ch6

6.1
Q(volume flow rate)
(
W(weight flow rate)
(
)
M(mass flow rate)
(
)
1Q=AV
A(m2)
dou
V(m/s)
m3 t
Q( )
s

2W = rQ
din N
r(
m3 )

6-1

ch6

m3 N
W= rQ=( 3 )( )=
s
m
s
N

x kg
m 3 kg
3 )( )=
3M=Q=(
s
m
s

CMS=(Cubic

m3
meters per second) ( )
s

sg=1

D=50cm , V=2m /s
Q,W,M

dou
Q=AV
A=
=
t2
2
d = ( 0.5) =0.196m2
din
4
4
V=2m/s
+2
Q = 0.196m 20 2m / s = 0.39m3 / s
kN
m3
kN

0
.
39
=
3
.
82
W= r Q=9.81
x 3
s
s
m
A=

6-2


ch6

M= Q =

1000kg
m3

m3
kg
0.39
= 390
s
s

6-2

V2
V1

M2

M1

1
1
A1

2
2
A2

6-3

ch6

M1=M2

6-4

ch6

1Q1 = 2Q2

1( A1V1 ) = 2 ( A2V2 )

( 1 = 2 )
A1V1 = A2V2
Q1 = Q 2

D2=10cm

D1=5cm

6-5

V1= 4m/s

V2=?

ch6

A1 = ( 0.05) 2 m 2 = 1.96 103 m 2

4

A2 = ( 0.1) 2 m 2 = 7.85 10 3 m 2
4
3
m
3 2
3 m
V1 A1 = 4 1.96 10 m = 7.85 10
s
s
3
m
7.85 103
Q
s = 1m / s
V2 =
=
A2 7.85 10 3 m 2

6-6

ch6

6.3

+10 +
+150 +
+ K +

dout
din
x

dout = din+20x
2 2
A= d in
4

dout
X

din

P.467
4 in40 d
=4.026 in
1.

6-7

ch6
2.
3.
4.

4 in80 din =3.826 in

4 in K din =3.857 in
4 in 150 din =4.10 in

6-8

ch6

6.4

A V p
()
1.

A V p ()
Q V3m/s
A

40 Q=3200 L/min ()
V 6.0 m/s
()
2.

L 1m 3 1 min
3
Q = 3200

=
0
.
0533
m
/s
3
min 10 L 60 s
Q=AV
Q 0.0533m3 / s
A= =
= 8.88 103 m 2
V
6.0m / s

A=8.88 103 m 2 Ao
F Ao=
1.291 10 2 m3 A = 8.88 103 m 2 , 5
6-9

ch6

40

6-10

ch6

6.5
(A)
V1
V1

A2

A1

A1V1= A2V2
Q1=Q2()
(B)

V2

A1

Q2
A2
A3
Q3

Q1

V3

Q1 = A1V1
Q2 = A2V2
Q3 = A3V3

Q1=Q2+Q3
6-11

ch6

(C)

A1

A1

d1

d1

2
A1 = d1
4
A2 = LB 2

( d1 + 2 x ) 2
4

6-12

ch6

6.6 -

1z
2

3
p
1.polential energy
PE=wz
Nm
w
2.kinetic energy
2
1
1
w

KE = m 2 = ( ) 2 = w

2
2 g
2g
Nm

6-13

ch6

3.pressure energy

( V ) p wp
FE = PV =
=

Nm
V

E = FE + PE + KE
wp
w 2
=
+ wz +

2g
2

1 2
1 2

6-14

ch6

wp1
w12
E1 =
+ wz1 +

2g
wp2
w 22
E2 =
+ wz2 +

2g
E1 = E2
p1
12 p2
22

+ z1 +
=
+ z2 +

2g
2g

Bernoulli`s Eq.

6-15

ch6

6.7
1
N m
= m
N

Head
p

z
2

2g

6-16

ch6

2
22
2g
12
2g

p1

p2

p1

p2
2g

z2

z1

6-17

ch6

6.8
1.

2.

6.9

d2=50mm
p1=?

2m

1=3.0m/s
1
d1=25mm
p1=345kPa

6-18

ch6

1 2
A11 = A2 2

2 3 2
25 10 m ( 3.0m / s )
4

2 3 2
= 50 10 m 2
4

25
2 = 3.0m / s = 0.75m / s
50

2 p2

6-19

ch6

p1
12 p2
22
+ z1 +
=
+ z2 +

2g
2g
p2 p1
12 22

= + ( z1 z2 ) +

2g

12 12
p2 = p1 + ( z1 z2 ) +

2
g

= 345kPa( gage )

m
3.0 2 0.752 2

kN
s
+ 9.81 3 ( 2.0m ) +
m

m
2 9.81 2

kN
= 345kPa( gage ) + 9.81 3 ( 2.0m + 0.43m )
m
kN
= 345kPa( gage ) 15.4 2
m
= 329.6kPa( gage )

