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08 Giao-Trinh-Hoa-Ly-Nang-Cao PDF
08 Giao-Trinh-Hoa-Ly-Nang-Cao PDF
H CH MINH
TRUNG TM CNG NGH HA
HA L NNG CAO
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
Mc lc
Ni dung
Trang
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
Li ni u
Nhit ng hc
Cn bng ha hc
ng hc
in ha
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
7.
8.
Tc gi bin son
1.
L Th Thanh Hng
2.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
BI 1: XC NH ENTAPY CA QU TRNH
HA HI CHT LNG
1.
Nguyn tc
Qu trnh ha hi ca cht lng xy ra khi hp th nhit. xc nh
Nhim v
-
4.
- Cobra3 unit
12150.00
- Ngun 12V/ 2A
12151.99
- Cp truyn d liu
14602.00
12102.00
- Software
14503.61
- u d nhit Pt
11759.01
04402.00
- Bnh bay hi
04405.00
- in tr
04450.00
13500.93
- Cp ni, l = 500mm
07361.05
- Bp khuy t
35720.93
- C t
35680.04
- Thanh , l = 500mm
02022.20
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Kp vn nng
37715.00
- Chn , h = 500mm
37692.00
- Cn 620g
48852.93
- Cn 3200g
48803.93
- ng h bm giy
03071.01
- Bnh an ton v p k
34170.88
02728.00
36134.00
39286.00
39282.00
- Bp cao su
39275.03
- Kp ng, d = 12 .20mm
40995.00
37003.00
- Xylanh 20 ml
02591.03
02597.04
- Bnh tia
33931.00
30007.25
- Metanol 500 ml
30142.50
- Nc ct
31246.81
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
5.
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t dng c nh hnh 1 nhng trong thi gian ny ng ni b
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
L thuyt
Khi cht lng c gia nhit p sut khng i (ng p) n nhit
H
Tv
(1)
'H = 'S.Tv
H
(1.1)
h
n
('h = - Qv)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ck
Wel
'Tel
C k .'Tv u
Wel u
(4.1)
M
m
Tv M
u
Tel m
(5)
(5.1)
Trong :
'TV: Chnh lch nhit ca nc trong sut qu trnh bay hi.
'Tel : Chnh lch nhit ca nc trong qu trnh cung cp in th.
Wel : Nhit lng cung cp to ra chnh lch nhit 'Tel.
Ck: Nhit dung ring ca dng c o nhit lng.
n : s mol cht bay hi.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
10
BI 2: TNG IM SI
1.
Hemholtz,
2.
Nguyn l
Nhit si ca dung dch lun lun cao hn nhit si ca dung
Nhim v
-
4.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
11
5.
- Dng c o tng im si
36820.00
13617.93
- u d nhit
11759.04
- B iu khin tc un
47557.01
- Bp un
32247.93
- Bnh cu 250ml
35812.15
- Becher 250ml
36004.00
- u ni, GL 25/8
41242.03
- ng silicon
39296.00
- Chn
37694.00
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Ngm kp
37715.00
- Ci v chy
32604.00
- pinchcock
43631.15
- Mung cc nh
33393.00
- Dng c p vin
04403.04
- Cn
48852.93
- Da cn
45019.05
- Phu
34459.00
- Pipet
36590.00
- Bp cao su
39275.03
- NaCl 500g
30155.50
- Ur tinh khit
30086.25
- Hydroquinone 250g
30089.25
- Glycerine, 250ml
30084.25
- Nc ct, 5l
31246.81
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t dung c nh hnh 1.
Sy kh v cn bnh bn trong, ghi khi lng (m1). t bnh trong vo
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12
L thuyt
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
13
Ps
Trong :
PS :p sut hi ca dung dch.
P0: p sut hi ca dung mi nguyn cht.
n1,n2: s mol ca dung mi v cht tan.
TS T0
Trong :
TS: nhit si dung dch.
T0: nhit si dung mi.
T
K S .m ct .1000
M ct .m dm
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14
BI 3: XC NH NHIT TO THNH CA NC
1.
