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  • 05 - Aggregates & The Uses in Engineering

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    Aggregates are coarse particulate materials used in construction including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. They come from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Tests are conducted to identify the rock type and ensure aggregates qualify for different uses. These include petrographic analysis under a microscope to check for reactions between aggregates and highly alkaline cement. Three main alkali reactions are the silica reaction which causes expansion, the silicate reaction involving clay minerals, and the carbonate reaction involving dolomite crystals that leads to expansion and weakening of concrete over time. Factors like crystal size and alkali presence influence the rate of the dedolomitization carbonate reaction.

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    05 - Aggregates & the Uses in Engineering

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    Aggregates are coarse particulate materials used in construction including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. They come from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Tests are conducted to identify the rock type and ensure aggregates qualify for different uses. These include petrographic analysis under a microscope to check for reactions between aggregates and highly alkaline cement. Three main alkali reactions are the silica reaction which causes expansion, the silicate reaction involving clay minerals, and the carbonate reaction involving dolomite crystals that leads to expansion and weakening of concrete over time. Factors like crystal size and alkali presence influence the rate of the dedolomitization carbonate reaction.

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    31 views15 pages

    05 - Aggregates & The Uses in Engineering

    Uploaded by

    im23world
    Aggregates are coarse particulate materials used in construction including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. They come from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Tests are conducted to identify the rock type and ensure aggregates qualify for different uses. These include petrographic analysis under a microscope to check for reactions between aggregates and highly alkaline cement. Three main alkali reactions are the silica reaction which causes expansion, the silicate reaction involving clay minerals, and the carbonate reaction involving dolomite crystals that leads to expansion and weakening of concrete over time. Factors like crystal size and alkali presence influence the rate of the dedolomitization carbonate reaction.

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    of 15

    AGGREGATES AND THE USES IN ENGINEERING

    What are aggregates?

    is a broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates.

    What are source of aggregates?

    Igneous Sedimentary - carbonate as well as wellcemented. Metamorphic- nonfoliated or weakly foliated

    Types of test

    Petrography is the detailed study of rocks, most commonly on the microscopic scale. It is to study and identify the rock type. Are they qualify to be used for different construction. There are microscopic and detail exams.

    1. Petrographic Analysis

    Highly alkaline environment may cause severe reaction between water and aggregate used. This happens to portland cement. These will result in cracking in the concrete due to expansion of the aggregate particles.

    2. Alkali

    3 types of alkali reaction

    is a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and reactive noncrystalline silica, which is found in many common aggregates. This causes the expansion of the aggregate by the formation of a swelling gel. The gel increase in volume with water and the strength of the concrete decrease.

    1. Silica reaction

    The reaction which layer silicate minerals (clay minerals), sometimes present as impurities and are attacked. Result in expansion of aggregate materials.

    2. Silicate reaction

    Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite, Mg(OH)2, and calcite, CaCO3. Brucite, is to be responsible for the volumetric expansion after de-dolomotization of the aggregate, due to absorption of water.
    CaMg(CO3)2+2MOH=Mg(OH)2+CaCO3+M2CO3

    3. Carbonate reaction

    There is one more reaction which is the carbonate will react with calcium hydroxide (before cement harden). The result will be calcite and alkali.
    M2CO3+Ca(OH)2 = 2MOH+CaCO3

    Equal quantity of calcite and dolomite Finer calcite grains Alkali present Size of aggregate in cement Clay size

    Factor influencing the rate of Dedolomitization

    Osmotic membrane for water movement Seeps dolomite crystals. Decrease the tensional strength of rocks.

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