K thut phng th nghim

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Gii thiu mn hc

Phn b thi gian: 50% l thuyt 50% thc hnh Mc tiu mn hc: nm vng cch s dng dng c, thit b phng th nghim, x l cc kt qu thu c sau khi lm th nghim v t chc tin hnh cho bi th nghim Ti liu hc tp: K thut phng th nghim Trn Ngc Mai, L Ch Kin, Bi Th Phit NXB H&THCN, 1982 Bi ging
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Ni dung chi tit mn hc

Chng1: M u Chng 2: S o trong o lng Chng 3: Dng c o th tch v t trng Chng 4: Dng c o nhit , m, p sut, pH Chng 5: Mt s thit b thng thng Phng php s dng v hiu chun Chng 6: K thut an ton phng th nghim
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Chng 1: M u
Gii Qui

thiu mn hc v phng th nghim quan cc phng th nghim

ch lm vic trong phng th nghim

Tham

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Gii thiu mn hc v PTN

Nm

vng cc kin thc v k thut PTN kt qu TN thu c ng tin cy. PTN:

Rng ri, nh sng Trnh ni d b nhim Khng tp trung qu ng ngi H thng thng gi tt H thng ng dn nc

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Qui ch lm vic trong PTN

Lp

k hoch hp l cho cng vic ca mnh Tin hnh mi cng vic mt cch chnh xc v cn thn Cn lm vic nhanh nhng khng vi vng Tun theo mi bin php an ton vi cht c, cht d chy, cht n
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Tham quan cc PTN

Khi tham quan nhng PTN khc cn tm hiu tt c nhng ci mi trong cc phng tn dng nhng kinh nghim, bi v cch thc t chc PTN l do kinh nghim thc t ca nhiu ngi nghin cu

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Lab

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K thut phng th nghim

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Chng 2: S o trong o lng

2.1 Phng php s dng cn 2.2 Cch pha ch dung dch 2.3 Hiu chun mt s dung dch chun

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2.1 Phng php s dng cn

Ty

vo mc chnh xc khi cn:

Cn th ( chnh xc n gam) Cn chnh xc ( chnh xc t 1 n 10mg) Cn phn tch

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Cn th

C nhiu loi: cn n, cn a Trc khi cn phi kim tra v tr cn, sch ca a cn Cc vt liu cn t ln dng c: hp, mng, bnh, cc Khng lm ri ha cht ln cn

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Cn k thut

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Cn phn tch

chnh xc: 0,0001g Cn cn trc trn cn k thut bit khi lng gn ng, trnh qu ti cho cn PT

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Cn phn tch

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Cn phn tch

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2.2 Cch pha ch dung dch

Mi

cht c tan khc nhau. V d: CaSO4 c tan nhit phng l 0,77g/l (dung dch bo ha) Trc khi ha tan cht rn nn nghin nh (khng p dng vi nhng cht d ht m) S dng dung mi tinh khit pha ch Dng c pha ch phi c lm sch
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2.2 Cch pha ch dung dch

Cc dung dch pha ch xong cn kim tra li nng Bo qun dung dch sau khi pha: S dng cc dng c thch hp cha ng cc ha cht (chai mu, chai c cht liu thch hp)

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2.3 Hiu chun mt s dung dch

Ficxanal

(pha ch dung dch chun)

Thuc th (mui, axit, baz) c cn chnh xc, pha ch sn hm lng trong cc ampun thy tinh. Lng thuc th ny cn thit pha ch 1l dung dch nng 0,1N hoc 0,001N Dng Ficxanal trong trng hp cn pha ch nhanh nhng dung dch c nng chnh xc
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2.3 Hiu chun mt s dung dch

Chun li dung dch sau khi pha:

Dung dch chun l nhng dd mi pha ch Kim tra thng xuyn nng ca cc dd sau khi pha Nhng dung dch d chu tc ng ca nh sng ( AgNO3, KI) phi cha trong chai mu ti S dng nhng cht bit nng chnh xc chun Thao tc chun

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K thut phng th nghim

23 August 2011

K thut phng th nghim http://hoahocsp.tk

Chng 3: Dng c o th tch v t trng

3.1 Dng c o th tch 3.2 Dng c, phng php o t trng

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3.1 Dng c o th tch

Bnh nh mc Pipet Buret ng ong

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3.2 Dng c, phng php o t trng

T

trng (t khi) l t s gia khi lng ring ca mt cht vi khi lng ring ca mt cht khc nhng iu kin xc nh th xc nh t trng ca cht lng nh ph k, t trng k, cn c bit