Nguyn l
Entapy to thnh iu kin tiu chun c lp thnh bng tnh
Nhim v
Xc nh entapy to thnh ca nc bng cch t 100ml H2 trong
13670.93
- Dy ni 1m
07367.00
02615.00
- Clorimeter
02615.01
02617.00
- ng Silicon
39296.00
- hnh ch H
02009.55
02031.00
02032.00
02033.00
87997.01
38034.00
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
15
- Knh lp
64598.00
- C t
64598.00
46299.02
- Phu
34457.00
- Ca nha 1 lit
36640.00
- Cn
48852.93
- Bnh kh hydro
41775.00
- Bnh kh Oxy
41778.00
33482.00
41774.00
- ng cao su
39282.00
- Nc ct
31246.81
Lp t v vn hnh
5.
Lp t dng c nh hnh v:
t dng c o nhit lng vo ng bc thy tinh nh c m t
trong ti liu hng dn. t np dng c o nhit lng vo khp ni. Np
ca dng c o nhit lng c hai ng mao dn c b cong cc gc
bn phi ging nh cc ng dn kh, mt trong hai ng mao dn c
lp kht bng hai in cc platin. ng mao dn c in cc platin lun lun
phi nm bn di khi dng c o nhit lng lp t xong.
Cho nc vo ng ong xp x 500g, ri xc nh khi lng ca n
bng cn (m1). Cn thn nc vo ng bao ca dng c o nhit lng
thng qua 1 trong 2 ng ng pha trn ca dng c o nhit lng (bng
phu), ri cn li khi lng ca ng ong (m2). Tnh khi lng mH2O = m1
- m 2.
Cho c t vo ng bc bn ngoi ca dng c o nhit lng, cm
nhit k vo 2 ng ng ca ng ny. Ni dng c o nhit lng vi 3 xi
lanh kh bng van ba chiu v cn thn ni 2 u ng thy tinh bng ng
cao su silicon ngn. iu chnh cc nt dng ca gi xylanh sao cho th
tch ca n l 100ml.
Ni in cc ca dng c o nhit lng n b phn cung cp in
th bng cp ni. Bt ngun ca thit b cung cp in th, chc chn rng
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16
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
17
L thuyt
Nhit to thnh ca nc ('H) c nh ngha nh s thay i
p,T
Q cal
m i c i T
H 2O
.c H 2O C cal T
Trong :
m H 2O : khi lng ca nc trong dng c o nhit lng
-1
-1
PV
RT
Trong :
P: l p sut kh quyn (N.m2)
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
18
V: l th tch kh H2 (m3)
T: nhit phng
R: l hng s kh (= 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1)
S mol H2 trong 100ml kh (n = 4,065 mol) nhit T = 296,5K v p
sut l P = 100,1 KPa, 'T = 0,45K. Kt qu l nhit to thnh ca phn
ng l -277,1 KJ.mol-1 (gi tr = - 286 KJ.mol-1).
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19
BI 4: CN BNG LNG - HI
1.
Nguyn l
cc nhit khc nhau, p sut ring phn ca pha kh c to ra
do cht lng bay hi cng khc nhau. Nu p sut trn b mt cht lng
gim, cn bng lng hi c thit lp li bi s bay hi mt phn ca pha
lng.
3.
Nhim v
Xc nh nhit ha hi ca aceton bng cch o p sut hi ti cc
04402.00
13617.93
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
20
5.
