VELEUILITE

PROMETNI ODJEL

No Name

BARIJERE

ZA

ZATITU

SEMINARSKI RAD

Hrvatska, 2010.

OD

PROME

1. UVOD
=DWLWDRGEXNHRGSURPHWDX+UYDWVNRMVHXXUEDQLPVUHGLQDPDSURYRGLVSRUDGLQR
prvenstveno u SRGUXMLPDX]SURPHWQLFHJGMHVXUD]LQHEXNHL]QLPQRYLVRNHLJGMHVX
VHSULPMHGEHORNDOQRJVWDQRYQLWYDXSXHQHJUDGVNLPYODVWLPDYLHJRGLQDXHVWDOR
ponavljale.
,DNRQLMHODQLFD(XURSVNHXQLMH5HSXEOLNDMH+UYDWVNDXVYRMLODUHJXODWLYXNRMDVH
odnosi QD]DWLWXRGEXNHYODVWLWX]DNRQVNHDNWHXVNODGLODVHV(XURSVNLPWHSULKYDWLOD
YLHRGVWRWLQXHXURSVNLKQRUPLL]RYRJSRGUXMD8QDWRWRPHX+UYDWVNRMVH]DWLWD
od buke od prometa, posebice u gusto naseljenim urbanim sredinama rijetko provodi.
SituDFLMDMHSRWSXQRUD]OLLWDXVOXDMXSUHNRPMHUQLKUD]LQDEXNHQDVHOMHQLKSRGUXMD
X]QRYRL]JUDHQHDXWRFHVWH
2VLP]LGRYDJUDHYLQH]D]DWLWXRGEXNHRGSURPHWDPRJXVHL]YRGLWLXREOLNX
nasada ili nasipa (sa ili bez zidova). No, najrasprostranjeniji je REOLN]DWLWH]LGRYL
NRMLVHSRVWDYOMDMXQHSRVUHGQRX]SURPHWQLFX7RVXOLQLMVNHJUDHYLQHL]YHGHQHRG
UD]OLLWLKPDWHULMDODSODVWLNDPLQHUDOQDYXQDNDPHQEHWRQGUYRPHWDOVWDNORLWG
1DUDYQRQLMHGRYROMQRQDSUDYLWLELORNDNYXEDULMHUXL]PHX kolnika i naselja da bi
RQDLQLODXLQNRYLWRWHHVWHWVNLLWHKQLNLRSUDYGDQRUMHHQMH.DNREL]DWLWDRGEXNH
ELODXLQNRYLWDJUDHYLQDWUDMQDLMHGQRVWDYQD]DRGUDYDQMHPRUDMXELWL]DGRYROMHQL
zahtjevi koji se odnose na sposobnost apsorpcije zvuka, PHKDQLNXRWSRUQRVWL
VWDELOQRVWRWSRUQRVWQDVPU]DYDQMHGMHORYDQMHVROLSRDULVO2VLPQDYHGHQLK
]DKWMHYDEDULMHUH]D]DWLWXRGEXNHPRUDMX]DGRYROMLWLLHVWHWVNHNULWHULMHYH]DQR]D
XNODSDQMDXRNROLNRMLHXYHOLNHXWMHFDWLQDRGDELUWLSDEDULMHre odnosno vrste
PDWHULMDODRGNRMHJHEDULMHUDELWLL]UDHQD