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Xc nh t khi bng ph k

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o t trng

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Xc nh t khi bng ph k
Khi

s dng ph k cn ch :

Khng rt cht lng vo xilanh n mp Ch th ph k khi tay khi bit chc chn ph k c th ni c Ph k phi nm gia xilanh Sau khi xc nh ph k phi c ra sch

23 August 2011

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Xc nh t khi bng t khi k

Cn t khi k trng (P) Cn t khi k c nc ct (P2) Cn t khi k c cht lng nghin cu (P1) T khi ca cht lng l:

P P d 1 P2 P

23 August 2011

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K thut phng th nghim

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K thut phng th nghim http://hoahocsp.tk

Chng 4: Dng c o nhit , m, p sut, pH

4.1 Cch o nhit 4.2 Cch o m 4.3 Cch o p sut 4.4 Cch o pH ca mt s cht lng

23 August 2011

K thut phng th nghim http://hoahocsp.tk

4.1 Cch o nhit

Dng c o nhit : nhit k:

Nhit k co dn: o s bin thin th tch ca vt th khi nhit bin thin. Nhit k p sut: o s thay i ca p sut theo nhit Nhit k in Nhit k quang hc Nhit k ha hc

23 August 2011

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4.1 Cch o nhit

Khi o nhit ca cht lng cn ch :

Nhng nk vo cht lng sao cho n v tr gia thnh bnh, tuyt i khng nk chm vo thnh bnh Bu nhit k phi nhng hon ton trong cht lng Gi nk trong cht lng n khi no ct thy ngn ng yn Khi c s trn vch chia ca nk, mt phi t ngang hng vi thy ngn Sau khi o xong nk tr v n phng v lau sch nk
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23 August 2011

4.2 Cch o p sut

Dng c o p sut: p k

Dng c o p sut: barometer Da trn nguyn tc o lc tc dng ln mt n v din tch b mt. cn bng vi lc ny ngi ta dng cht lng hoc mt l xo Mun o chnh xc p sut phi xc nh nhit xung quanh
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23 August 2011

o p sut

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4.4 Cch o pH ca mt cht lng

Giy

ch th pH My o pH

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Giy pH

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o pH

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My pH

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10

K thut phng th nghim

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Chng 5: Mt s thit b thng thng Phng php s dng v hiu chun

5.1 Dng c thy tinh PTN Phng php lm sch dng c thy tinh 5.2 Xc nh sai s ca mt s dng c o th tch: pipet, bnh nh mc, buret 5.2 K thut lc, tch, chit 5.3 Chng ct
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5.1 Dng c thy tinh PTN Phng php lm sch dng c thy tinh
Dng

c thy tinh c cng dng chung

ng nghim Phu Phu chit ng nh git Cc Bnh cu y bng Bnh nn ng sinh hn

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ng nghim

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ng nghim

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Phu (funnel)

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Lc

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ng nh git

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Phu chit

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Chit

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Chit

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Chit

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Chit

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Mt s dng c thy tinh

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14

Trn Mai Lin

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15

Sinh hn

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16

5.1 Dng c thy tinh PTN Phng php lm sch dng c thy tinh
Dng

c thy tinh c cng dng ring

Bnh cu y trn Bnh kendan Bnh chng ct Bnh ht m Ct ct phn on Pipet Buret Bnh nh mc
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Pipet

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Pipet

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19

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Micropipet

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Buret, bnh nh mc

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22

Bnh ht m

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5.1 Dng c thy tinh PTN Phng php lm sch dng c thy tinh
Phng

php lm sch dng c thy tinh

Bit cht lm bn dng c S dng cht ha tan cht bn, to thnh cc hp cht d tan S dng cc cht hot ng b mt (x phng, cht ra tng hp) S dng phng php c hc (chi, c) Nn s dng ha cht r tin lm sch dng c
24

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Chi c

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PP c hc v l hc lm sch dng c

Ra bng nc: khi cht bn khng l nha, cht bo hoc cc cht khng tan trong nc Dng c thy tinh gi l sch khi trn b mt khng ng nhng git nc Sau khi ra sch, trng dng c bng nc ct 2, 3 ln Ra bng hi nc Ra bng dung mi hu c: ete dietylic, axeton, ru Lm sch nhng cht nha, cht khng tan trong nc
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PP ha hc lm sch dng c
Ra

bng hn hp sunfocromic: thm 5% (theo khi lng H2SO4) K2Cr2O7 tinh th nghin thnh bt vo H2SO4 c, un si trong ni cch thy cho tan Hn hp sunfocromic c dng rt lu, n khi mu vng chuyn thnh mu xanh en Ra bng dd KMnO4 4% Ra bng hh HCl v H2O2
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Dung dch ra