- u d nhit Pt
11759.01
- ng bo v u d
11762.05
- Barometer
07136.00
- u d p sut
07136.01
39296.00
39298.00
- Chn ng h = 750mm
37694.00
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Bnh cu 3 c
35677.15
36701.65
- Van mt chiu
36705.00
34170.88
02728.00
39286.00
- ng ong 50 ml
36632.00
- Phu
34457.00
- Ca nha 1 lit
36640.00
Pipet
36590.00
Bp cao su
39275.03
Acetone 250 ml
30004.25
Gyxrin 250 ml
30084.25
Mui 500g
30155.50
Nc
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t dng c nh hnh v. Lp vo bnh cu 3 c mt van mt
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21
L thuyt
p sut hi ph thuc vo nhit v c m t bng phng trnh
Clapeyron - Clausius:
dP
dT
H V
T(Vg Vl )
Trong :
P: p sut hi
HV: entapy ca qu trnh bay hi
Vg, Vl: th tch ca pha kh v pha lng
T: nhit (0K)
Kt hp vi phng trnh trng thi kh l tng ta c:
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22
H V
RT 2
1 dP
P dT
dP
P
H V dT
R T2
lnP
H V
C
RT
ln
P2
P1
H V
R
1
1
T T
1
2
Hnh 2: th hm s lnP
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
1
f
T
23
BI 5: SC K KH
1.
thuyt), u d dn nhit.
2.
Nguyn tc
Qui trnh sc k cho php tch mt hn hp cc cht vi s c mt
Nhim v
-
4.
Cobra3 unit
Ngun cung cp 12V/2A
Cp truyn d liu
Software
Dy ni, l = 250mm mu
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
12153.00
12151.99
14602.00
14520.61
07360.01
1
1
1
1
1
24
07360.04
36670.99
36670.10
02615.00
36670.00
02615.03
36675.00
02009.55
37692.00
37697.00
37715.00
02607.00
02593.03
02598.04
36701.65
38056.00
03071.01
41776.00
41774.00
33481.00
08492.93
08492.01
08487.02
39286.00
39282.00
40995.01
40996.01
48852.93
35862.00
02728.00
34170.88
33398.00
34457.00
39275.03
36003.00
33499.00
41773.11
41773.12
31773.03
31514.04
31276.10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
7
2
1
25
Acetone 250ml
Ru etylic tuyt i 500ml
Etylacetat 250ml
Nc ct 5l
Dung dch x phng
30004.25
30008.50
30075.25
31246.81
Lp t v vn hnh
Chun b th nghim nh hnh 1.
Chun b pha tnh cho ct tch kh bng cch rt aceton vo 10g
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
26
Hnh 2: Cu to ca h thng sc k
Lp t ct tch vo trong ng bao thy tinh iu nhit v t chng
v tr thng ng bng hai kp thng nm bn tri thanh . Sau ni
vi b iu nhit tun hon nm trong b ln bng nha v c th tch l 6l
(b iu nhit ), vi ng bao thy tinh bn ngoi bng ng cao su sao cho
nc vo ng bao thy tinh bn ngoi t pha di. Dng nc chy xung
quanh ct tch v ra ngoi bng mt ng gn nh ct tch.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
27
28
Hnh 3: Dng c ly kh
n vo bu cao su c cha 2 ml dung dch x phng to mt t bt
x phng phn trn ca ng thy tinh. Kh i vo mang theo bong bng
ln trn ng. o thi gian mt bt bong bng i t im mc 0 n mc 5
hoc mc 10ml bng ng h bm giy. Tnh vn tc dng kh (ml/pht) t
gi tr ny. V d khi mt bt x phng ti mc 10 ml trong 15 giy, ta o
vn tc kh trong ct tch l 40 ml/pht.
y nc vo erlen c nhm. Ni ng thy tinh trn erlen vi bnh
kh (n-butane, iso butane, camping gas) bng ng cao su di. M van
kh i vo erlen, n to p lc y nc i vo phu nha gn pha trn
erlen. Sau khi y, ng ng vi nt y cao su. ngn khng cho kh b
p ra ngoi erlen do p sut ca nc tc ng ln n y phu bng nt
cao su. Nt ny s c ly ra sau .
6.
Qui trnh
29
chn Average over 1 valuve (nh hnh 5). Sau khi ng ca s ny chn
ch Displays. Ci t t -0,2 n 1V (nh hnh 6). Trong menu Digital
ci hin th Digital 1 l Voltage cc phn khc th off. Mn hnh hin th
ny ch ng vai tr iu khin.