2. AKUSTINA SVOJSTVA
2SHQLWRSRVWRMHGYDWLSDDNXVWLQLKEDULMHUDHIOHNWLUDMXHLDSVRUELUDMXH2VQRYQD
UD]OLNDL]PHXRYDGYDWLSDEDULMHUDMHWDWRUHIOHNWLUDMXHRGELMDMX]YXQHYDORYHEH]
VPDQMHQMDQMLKRYRJLQWHQ]LWHWDGRNDSVRUELUDMXHXSLMDMXGLR]YXQHHQHUJLMHL
UHIOHNWLUDMX]YXQLYDOVPDQMHQRJLQWHQ]LWHWD
$NXVWLNHEDULMHUHNDRQXDQXYMHWPRUDMX]DGRYROMLWL]DKWMHYHXSRJOHGX]DWLWHRG
buke, a to su: DGHNYDWQD]YXQDL]RODFLMD5ZDGHNYDWQDDSVRUSFLMD]YXND/
=YXQDL]RODFLMDEDULMHUHXYMHWRYDQDMHSRWUHEQRPUHGXNFLMRPEXNHNRGWLHQLK
REMHNDWD=D]YXQXL]RODFLMXEDULMHUDSRVWDYOMDVHNULWHULMGD5ZPRUDELWLPLQLPDOQR
24 dB za sve vrste barijera.
$SVRUSFLMD]YXNDEDULMHUDXYMHWRYDQDMHSRWUHERP]DRJUDQLDYDQMHPEXNHQD
VXSURWQRMVWUDQLRGWLHQHDXNROLNRVHWDPRWDNRHUQDOD]HJUDHYLQHNRMHWUHED
WLWLWLRGEXNH$SVRUELUDMXHEDULMHUHXSUDYLOXVHL]YRGHNDRQHSUR]LUQHGRN
reflektirajuHPRJXELWLL]YHGHQHRGQHSUR]LUQLKDOLLSUR]LUQLKPDWHULMDOD3UR]LUQH
WUDQVSDUHQWQHEDULMHUHLDNRVDPRGMHORPLFHRJUDQLDYDMXYL]XUXHVWRVHERMDMXQD
UD]OLLWHQDLQHLOL]DVMHQMXMXDXFLOMXVPDQMLYDQMDQMLKRYHSUR]LUQRVWL
=YXNRDEVRUELUDMXHEDULMHUHNDRSRYULQVNHVDGUHHOHPHQWHRGSRUR]QLKPDWHULMDOD
NRMLDEVRUELUDMXEXNX8QXWUDQMRVWWDNRYLKEDULMHUDRELQRMHLVSXQMHQDPDQMH
UREXVQLPPDWHULMDOLPDNDRWRMHSULPMHULFHPLQHUDOQDYXQDSULHPXPDWHULMDOL
LVSXQHWUHEDMXELWL]DWLHQLRGJRYDUDMXLPIROLMDPDXFLOMXVSULMHDYDQMDQMLKRYRJ
propadanja.

3. PODJELA ZIDOVA
IZVEDBE

ZA

ZATITU OD

BUKE

PREMA M

=LGRYL]D]DWLWXRGEXNHPRJXELWLL]UDHQLRGUD]OLLWLKPDWHULMDODRYLVQRR
WHKQLNLPLHVWHWVNLP]DKWMHYLPDDOLLNOLPDWVNLPuvjetima. U nastavku je dan pregled
]LGRYD]D]DWLWXRGEXNHRYLVQRRPDWHULMDOLPDRGNRMLKVXL]UDHQLWHMHXND]DQRQD
prednosti i nedostatke njihove primjene ovisno, kako o materijalu iz kojeg su izvedeni
WDNRLRSRGUXMXSULPLMHQH

