1.1 Tm hiu v VoIP 1.1.1 Gii thiu VoIP VoIP l t vit tt ca Voice over Internet Protocol.

y l mt thut ng dng ch cch thc m thanh c truyn i thng qua cc gi tin IP thng qua internet.VoIP c th s dng phn cng h tr thc hin cc cuc gi nh s ni b,ng di,di ng hay quc t v c th c s dng trong mt mi trng PC hay loi in thoi qua IP c bit(IP phone). VoIP cho php thc hin cuc gi dng my tnh qua mng d liu internet.VoIP chuyn i tn hiu thoi t in thoi tng t(analog)vo tn hiu s(digital)trc khi truyn qua internet,sau chuyn i ngc li u nhn.khi to mt cuc gi VoIP dng in thoi vi mt b iu hp,chng ta s nghe m thanh mi gi,quay s s din ra sau tin trnh ny.VoIP cng cho php to mt cuc gi trc tip t my tnh dng mt loi in thoi tng ng hoc dng microphone. VoIP cho php to cuc gi ng di qua mng IP c sn thay v phi c truyn qua mng PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network).Ngy nay nhiu cng ty thc hin gii php VoIP ca h gim chi ph cho nhng cuc gi ng di gia nhiu chi nhnh khc nhau. 1.1.2 VoIP hot ng nh th no? Cch y nhiu nm chng ta khm ph ra cch gi tn hiu n mt my ch xa bng tn hiu s bng cch: trc khi gi,chng ta s s ha tn hiu bng ADC(Analog to Digital Converter-Thit b chuyn i tn hiu tun t sang tn hiu s)sau truyn i v ti u nhn s chuyn i ngc li vi DAC(Digital to Analog Converter-Thit b chuyn i tn hiu s sang tn hiu tun t) s dng. VoIP cng lm vic ging nh vy,s ha m thanh thnh cc gi d liu,gi d liu i v chuyn i chng li thnh dng m thanh ti u nhn. Khi ni vo ng nghe hay microphone,ging ni s to ra tn hiu in t, l tn hiu analog.Tn hiu analog s c chuyn i sang tn hiu s nh vo mt s thut ton c bit chuyn i.Nhng tn hiu khc nhau s c cch chuyn i khc nhau nh VoIP phone hay softphone,nu dng in thoi analog thng thng th cn mt TA(Telephone Adapter),sau ging ni c s ha s c ng thnh gi tin v c gi qua mng IP. nh dng s c th c iu khin tt hn:chng ta c th nn,nh tuyn,chuyn i n sang nh dng mi v hn na tn hiu s th t nhiu hn tn hiu analog. Mc d khi nim v VoIP l n gin nhng thc hin v ng dng VoIP l phc tp. gi voice,thng tin phi c tch bit thnh nhng gi(packet)ging nh d liu.Gi l nhng phn thng tin c chia nh d dng cho vic gi gi cng nh c th dng k thut nn gi tit kim bng thng thng qua nhng tin trnh codec(compressor/de_compressor). 1.2 Li ch v cc giao thc trong VoIP

1.2.1 Li ch ca VoIP Cng ngh VoIP em li nhng li ch ch yu sau: Gim chi ph: Mt gi cc chung s c thc hin vi mng internet v do tit kim ng k cc dch v thoi v fax.S chia s chi ph thit b,k nng ca nhng ngi s dng v d liu lm tng cng hiu qu s dng mng. n gin ha: Mt c s h tng tch hp h tr tt c cc hnh thc thng tin cho php chun ha tt hn v gim thiu cc thit b,c th h tr ti u ha bng tng ng. Tnh thng nht: Vic s dng thng nht giao thc IP cho tt c cc ng dng ha hn gim bt tnh phc tp v tng cng tnh mm do.Cc ng dng lin quan c th c chia s d dng hn(nh dch v danh b,an ninh mng). Nng cao ng dng: Thoi v fax l cc li ch ban u ca VoIP,cc li ch c mong i l cc ng dng a phng tin v a dch v . 1.2.2 Cc u im ca VoIP so vi PSTN Khi bn dng ng truyn PSTN,bn phi tr ph thi gian s dng cho nh cung cp dch v PSTN: s dng cng nhiu bn phi tr cng nhiu.Thm vo bn khng th ni vi nhiu ngi khc nhau ti cng thi im. Vi k thut VoIP, bn c th ni chuyn ton thi gian vi ngi m bn mun(iu cn thit l nhng ngi khc cng phi kt ni internet ti cng thi im),cho n khi no bn mun(khng ph thuc vo chi ph) v thm vo ,bn c th ni chuyn vi nhiu ngi ti cng mt thi im. Trc y khi da vo giao tip thoi trn PSTN,trong sut kt ni gia hai im,ng kt ni ch dnh ring cho bn thc hin cuc gi.Khng c thng tin khc c th truyn qua ng truyn ny mc d vn tha lng bng thng sn dng. Nhng ngy nay, iu khng cn l vn na, vi s pht trin nhanh chng v c s dng rng ri ca IP,chng ta tin rt xa trong kh nng gim chi ph trong vic h tr truyn thoi v d liu.Gii php tch hp thoi vo mng d liu,v cng hot ng bn cnh vi h thng PBX hin ti hay nhng thit b in thoi khc n gin cho vic m rng kh nng thoi cho nhng v tr xa.Traffic thoi thc cht s dc mang t do(free)bn trn c s h tng v thit b phn cng c sn. 1.2.3 Nhc im ca VoIP Nhc im th nht chnh l cht lng ca dch v.Khi truyn thoi qua mng s liu th c th cho cht lng thp v khng th xc nh trc c.Kh nng mt thng tin trn mng l hon ton c

th xy ra.V v trc khi truyn gi tin b nn li tit km ng truyn cng lm cho cht lng khng cao,v thi gian x l lu di,gy tr. Mt nhc im na l ting vng.V thi gian x l lu nn ting vng nh hng ln n cht lng cuc gi.V vy ting vng l mt vn cn gii quyt.