Trong phn <Analog> chn <off> cho tt c cc hin th, trong khi
trong <Diagrams> chn <Line diagram> trong Diagram 1, chn <Voltage>
trong Diagram 1a v chn <off> trong Diagram 1b v 1c. Ci t ch <0 300s> v chn <Scroll> (nh hnh 7). ng ca s ny. Kt thc ci t
bng <Continue>.
Sau mn hnh hin th o c m. M rng s sao cho chim
khong 2/3 din tch mn hnh. hin th s din tch bn di ca mn
hnh. Cc gi tr o c kim sot ti y.
Bt cng tc iu khin vi pht trc khi bt u o (nh, ch bt khi
kh mang chy qua, trnh trng hp qu nhit u d). Gi nt Grob
v tr mt lt, sau iu chnh n gi tr ng nn 0V. Sau 3 pht,
kim tra li mn hnh hin th. Nu cc gi tr o thay i nhiu, th nhn nt
Grob 1 ln na. Nu vn cha t ta vn nt Fein t gi tr xp x 0
(V).
M van Heli v s dng dng c o bt x phng (vi bu cao su cha
1-2 ml dung dch x phng) iu chnh tc dng Heli 30 ml/ph
(10ml/20s). n vo bu cao su to v nh v bt x phng.
Hnh 4
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
30
Hnh 5
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
31
Hnh 6
Hnh 7
6.2. Tch hn hp etanol v etyl acetat
Dng 2 ng tim (1 ml) ly mi cht etanol v etylacetat 1ml cho vo l
nh c np. Hn hp ny c cha trong l nh c th bo qun c
mt thi gian ngn dng sau ny. Thc hin qu trnh tch kh 800C.
Ci t b iu chnh nhit n nhit ny v i cho n khi cp nhit
cm trong v ngoi bng thy tinh (glass jacket) n nh 800C. Qui
trnh tch sc k kh tip theo hon ton tng t nh m t trong phn 1.
Ht 5Pl hn hp, khng c bong bng, vo trong ng tim 10Pl. Bt u o,
cn thn a kim tim vo su xuyn qua septum, dng tay cn li p
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32
L thuyt:
Qu trnh tch sc k ca hn hp cc cht xy ra gia pha tnh l pha
a IA
a IIA
K: h s phn b Nernst
L
H
Trong :
N: S mm l thuyt
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33
L: chiu di ct
H: chiu cao tng ng mi mm l thuyt.
Chiu cao mm l thuyt c tnh ton trc tip t sc k . Hnh 9
miu t c im v s lng ci m c th c t sc k . Cng
ca tn hiu l mt hm theo thi gian. Thi gian ng l thi gian m kh
khng c ct gi li cn i qua ct. T sc k chiu cao tng ng
ca mm l thuyt c th xc nh c. chnh l kh nng tch ca ct.
H
b2L
16t2 R
Hnh 8
Hnh 9
Cng ca tn hiu
t0:
thi gian bt u
tm:
L thuyt v kt qu
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
34
Hnh10
Hnh 12
Hnh 11
Hnh 13
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
35
220C
Tc dng kh mang
30 ml/pht,He
Tng lng kh bm vo
1 ml kh/ hn hp kh
36
Hnh14
Hnh 15
Hnh 16
Nhit ct tch
Tc dng kh mang:
800C
30ml/pht, He
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
37
Nhng iu cn ch
Vic s dng sc k tch cc cht c chng minh l mt
38
Hnh 17
Hnh 18
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39
1.
Nguyn l
Trong dung dch axit, CH3COOC2H5 thy phn thnh C2H5OH v
Nhim v
4.