3.1.Drveni zidovi
'UYRVHXQHNLPHXURSVNLP]HPOMDPDYUORHVWRSULPMHQMXMHNDRPDWHULMDO]DL]UDGX
]LGRYD]D]DWLWXRGEXNH6OLQLVXYLVRNLPYUWQLPRJUDGDPDDVYRMLPVHGL]DMQRPX
UXUDOQLPSRGUXMLPDGREURXNODSDMXXRNROLQX5LMHHVHL]YRGHXXUEDQLPVUHGLQDPa,
LDNRVHSRQHNDGLWDPRPRJXGREURXNORSLWL=DPMHWQRMHGDVHHHL]YRGHX
NRQWLQHQWDOQLPSRGUXMLPDQHJRXSULREDOMXJGMHGRPLQLUDMXNDPHQLPDWHULMDOL
$NRVHSULPLMHQMXMXXJUDGRYLPDXQHSRVUHGQRMEOL]LQLVWDPEHQLKLSMHDNLK]RQD
trebaju biti prLURGQLKLVYMHWOLKERMDNDNRVHQHELVWYDUDOH]RQHVMHQDLOLPUDQH]RQH
koje izazivaju nelagodu. Na takvim se mjestima drveni zidovi kombiniraju sa
WUDQVSDUHQWQLPLPHVHSRVWLHEROMDRVYMHWOMHQRVWLYLGOMLYRVW8NRPELQDFLMLV
JXPHQLPPDWHULMDOLPDLQH YUORGREDU]YXNRDSVRUELUDMXLVLVWHP
Drvene zidove uputno je izbjegavati na vijaduktima i mostovima. Na tim mjestima,
RQLGMHOXMXUXQRRVWDYOMDMXLGRMDP]DWYRUHQRVWLEH]RE]LUDQDGHWDOMHNRMLVHQDQMLPD
izvode. Pri tome treba istaknuti da oni na takvim mjestima zadovoljavaju sve
DNXVWLQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHDOLVHQHXNODSDMXQDEHWRQVNXLOLHOLXNRQVWUXNFLMXREMHNWD
'UYHQH]LGRYHXSXWQRMHL]EMHJDYDWLLXVOXDMXNDGDVH]ERJDNXVWLQLKVYRMVWDYDWUDL
GDUHIOHNWLUDMXDEDULMHUDFLMHODLOLQMH]LQJornji dio) bude zakrivljen. Drveni zidovi
trebaju biti ravni. Ukoliko su zakrivljeni prema cesti zbog svoje neprozirnost stvaraju
NRGYR]DDGRMDPVXHQRJSURVWRUD%DULMHUHRYRJWLSDL]YHGHQHQDGXLPSRWH]LPD
su monotone pa ih je na takvim mjestima potrebno kombinirati s transparentnim tipom
EDULMHUDR]HOHQLWLLOLLKQDGUXJLQDLQXOMHSDWL

3.2.Metalni zidovi

3.3.Betonski zidovi
Beton je danas jedan od najrasprostranjenijih konstrukcijskih materijala i kao takav se
u velikoj mjeri upotrebljava i za izrDGX]LGRYD]D]DWLWXRGEXNH,]YRGHVHXFMHORVWL
od betona ili u kombinaciji s nekim drugim materijalom. U nekim zemljama poput
SAD-DJRWRYRSRODL]JUDHQLKEDULMHUDMHRGEHWRQDDUD]ORJWRPHMHSRVYHUD]XPOMLY
$NRMHEHWRQNYDOLWHWDQSURSLVQRXJUDHQLQMHJRYDQGRELYDPRWUDMQXEDULMHUXNRMDH
NUR]GXLYUHPHQVNLSHULRGPRLGREURSRGQLMHWLWHPSHUDWXUQHRVFLODFLMHVXQHYR
]UDHQMHGMHORYDQMHYODJHOHGDLVROL
%HWRQVNHEDULMHUHRSHQLWRVHL]YRGHQDGYDQDLQDNDRSUHIDEULFLUDQHEHWRQVNH
SORH proizvode se u kontroliranim uvjetima u tvornicama i dopremaju se na mjesto
ugradnje), kao barijere koje se izvode na licu mjesta.
3UHPDDNXVWLNLPNDUDNWHULVWLNDPDPRJXELWLUHIOHNWLUDMXHLDSVRUELUDMXH
5HIOHNWLUDMXHVHEHWRQVNHEDULMHUHPRJXL]YRGLWLVSORDPDSRVWDYOMHQLPSRG
UD]OLLWLPNXWHYLPD7DGDVH]YXQLYDOUHIOHNWLUDXUD]OLLWLPVPMHURYLPDLPHVH
smanjuje intenzitet buka odnosno usmjerava se od prijamnika.
5DYQHLJODWNHSRYULQHHVWRLQHEHWRQVNHEDULMHUHWDPQLPDLEH]VMDMDWHLKWUeba
L]EMHJDYDWLNRULWHQMHPSURILOLUDQLKRSODWDNRMLPDVHIRUPLUDREOLNLWHNVWXUDSRYULQH
5HEUDVWDLOLQDERUDQDSRYULQDLVDNXVWLNRJMHJOHGLWDSXQREROMDQHJRUDYQDLJODWND
$SVRUELUDMXHEHWRQVNHEDULMHUHRSHQLWRPRHPRSRGMHOLWLXGYDWLSDbetonske
barijere s drvenim vlaknima drvobetonske barijere, betonske barijere zrnate
(granularne) strukture.
2EDWLSDLQHSORHL]UDHQHXFHQWUDOQLPSRVWURMHQMLPDXRGUHHQRMERMLLYHOLLQL
NRMHVHSRVWDYOMDMXL]PHXHOLQLKQRVDD=DQMLKRYXL]UDdu koristi se beton otvorene
VWUXNWXUHVUD]OLLWLPGRGDFLPD