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5.2 Xc nh sai s ca mt s dng c o th tch (pipet, bnh nh mc, buret

Bt k mt dng c o th tch no trc khi s dng u phi kim tra li Ra sch dng c

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5.2 Xc nh sai s ca mt s dng c o th tch (pipet, bnh nh mc, buret

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Hiu chnh buret, pipet, bnh nh mc

Cch

xc nh:

Ly mt th tch chnh xc nc ct vo bng dng c cn kim tra Cn lng nc . T khi lng, t khi ca nc suy ra th tch Ch tin hnh php th nhit ghi trn dng c

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5.3 K thut lc, tch, chit

Lc: Cc yu t nh hng; nht, nhit , p sut, kch thc ht Vt liu lc:

Giy lc: thng ( khi lng tro 0,0003g/ t) v khng tn (khi lng tro 0,00007g/ t) Giy lc bng : lc nhanh, ng knh l 10mm Giy lc bng trng: lc trung bnh, ng knh l 3mm Giy lc bng xanh: lc mn, ng knh l 1 2,5mm

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5.3 K thut lc, tch, chit

Cc

k thut lc:

Lc thng Lc chn khng

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5.3 K thut lc, tch, chit

K

thut chit:

C s ca phng php: nh lut phn b Nguyn tc chit: chit nhiu ln bng lng nh dung mi tt hn so vi dng cng mt lc ton b lng dung mi v chit mt ln

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K thut chit

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5.3 Chng ct
Chng

ct di p sut thng:

p dng cho nhng cht khi un nng khng b phn hy, cht lng c nhit si khng qu cao Nhng im cn ch :
Dng c chng ct phi lp ng Nhng cht lng d chy cn un cch ngn la Nhit k lp dc theo bnh cu

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Chng ct

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5.3 Chng ct
Chng

ct chn khng:

p dng vi cht lng khi iu kin thng n c nhit si qu cao hoc khi un nng n nhit cao n b phn hy

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Chng ct

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K thut phng th nghim

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Chng 6: K thut an ton PTN

6.1 Hng dn lm vic vi cc cht c hi 6.2 Phng php cu cha s b 6.3 Phng php phng chy, cha chy trong PTN

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6.1 Hng dn lm vic vi cc cht c hi

Phi

lm vic trong t ht Lun c mt n phng c, gang tay, knh Bit qui tc v cp cu trong phng th nghim Khng c cht c dy ln tay Thu hi, x l cht c sau khi s dng, khng c x vo bn nc
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6.2 Phng php cu cha s b

Trong

PTN thng gp cc s c: t tay do thy tinh, bng do hc cht cn cp cu ngay. Nu chn thng c bit nghim trng thi a i bc s Nu b thng do thy tinh th phi gp thy tinh ra khi vt thng, bi ln vt thng dd iot 3%, bng vt thng li

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6.3 Phng php PCCC trong PTN

S

dng ng cch cc vt liu, ha cht d gy chy n Khng cc ha cht d bt chy gn cc dng c nh: bp in, l nung, n Nu xy ra chy cn s dng cc vt liu cha chy kp thi: nc, ct, CO2

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Cc du hiu thng gp trong PTN

Du hiu nguy him v in

Vt liu d chy

Du hiu cm la (cnh bo xung quanh ang c vt d chy)

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Cc du hiu thng gp trong PTN

Du hiu cht n mn: thng l nhng acid hoc baz. Chng nguy him cho da ca bn, cho cc mng nhy trong mi v c th nu ht phi. Cn dng nhng vt dng thch hp cha cc cht ny Du hiu bnh cha chy: nh du v tr t bnh cha chy

Du hiu ha cht c

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Cc du hiu thng gp trong PTN

Du hiu nc khng dng ung

Du hiu cnh bo cho mi trng.

Du hiu cht d n

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Cc du hiu thng gp trong PTN

Du hiu cht phng x

Du hiu cht c ha hc (thng thy trn cc container ha cht, cnh bo nguy him cho sc khe, d chy, n.)

Du hiu cht sinh hc nguy him cho vt cht t bo, c th sng

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