40
08492.93
08492.01
- B iu nhit, 6l
08487.02
- ng cao su d = 6mm
39282.00
07050.00
- u d nhit NiCr-Ni
13615.03
- ng h bm giy
03071.01
- Bp iu nhit c khuy t
35720.93
- C t l = 15mm
46299.01
- C t l = 30mm
462.99.02
- Thanh l = 500mm
02022.05
- Thanh l = 750mm
37694.00
- Buret, 50ml
37720.00
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Kp vn nng
37715.00
- ng ong 100 ml
36629.00
36552.00
- Pipet 5ml
36577.00
- Pipet 100ml
36582.00
- Bp cao su
39275.03
46245.00
36134.00
36424.00
- Nt cao su 17/22mm
39258.00
- Becher 250 ml
36013.00
34457.00
33931.00
- CH3COOH, 250ml
30075.25
48454.70
48329.70
31714.10
- Nc tinh khit 5l
31246.81
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
41
5.
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t dng c nh hnh v.
Chun b dung dch NaOH 0,2M bng cch ly 200 ml dung dch NaOH
L thuyt
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5 OH
Tc phn ng:
vR
dCE
dt
k.CE .CW.CK
Vi:
k: hng s tc phn ng.
CE, C W, CK: nng ca este, nc v xc tc ti thi im t.
V nng H2O v H3O+ l khng i, v vy ta c:
dC E
dt
k 'C E
Ly tch phn 2 v, ta c:
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
42
ln
C E,0
CE
k't
VNaOH,f VNaOH,0
VNaOH,f VNaOH
lnQ
k,t
Trong :
VNaOH, f : th tch NaOH dng chun thi im t = f
VNaOH,0 : th tch NaOH dng chun thi im bt u
VNaOH : th tch NaOH dng chun thi im t.
Th tch VNaOH, 0 v VNaOH, f c th c xc nh bng th nghim
hoc c tnh bng cch s dng cc phng trnh sau:
VNaOH,0
Trong :
V1: th tch mu (= 5ml)
CHCl: nng dung dch HCl (= 1M)
CNaOH: nng dung dch NaOH (= 0,2M)
VNaOH,f
E .VE .V1
VNaOH,0
M E .VS .C NaOH
Trong :
UE: khi lng ring ca este
ME: phn t lng este
VE: th tch dung dch este
VS: th tch ca dung dch (= 105ml) ti thi im t0.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
43
'
k 0 .e
EA
RT
Trong :
R: Hng s kh (= 8,31441 J.mol-1.K-1)
kmax : Hng s trc ly tha
i vi 2 cp gi tr bit c hng s vn tc k1 v k2 tng ng vi
nhit T1 v T2.
lnk '
EA
lnk 0
RT
lnk 1'
EA
lnk 0
RT1
lnk '2
EA
lnk 0
RT2
Ta c:
Suy ra:
EA
T1 .T2
k ,2
R
u ln '
T2 T1
k1
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
44
BI 7: VN TC PHN NG TH HALOGEN
1.
2.
Nguyn tc
Cc nhm halogen alkyl phn ng trao i halogen nhanh trong dung
Nhim v
-
4.
45
5.
- Thit b o dn
13701.93
- u d nhit v dn
13701.01
- Bp khuy t
35720.93
- Dng c ci t nhit
35721.00
- C t, l = 25mm
46300.01
- C t, l = 50mm
46299.03
- ng h bm giy
03071.01
- Da cn
03065.20
- Thanh , l = 750mm
02023.20
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Kp vn nng
37715.00
46245.00
- Bnh cu 3 c
35677.15
- ng sinh hn
35815.15
36701.65
- Septum
02615.03
- Cn
48852.93
- ng ong 100ml
36629.00
- Xylanh 1ml
02593.03
02599.04
- Pipet
36590.00
- Bp cao su
39275.03
- Phu
34472.00
- Beaker 50 ml
36001.00
- Mung
33398.00
39282.00
- Kp ng, d = 812mm
40996.01
31756.25
- NaI 50g
31634.05
- Aceton 250ml
30004.25
Lp t v vn hnh
Th nghim c lp t nh hnh 1. Rt 100ml aceton vo bnh cu
46
L thuyt
Phn ng Finkelstein tin hnh theo c ch phn ng SN2
C3H7Br + I- =
C3H7I + Br-
Trong :
dC PrBr
dt
kC PrBr C I
(1)
k l hng s tc phn ng
CPrBr, CI- l nng propyl bromide v ion I- ti thi
gian t
V nng u ca C3H7Br v NaI bng nhau (CPrBr,0 = CNaI,0), nn
phng trnh c th c vit nh sau:
dC PrBr
dt
kC 2I
kC 2PrBr
(2)
kt
1
C PrBr,0
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
(3)
47
(4)
Hnh 3: th nng theo thi gian (CPrBr = CI- = CNaI) ca phn ng gia
propyl bromide vi I xc nh bc phn ng, v th
1
C PrBr
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
- t
48
1
C PrBr
v t c minh ha hnh 4 ti
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
49
BI 8: DN IN TRONG CHT RN
1.