3.4.Zidovi od opeke
2SHNDVHHVWRNRULVWH]DL]JUDGQMXEDULMHUDRE]LURPGDVHXRGUHHQLPVUHGLQDPD
GREURXNODSDXRNROL=LGRYLRGRSHNHPRJXELWLUHIOHNWLUDMXLLDSVRUELUDMXL=D
reflekWLUDMXHVHNRULVWHSXQHGRNVH]DDSVRUELUDMXHNRULVWHSHUIRULUDQHRSHNH
UD]OLLWLKGLPHQ]LMD2YDNYL]LGRYLX]FHVWHRSHQLWRVWYDUDMXGRMDPVWDQdardnog zida
od opeke2YDNYLVH]LGRYL]LGDMXUXQR]ERJHJDMHQMLKRYDL]UDGDGXJRWUDMQD
2SHNHXUD]OLLWLPWLSRYLPD]LGRYDPRJXLPDWLLGHNRUDWLYQXIXQNFLMXIRUPLUDMXL
RGUHHQLX]RUDN8SRWUHEDPRUWRYDUD]OLLWLKERMDHVWRSR]LWLYQRXWMHHQDXNXSQL
estetski dojam zida.
2YDMVHWLS]LGRYD]D]DWLWXRGEXNHXHVWDOLMHL]YRGLXNRQWLQHQWDOQLPSRGUXMLPD jer
VXXSULREDOMXL]ORHQLDJUHVLYQRPGMHORYDQMXPRUVNHYRGHNRMDQHJDWYQRXWMHHNDNR
QDRSHNXWDNRLQDPRUWNRMLLKSRYH]XMH3XQRVXEROMHUMHHQMHXRGQRVXQDEHWRQVNH
EORNRYHNRMLRVWDYOMDMXELWQRKODGQLMLGRMDP

3.5. Plastini zidovi

Upotreba SODVWLNHGDQDVMHYUORUDLUHQDRE]LURPGDMXMHODNRSURL]YHVWLREOLNRYDWLL
SULPMHQLWLXQDMUD]OLLWLMLPIRUPDPDLREOLFLPD
3ODVWLQHEDULMHUHVHXQDMYHRMPMHULL]YRGHRGSODVWLQLKSDQHODYUORPDOHWHLQHDOL
YHOLNHRWSRUQRVWLLYUVWRH5XNRYDQMH ovakvim panelima je jednostavno te se mogu
ugraditi u gotovo svim uvjetima.
3ODVWLNDRELQRNRGOMXGLDVRFLUDQDVQDQHERMHLLQYHQWLYQHREOLNHPHXWLPWDNYH
EDULMHUHQHL]JOHGDMXXYLMHNHNVHQWULQRLOLQHRELQRMHUPRJXELWLSURMHNWLUDQHWDNRGD
svojoPSRYULQRPLERMRPRSRQDDMXL]JOHGGXJLKPDWHULMDODHVWRRYDNYHEDULMHUH
L]JOHGDMXNDRDOXPLQLMVNHLOLSUHVYXHQHHOLNRP
6