6-20

ch6

12 22
p2 = p1 + ( z1 z2 ) +

2 g

1 = 2
p2 = p1 + ( z1 z2 )
p2 p1 = ( z1 z2 )
p = h

C
1.2m
A

D
d=40mm

1.8m
1.2m

dF=25mm
E

pBpCpDpE Q
1 A F
6-21

ch6

F Q
pA
A2
+ zA +
=

2g
p A pF

pF
F2
+ zF +

2g
=0

A2
0
2g
F2
( z A zF ) =
2g
F = [ ( z A z F ) 2 g ]1/ 2
1/ 2

= 3m 2 9.81 2

s
F = 7.67 m / s

Q = F AF
m 2 3 2
= 7.67 25 10 m
s 4

= 3.77 10 3 m3 / s

2 BC
DE
6-22

ch6

Q = AB B = AC C = AD D
= AE E = AF F
AB = AC = AD = AE

3 2
= 40 10 m
4

= 1.257 10 3 m 2

B = C = D = E =
=

Q
AB

3.77 10 3m3

1.257 103 m 2
= 3.0m / s

3
pBpCpDpE
pA
A2 p B
B2
+ zA +
=
+ zB +

2g
2g

6-23

ch6

B2

p B = ( z A z B )
2g

2
m

2
3.0 2
kN
s
= 9.81 3 0
m
m
2 9.81 2

= 4.5kN / m 3 = 4.5kPa( gage )

C2

p C = ( z A z C )
2g

kN
= 9.81 3 ( 1.2m 0.459m )
m
= 16.27 kN / m 3 ( gage )
D2

p D = ( z A z D )
2g

kN
= 9.81 3 ( 0.459m )
m
= 4.5kPa( gage )
6-24

ch6

E2
p E = ( z A z E )
2 g

kN
= 9.81 3 ( 3.0m 0.459m )
m
= 24.93kN / m3
= 24.93kPa( gage )

2
60C =9.65kN/m3

2 , p2 , 2
d2=200mm
0.46m
d1=300mm

1, p1, 1

6-25

ym
1.18m
sg=1.25

ch6

p1
V12 p2
V2 2
+ Z1 +
=
+ Z2 +

2g
2g

A1V1 = A2V2

(1)

A1
V2 = V1
A2
2
2

A1 V12
V2
=
2 g A2 2 g

(2)

(2)(1)

A1 V12
p1
V12 p2
+ Z1 +
=
+ Z 2 +

2g
A2 2 g
A 2 V 2 1
1 1 1 = ( p1 p 2 ) + ( Z1 Z 2 )
A2
2 g

60=9.65 kN/m 3

6-26

ch6

A1

1
(1) A
2
2

2
2
(
)
0
.
3
m
4

A1
1 =
1 = 4.06

A2
( 0.2m ) 2
4

1
(2) ( p1 p2 )
p2 = p1 + y + (1.18m ) g (1.18m ) y ( 0.46m )
p2 p1 = ( 0.72m ) + g (1.18m )

g
p2 p1
(1.18m )

= 0.72m +

= 0.72m +

1.25 9.81KN / m3
9.65 KN / m

= 0.78m

(3) Z 1 Z 2
Z1 Z 2 = 0.46m

(4)V1
6-27

(1.18m )

ch6

V12
4.06
= 0.78m 0.46m = 0.32m
2g
1
2

2 9.81 2 0.32m
s

V1 =

4.06

= 1.24m / s

(5)V

A1
V2 = V1 = 2.25 1.24m / s = 2.79m / s
A2

6-28

ch6

6.10
1

1
V12 2
V2 2
+ Z1 +
=
+ Z2 +

2g

2g

(1) p1 = p2 = 0
( 0)
(2)
1 (V1=0)
V2 2
Z1 = Z 2 +
2g
V2 2 = 2 g ( Z1 Z 2 )

V2 = 2 g ( Z1 Z 2 ) = 2 gh

(Torricellis theorem)

1=0 V1=0

6-29

ch6

3=0
V3=0
2=0

2
2

P3
V3
P1
V1
P2
V2
+ Z1 +
= + Z2 +
= + Z3 +
r
2g r
2g r
2g

(1) p1 = p 2 = p3 = 0

( 2 )V = V = 0
1

V2
Z1 = Z 2 +
= Z3
2g
(1)V2 = 2 g ( z1 z 2 ) = 2 gh
( 2) Z 3 = Z 1
6.11.1

P
d a =
r

6.11.2
6-30

ch6

(Vena Contracta)

Aj=0.62A0

6-31

ch6
5.

11
At

H
h

Aj

At
Aj
H h

=
dV = -At dh =Qdt
Q = Vi Ai

6-32

ch6

1
2
2
gh
=
2
g
Vj =
h

dV = At dh = Q dt
At dh = 2 g h1 / 2 A j dt
At 1
dt =
h

Ai 2 g

1
2

t=0 h=H
t=t h=h

6-33

dh

ch6

t
h At 1 2
0 dt = H A 2 g h dh

1 +1
2
h

At 1

=
A j 2 g 1 + 1
2

1
At 1 h 2

=

A j 2 g 1

2 H
1 H
2
h

At
1
= 2
A j 2 g

1
At 1 1
2
2
= 2
H

A j 2 g

6-34