2.
Nguyn tc
Xc nh in tr ca cht rn ph thuc vo nhit , n cho bit c
Nhim v
Xc nh h s nhit in tr i vi dy st, ng v dy
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
50
Nt
mu
trng
Nt mu
vng
sensor
dy mu
dy mu
dy mu xanh
Hnh 2: S lp mch in
- Cobra3 Unit
12150.00
12151.99
14602.00
14504.61
07050.00
- u d nhit NiCr-Ni
13615.05
13500.93
- Bp khuy t
35720.93
- C t, l = 30mm
46299.02
- Thanh , l = 500mm
02022.20
- Thanh , l = 250mm
02031.00
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Kp vn nng
37715.00
- Pin cch in
07807.00
- Dy ni, l = 500mm, mu
07361.01
- Dy ni, l = 750mm, mu
07362.01
07362.04
- Becher 1000ml
36017.00
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
51
5.
- Ko
64798.00
- Dy ng
06106.00
- Dy st
06104.00
- Dy constantan
06100.00
- Nc ct
31246.81
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t thit b th nghim nh hnh 1 v hnh 2.
Chun b 3 mu dy kim loi. Tip theo ct mu dy th nht di 30cm
Hnh 3
Di diagram 1 chn <Calculated Channel> t 0 - 5 Ohm, gii hn X:
0 - 15 v <no auto range>. Sau khi thc hin nhng bc trn nhn
<Continue> chp nhn cc gi tr c ci t. Sp xp cc hin th
nh bn mong mun.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
52
Hnh 4
Hnh 5 - 7 cho thy in tr ca 3 thanh kim loi ph thuc vo nhit
. Di <Display options> ta c th chn <Hide curve> v thay vo s
xut hin ng thng hi quy.
6.
L thuyt
dn in trong cht rn ph thuc vo kiu lin kt cc thnh phn
53
U
I
(1)
Trong :
U: hiu in th (V)
I: Cng dng in (A)
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
54
R T2 R T1
R T1 T2 T1
(2)
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
55
1 dR
u
R dT
(3)
1 R
u
R C T
(4)
Trong :
RC : in tr nhit phng
R
: dc ca ng thng
T
: H s nhit ca in tr
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
56
1.
Nguyn tc
Phng trnh Nernst pht biu th in cc ca pin ph thuc vo
Nhim v
-
4.
3
, Fe 2
ti nhit th nghim.
57
- pH - meter
13702.93
18475.00
- ng bo v in cc platin
45206.00
- Dy ni, l = 500mm, en
07361.05
- in cc Pt
13702.01
- My khuy t
47334.93
- C t
46299.02
- Chn , h = 750mm
37694.00
- Kp gc phi
37697.00
- Kp vn nng
37715.00
- Thanh 2 in cc
45284.01
- Kp gi buret
03065.20
- Buret 50ml
36517.01
- Cn phn tch
48802.93
- Da cn
45019.05
- Becher 100ml
36002.00
- Becher 150ml
36003.00
- Bnh nh mc 1000ml
36552.00
- Pipette 50ml
36581.00
34457.00
34459.00
- Mung
33398.00
- Bp cao su
39275.03
- Bnh tia
33931.00
- K4 [Fe(CN)6]: 250g
30101.25
- K3 [Fe(CN)4]: 100g
30100.10
- Nc ct
31246.81
5.
in cc so snh Ag/AgCl/Cl-
Lp t v vn hnh
Lp t th nghim nh hnh 1.