4. ZID

ZA

ZATITU OD

BUKE

KARLOVCU

=LGSURWLYEXNHNRMLMHSULMHHWLULJRGLQHVDJUDHQX]EU]XFHVWXX Karlovcu,
JUDGVNRMHWYUWL5DNRYDFQHGRYROMQRMHXLQNRYLWSRVHEQR]DVWDQDUHNRMLVWDQXMXQD
YLLPNDWRYLP]JUDGDNRMHVHQDOD]HQHSRVUHGQRX]FHVWX2YRMHQDLPHWYUGQMD
ODQRYD6DYMHWDJUDDQD5DNRYFDNRMLVXSRNUHQXOLSRWSLVLYDQMHSHWLFLMHGDVH
QDYHGHQL]LGGRYHGHXIXQNFLMXNRMXMHWUHEDRLPDWLRGPDKSRJUDGQMLDWRMH]DWLWD
od buke.

- 7HPHOMHP=DNRQDR]DWLWLRGEXNHWH3UDYLOQLNDRQDMYLLPGRSXWHQLPUD]LQDPD
EXNHXVUHGLQLXNRMRMOMXGLUDGHLERUDYHWUDLPRRGSRGX]HD+UYDWVNHFHVWHGRR
SURYRHQMHPMHUHQMDUD]LQHEXNHLXYRHQMHEROMLKPMHUD]DWLWHRGEXNHQDGLMHOXEU]H
ceste D-1 koja prolazi kroz naselje Rakovac u Karlovcu, stoji u uvodu peticije koju je
SRWSLVDORQHNROLNRVWRWLQDJUDDQD
ZDWLWQL]LGNRMLVHSURWHHJRWRYRRGEHQ]LQVNHSXPSHX6PLLNODVRYRMGRNUDMD
5DNRYFDVDJUDHQMHSRWYUGQMDPDLQYHVWLWRUDLJUDGVNLKRWDFDSRQDMQRYLMLP
VWDQGDUGLPDVSRVHEQRP]DWLWRPRGEXNHL]DYLHNDWRYH]JUDGD0HXWLPJUDDQL
smatraju da to nije istina odnosno da se buka nije smanjila na razinu propisanu
]DNRQRPWHGD]LGWUHEDGRJUDGLWLQDQDLQNDNRMHWRYHXLQMHQRXQHNLPGUXJLP
JUDGRYLPDSULPMHULFH5LMHFL2VLP+UYDWVNLPFHVWDPDNDG]DYULSRWSLVLYDQMHGRSLV
LSHWLFLMDHELWLXSXHQLJUDGRQDHOQLNX'DPLU-HOLX

