi Na gii phng H2, tc dng vi dd KMnO4 long to thnh ru a chc c cc nhm OH cc nguyn t C lin nhau. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Vit cc ptp xy ra.

Nguyn Bnh Long THPT Chuyn Sn La Bi 17: Vit cc ptp thy phn cc ng phn ca C3H5Br3 trong dd NaOH d. Sn phm no thuc loi n chc, a chc, tp chc? Bi 1: Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc cht lng: benzen, ancol benzylic, stiren, toluen v phenol trong hexan. ANDEHIT Bi 1: Hy gii thch v sao: a) Cc cht sau y c phn t khi xp x nhau nhng li c nhit si khc nhau nhiu: propan-2-ol (82oC), propanal (49oC) v 2-metylpropen (-7oC). b) Andehit fomic (M = 30 g/mol) tan trong nc tt hn so vi etan (M = 30 g/mol). c) Khc vi ancol metylic v tng t metylclorua, anehit fomic l cht kh. Song, tng t ancol metylic v khc vi metylclorua, anehit fomic tan rt tt trong nc. Bi 2: Vit phng trnh cc phn ng xy ra theo cc s sau:
HCN 2 2, a) CH2=CH2 2 B D H O , H ,t o Br2 H b) C6H5CH=CH2 2 E CuO G , H
H , Ni ,t Br , H ,t c) C6H5OH 2 I CuO K 2 L d) CH4
o o

O , PdCl ,CuCl ,t o

HCOONH4

(A)

(B) (C)

(D)

(NH4)2CO3

AXIT CACBOXYLIC Bi 1: Vit CTCT v gi tn quc t cc ng phn axit ng vi CTPT sau: C5H10O2, C5H8O4. Bi 2: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit, gii thch: CCl3-COOH; CH3-COOH; CH2Cl-COOH; CH2Br-COOH; CHCl2-COOH. Bi 3: V sao nhit si v nhit nng chy ca axit cao hn so vi ca andehit, xeton v ancol c cng s nguyn t C. Bi 4: Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau:
3 HCN a) CH3CH=O A B Mg , HCl CO2 b) C2H5Br A B C Bi 5: T CH4, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch: axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrilic, axit benzoic, axit propionic, axit oxalic. Bi 6: Bng phng php ho hc, phn bit cc l mt nhn ng cc dd: Axit axetic, axit fomic, axit acrilic, ancol etylic, anehit axetic. ESTE Bi 1: a) Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C2H4O2. b) Nhng cht no c phn ng trng bc, v sao? Bi 2: Vit CTCT cc este c cng CTPT sau: C4H8O2, C4H6O2, C5H8O4. Bi 3: A c CTPT C3H6O2. Xc nh CTCT ca A trong cc trng hp: a) A lm tan vi. b) A khng t/d vi dd NaOH m tham gia phn ng trng bc v t/d vi Na. c) A tham gia phn ng trng bc m khng tc dng vi dd NaOH v Na. d) A khng trng bc, khng tc dng vi dd NaOH nhng tc dng vi Na. Bi 4: Cho s chuyn ho: (A) (C) (D) (E) (F) F ( H 2 SO4 ,t ) (B) G Cho bit CTPT ca A l C2H4Br2 v ca G l C6H10O4. Xc nh CTCT ca (A)...(G) v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (mi mi tn l 1 phn ng). Bi 5: Xc nh CTCT c th c ca cc ng phn X, Y, Z c CTPT C4H6Cl2O2 trong cc trng hp sau: a) X + NaOH (d) A + C2H4(OH)2 + NaCl. b) Y + KOH (d) B + C2H5OH + KCl + H2O. c) Z + NaOH (d) Mui ca 1 axit hu c + NaCl + H2O. Cho bit CTCT ca A, B v mui ca axit hu c c th c? Bi 6: Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc cht lng sau: vinylaxetat, metylacrilat, ietyloxalat.

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