Chun b dung dch cho th nghim nh sau:
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
58
(ml)
( ml)
(ml)
( ml)
49
20
30
48
12
38
46
43
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
59
6.
(ml)
( ml)
(ml)
( ml)
43
46
38
12
48
30
20
49
25
25
L thuyt
Pin in ha c s dng y, in cc Ag /AgCl/ Cl- c dng
lm in cc so snh cung cp mt in th c nh xc nh th ca
in cc oxy ha kh.
in cc bc clorua gm c mt si dy Ag c bao ph bi AgCl v
c nhng trong dung dch KCl c nng xc nh.
in cc oxi ho - kh l cp Fe(III)/ Fe(II):
[Fe(CN)6]3- + e- =
[Fe(CN)6]4-
(1)
(2a)
Pe(kl) = Pe + FMdd
(2b)
PY(dd) = PY + (z-n)FMdd
(2c)
Vi:
Mdd: in th ca dung dch
M(kl): in th ca in cc kim loi tr
P i: ha th ca cu t i
Kt hp phng trnh (1) v (2), ta c:
X z Y(z n) n e
nF dd nF kl
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
(3)
60
S chch lch in th 'M gia dung dch v kim loi c biu din:
1
( Z Y (z -n) n e )
nF x
M dd M kl
(4)
0Xz RT.lna X Z
Xz
Y(z-n)
(5a)
(5b)
a z
1 0
RT
X z 0Y(z n) n e
ln X
nF
nF a Y(z n)
(6)
E Fe3 ,Fe2
E 0Fe3 ,Fe2
RT a X z
ln
nF a Y (z n)
(7)
E 0Fe3 ,Fe2
>
>
RT Fe 3
ln
nF
Fe 2
@
@
Th in cc ca in cc m:
E Ag/AgCl/Cl
E 0t
E 025
E 0Ag/AgCl/Cl
RT
ln Cl nF
> @
dE
t 25
dt
E pin
E 0Fe3 ,Fe 2
>
>
@
@
RT Fe 3
ln
E Ag/AgCl/Cl
nF
Fe 2
(8)
61
3
, Fe 2
E Ag/AgCl/Cl = 172
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
62
BI 1: XC NH ENTAPY CA QU TRNH
HA HI CHT LNG
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
Kt qu o:
Cht bay hi
Nhit lng
Wel (J)
'TV
'Tel
Dietyl eter
Metanol
2.
Xc nh nhit ha hi C2H5OC2H5
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63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
Xc nh nhit ha hi CH3OH.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
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64
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
65
9.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
66
BI 2: TNG IM SI
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
Kt qu o:
-
m1
m2
Khi lng
cht tan (mg)
m ct
m dm
TS
TS
KS
1
2
3
4
5
2.
V th TS m ct
K m
S dm
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67
3.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
Ti sao khng un si trc tip dung dch cha cht tan trn bp in
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
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68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
Ti sao khi cho cht tan vo th nhit si li gim sau mt thi gian
mi tng tr li?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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69
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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70
BI 3: XC NH NHIT TO THNH CA NC
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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71
3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
72
6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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73
BI 4: CN BNG LNG - HI
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
Kt qu th nghim:
Stt
p sut P
(hPa)
Nhit T
(0K)
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
lnP
1
T
74
Stt
p sut P
(hPa)
Nhit T
(0K)
lnP
1
T
1
T
2.
V th: lnP f
3.
T h s gc (
H V
) ca ng thng hnh 2, xc nh H ca
R
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
76
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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77
BI 5: SC K KH
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
2.
Li ph
Xc nh sc k ca cc hn hp sau:
-
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78
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
79
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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80
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
U E .VE .V1
VNaOH,0
M E .VS .C NaOH
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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81
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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83
BI 7: VN TC PHN NG TH HALOGEN
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
dn in ring
ca NaI (mS/cm)
Nng ca NaI
(mol/l)
1
2
3
4
5
2.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
84
3.