5. ZAKLJUAK
=DWLWDRGEXNHRGSURPHWDX+UYDWVNRMVHXXUEDQLPVUHGLQDPDSURYRGLVSRUDGLQR
SUYHQVWYHQRXSRGUXMLPDX]SURPHWQLFHJGMHVXUD]LQHEXNHL]QLPQRYLVRNHLJGMHVX
VHSULPMHGEHORNDOQRJVWDQRYQLWYDXSXHQHJUDGVNLPYODVWLPDYLHJRGLQDXHVWDOR
SRQDYOMDOH8]QRYRL]JUDHQHDXWRFHVWHNDGDMHULMHR]DWLWLRGEXNHWRQLMHVOXDM8
SRVOMHGQMHVHYULMHPHEDULMHUH]D]DWLWXRGEXNHLQWHQ]LYQRJUDGH=DWLWDRGEXNH
QDVHOMDXEOL]LQLRYLKSURPHWQLFDVXVWDYQRVHSURYRGLL]JUDGQMRPUD]OLLWLKWLSRYD
]LGRYD7RMHQHULMHWNRRSWLPDOQRUMHHQMHMHUVH]DWLWDSRVWLHWUHQXWQRL]JUDGQMRP
EDULMHUHDRE]LURPGDVHUDGLRQRYLPSURPHWQLFDPDRELQRQHPDSURVWRUQLK
RJUDQLHQMD
7LSRYLEDULMHUDNRMHQDMHHVXVUHHPRQDQDLPDXWRFHWDPDVXGUYHQL]LGRYL
transparentni zidovi, drvobetonski zidovi, aluminijske barijere te barijere izvedene od
gabiona, kamena ili kao zemljani nasipi.
8XUEDQLPVUHGLQDPD]ERJQHGRVWDWNDUHGRYLWRVNXSLKJUDGVNLKSURVWRUDWHQDJODHQH
brige oko uklapanja u prostor izbor optimalQRJUMHHQMD]DWLWHRGEXNHQLMH
MHGQRVWDYDQHVWRDNL]DGMHORPLQRUMHHQMHRYRJSUREOHPDQLMHGRVWDWQDSULPMHQD
VDPRMHGQHYHNRPELQDFLMDYLHPMHUD]DWLWH8SUDYRMHWRLQDMHLUD]ORJWRVHX
XUEDQLPVUHGLQDPD]DWLWDSURYRGLULMHWNRLWRXJODYQRPWDPRJGMHMHWRPRJXH
izvesti primjenom jedne mjere, barijera.
2VLPEDULMHUDPDVPDQMHQMHUD]LQHEXNHSRVWLHVHLGUXJLPPMHUDPDNDRWRVX
VPDQMHQMHEXNHQDL]YRUXRYLVLRNRQVWUXNFLMLYR]LODWLSXYR]QHSRYULQHEU]LQL
vozila, vrsti i stanju SURPHWQRJWRNDLGUPMHUDPDNRMHGMHOXMXQDVSULMHDYDQMH
LUHQMDEXNH]DWLWRPRGEXNHQDPMHVWXLPLVLMHSURVWRUQRSODQLUDQMHYH]DQR]D
ORNDFLMXLRULMHQWDFLMXSURVWRULMDXREMHNWXWHSULPMHQD]YXQHL]RODFLMHWH
ekonomskim mjerama i regulativom (npUQDNQDGH]DYR]LODLMDMHUD]LQDEXNHYHD
RGSURSLVDQHRVQLYDQMHIRQGRYDLMDELVHVUHGVWYDNRULVWLOD]DSURYRHQMHPMHUD
]DWLWHRGEXNHLVWUDLYDQMHLUD]YRM
8]DWLWLRGEXNHSULPMHQRPEDULMHUDGRVHJOLVPRUD]LQXMHGQDNXRQRMXRGQDV
razvijeQLMLPHXURSVNLP]HPOMDPD9HOLNLQDSRUXRYRPVPMHUXWUHEDXORLWLX
LPSOHPHQWDFLMXGUXJLKSUHWKRGQRVSRPHQXWLKPMHUD]DWLWH2QHVXQHRSKRGQHNDNR
ELVHXJXVWRQDVHOMHQLPXUEDQLPVUHGLQDPDSRVWLJOD]DGRYROMDYDMXDNYDOLWHWDLYRWD
SRVHELFHLPDMXLQDXPXVWDOQRSRYHDQMHUD]LQDEXNHX]URNRYDQHSURPMHQRPQDLQD
LYRWDUD]YRMHPLQGXVWULMHLJRVSRGDUVWYDNDRLVYHYHLPSRUDVWRPEURMDSXWRYDQMDX
VYDNRGQHYQRPLYRWX

10

6. SADRAJ
1. UVOD......................................................................................................................1
2. AKUSTINA SVOJSTVA
...................................................................................2
3. PODJELA ZIDOVA ZA ZATITU
PREMA MATERIJALU
OD BUKE
IZVEDBE................................................................................................................2
3.1. Drveni zidovi.....................................................................................................3
3.2. Metalni zidovi....................................................................................................4
3.3. Betonski zidovi..................................................................................................5
3.4. Zidovi od opeke.................................................................................................6
3.5. 3ODVWLQL]LGRYL...................................................................................................6
3.6. Prozirni ili transparentni zidovi.........................................................................7
4. ZID ZA ZATITU OD BUKE
....................................................9
U KARLOVCU
5. ZAKLJUAK
.........................................................................................................10
6. SADRAJ
................................................................................................................11
LITERATURA:
www.gradimo.hr
ZZZPUHQLFDKU
www.kaportal.hr