Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Free Piston Engines Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine
Free Piston Engines Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
2009
Engines:
Thermoacoustic
Stirling Engine
Brought to you by- Ritesh Bhusari
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :1
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
A
ABBSSTTRRAACCTT
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :2
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
Stirling Engine, type of engine that derives mechanical power from the
expansion of a confined gas at a high temperature. The stirling cycle [Fig. 1] was
patented in 1816 by the Scottish clergyman Robert Stirling and was used as a
small power source in many industries during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The need for automobile engines with low emission of toxic gases has revived
interest in the Stirling engine, and prototypes have been built with up to 500
horsepower and with efficiencies of 30 to 45 percent.
The cycle that provides the work is called the Stirling cycle; it consists in
its simplest form of the compression of a fixed amount of so-called working gas
(hydrogen or helium) in a cool chamber. This cool compressed gas is transferred
to a hot chamber, which is heated by an external burner, where the gas expands
and drives a piston that delivers the work. The expanded hot gas is then cooled
and returned to the cold chamber, and the cycle begins again. Stirling also
conceived the idea of a regenerator (a solid with many holes running through it,
which he called the “economiser”) to store thermal energy during part of the cycle
and return it later [Fig. 2]
The engine is able to transform heat into work because the expansion of
the gas at high temperature delivers more work than is required to compress the
same amount of gas at low temperature.
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :3
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :4
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
W
WHHAATTIISS TTHHEERRM
MOOAACCOOUUSSTTIICCSS??
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :5
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
TTHHEERRM
MOOAACCOOUUSSTTIICC SSTTIIRRLLIIN
NGGE
ENNGGIINNEE((TTAASSH
HEE))
Introduction:
The thermoacoustic Stirling heat engine [Fig. 4 & 5] developed by the
LANL scientist’s converts heat to intense acoustic power in a simple device that
comprises only pipes and conventional heat exchangers and has no moving
parts. The acoustic power can be used directly in acoustic refrigerators or pulse-
tube refrigerators to provide heat-driven refrigeration, or it can be used to
generate electricity via a linear alternator or other electroacoustic power
transducer. Already the engine's 30% efficiency and high reliability may make
medium-sized natural-gas liquefaction plants (with a capacity of up to a million
gallons per day) and residential cogeneration economically feasible.
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :6
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :7
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
AAPPPPAARRAATTUUSS
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :8
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :9
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
H
HOOW
W DDOO TTH
HEESSEEM
MAACCH
HIIN WOORRKK??
NEESSW
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :10
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
The sound levels generated in such devices, using specialised speakers, are extreme:
in one case the levels reach 190 dB, about 10 million times as intense as the front row levels at
a rock concert and 300 times the intensity needed to ignite human hair. However, the sound
levels outside the rigid pressure vessel are acceptable. They are not noisy because the casing is
a quarter of an inch thick. You hear only a low frequency hum. A prototype refrigerator has
already been built and uses sound to "pump" heat from a lower temperature to a higher. The
engine has an efficiency of 30 per cent, which is comparable with that of a car engine (25-40
per cent).
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :11
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
Electrical Analogy:
TTHHEERRM
MOOAACCOOUUSSTTIICCM
MAAGGN
NEETTOOH
HYYDDRROODDYYN MIICC E
NAAM ELLEECCTTRRIICCGGEENNEERRAATTOORR::
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :12
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :13
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
At the most efficient operating point, the engine delivers 710 W to its
resonator with an efficiency of 0.30 which corresponds to 41% of the Carnot
efficiency. At the most powerful operating point, the engine delivers 890 W to its
resonator with an efficiency of 0.22
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
Free Piston Engines: Thermoacoustic Stirling Engine :14
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w om w om
w
w
w. w.
A B B Y Y.c A B B Y Y.c
RREEFFEERREENNCCEESS