Thi
gian (s)
dn in
ring ca NaI
N (mS/cm)
Nng cn li
ca NaI (mol/l)
Nng cn li
ca C3H7Br (mol/l)
1
2
3
4
5
4.
V th CPrBr - t.
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
85
5.
V th
6.
C PrBr
t .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
86
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Ti sao ta phi dng kim tim dung dch propyl bromua vo bnh cu?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
87
BI 8: DN IN TRONG CHT RN
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
Kt qu o RC ti nhit phng:
Ln o
(ni)
Ri (St)
Ri (ng)
Ri (Constantan)
: 1 .cm-1
: 1 .cm-1
: 1 .cm-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
88
Ln o
(ni)
Ri (St)
Ri (ng)
Ri (Constantan)
: 1 .cm-1
: 1 .cm-1
: 1 .cm-1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
RC
2.
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
89
Ln o
(ni)
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
R
R
2.3. Tnh h s gc ng thng :
T
T
n
i
1 R
u
R C T
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
90
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
91
Ln o
(ni)
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
R
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92
R
3.3. Tnh h s gc ng thng :
T
4.
T
n
i
1 R
u
R C T
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
93
Ln o
(ni)
Ti
Ri
'Ri
'Ti
(R2 R1)
(T2 T1)
R
)i
T
19
20
R
T =
T =
R
4.3. Tnh h s gc ng thng :
T
5.
T
n
i
1 R
u
R C T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
95
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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96
H v tn sinh vin :
im
1.
Li ph
Kt qu th nghim
Nhit (0C) th nghim:
Dung dch Fe (II)
(ml)
( ml)
49
48
46
43
38
12
30
20
25
25
20
30
12
38
43
46
48
http://hhud.tvu.edu.vn
3
>
FeCN 6 @
ln
>FeCN 6 @4
Sc in ng
(mV)
97
(ml)
( ml)
49
ln
>FeCN 6 @3
>FeCN 6 @4
Sc in ng
(mV)
3
>
FeCN 6 @
ln
:
>FeCN 6 @4
2.
V th Epin -
3.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.
3
, Fe 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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98
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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99
PH LC
in cc
Phn ng in cc
E 0298 (V)
dE 0
10 3
dt
(V/)
Li+/ Li
K+/ K
2+
Ca / Ca
Na+/ Na
Mg2+/ Mg
Al3+/ Al
2+
Mn / Mn
Zn2+/ Zn
Cr3+/ Cr
Fe2+/ Fe
3+
2+
Fe , Fe / Pt
2+
Ni / Ni
H+/ H2, Pt
Sn4+, Sn2+/ Pt
Cu2+/ Cu
2+
Hg2 / Hg
Hg2+/ Hg
Ag+/ Ag
Ag, AgCl, Cl-
Hg, Hg2Cl2, Cl
Li+ + e = Li
-3,045
-0,534
K+ + e = K
-2,925
-1,080
Ca2+ + 2e = Ca
-2,866
-0,175
Na+ + e = Na
-2,714
-0,772
Mg2+ + 2e = Mg
-2,363
+0,103
Al3+ + 3e = Al
-1,662
+0,504
Mn2+ + 2e = Mn
-1,180
-0,080
Zn2+ + 2e = Zn
-0,763
+0,091
Cr3+ + 3e = Cr
-0,744
+0,468
Fe2+ + 2e = Fe
-0,440
+0,052
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
+0,771
+1,188
Ni2+ + 2e = Ni
-0,250
+0,060
H+ + e = 1/2H2
+0,000
0,000
Sn4+ + 2e = Sn2+
+0,150
Cu2+ + 2e = Cu
+0,337
+0,008
Hg22+ + 2e = 2Hg
+0,788
Hg2+ + 2e = Hg
+0,854
Ag+ + e = Ag
+0,799
+1,000
AgCl + e = Ag + Cl-
+0,222
1/2Hg2Cl2 + e = Hg + Cl-
+0,268
+0,615
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100