Faculty of Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Physics Colloquium

Weissman Auditorium
December 7, 2006

The Confined Tornado Flow Configuration An Effective Method for Screening of a Solar Reactor Window Prof. Abraham Kogan
Visiting Scientist, Solar Research Facilities Unit, WIS

HYDROGEN IS THE CHOICE FUEL OF THE 21ST CENTURY

ITS COMBUSTION IN AIR RELEASES GREAT QUANTITIES OF ENERGY PER UNIT MASS. ITS COMBUSTION PRODUCT IS ONLY WATER. IT IS A NON-POLLUTING FUEL AND THEREFORE ITS USE IS ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY METHANE-STEAM REFORMING

CH4+H2O
CO+H2O
800C 30 atm 400C

CO+3H2 CO2+H2

PRODUCTION OF 1 TON H2 IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF 2.6 TON CH4 AND DUMPING OF 7.15 TON CO2 TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
THE 1984 GLOBAL H2 DEMAND WAS 31.5106 TON. THE CONCOMITANT CO2 PRODUCTION
AMOUNTED TO 225106 TON.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY METHANE SPLITTING

CH4

1500C

Cgr 2H2

APPLICATIONS OF CARBON BLACK

PRICE OF CARBON BLACK (USD/TON)

PRICE OF CARBON BLACK VS. HYDROGEN FOR DIFFERENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CAPACITIES

SMOKE FLOW DEMONSTRATION OF REACTOR WINDOW SCREENING

CROSS SECTION OF REACTOR M2a

Auxiliary stream in Main stream in Window

Impellerlike disk

First annular passage Second annular passage Exit Port

CLOSEUP VIEW OF REACTOR M2a DETAILS

PLANAR LASER BEAM OPTICAL CONFIGURATION

MAIN FLOW 0 L/M

RADIAL MAIN FLOW 10 L/M

SMOKE-CHARGED RADIAL AUXILIARY FLOW 2 L/M

IMPELLER RING INSTALLED IN FLANGE GROOVE

TANGENTIAL MAIN FLOW 10 L/M

SMOKE-CHARGED RADIAL AUXILIARY FLOW 2 L/M

TORNADO AT MANHATTAN, KANSAS, USA, 31 MAY 1949

IDEAL FLOW OF A PERFECT FLUID AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPH OF FLOW WITH COMPLETE BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION IN THE WAKE OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER, AFTER PRANDTLTIETJENS

FLOW WITH SEPARATION IN A HIGHLY DIVERGENT CHANNEL, FROM PRANDTL-TIETJENS

AN EFFECTIVE WAY
THE

TO

PREVENT BOUNDARY LAYER FLUID

ALONG THE

SEPARATION FROM A SOLID WALL IS TO ENSURE THAT

PRESSURE
IN THE

WALL

DECREASES IN THE DIRECTION OF FLOW

(a) MAIN FLOW 0 L/M

(c) TANGENTIAL MAIN FLOW 10 L/M

(b) TANGENTIAL MAIN FLOW 5 L/M

(d) TANGENTIAL MAIN FLOW 15 L/M

SMOKE-CHARGED RADIAL AUXILIARY FLOW 2 L/M

CONSECUTIVE STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF A TORNADO FLOW PATTERN IN A REACTION CHAMBER

SMOKE FLOW VISUALIZATION OF TORNADO FLOW CONFIGURATION

AN

UNSTABLE

SMOKE FLOW VISUALIZATION OF A DEGENERATED TORNADO FLOW CONFIGURATION

CROSS SECTION OF REACTOR D1

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF TORROIDAL FLOW PERTURBATION INDUCED BY FRICTION BETWEEN THE GAS MOVING AT HIGH SPEED IN THE TORNADO FUNNEL AND THE SURROUNDING GAS

AXIAL CROSS SECTION OF REACTOR D3

THE CYLINDER-FRUSTUM GEOMETRY OF A SIMPLIFIED REACTION CHAMBER

B C

F1 = 10 l/m Air ; F2 = 1 l/m Air ; T = 1200 K

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

F1 = 10 l/m Air ; F2 = 1 l/m Air ; T = 1200 K

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

F1 = 10 l/m Air ; F2 = 1 l/m Air ; T = 1200 K

Contours of Swirl Velocity (m/s)

F1 = 10 l/m Air ; F2 = 1 l/m Air ; T = 600 K

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

D''

D'

A F1 = 10 l/m Air ; F2 = 1 l/m Air ; T = 300 K

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

28.3 l/m Air at 1200 K ; = 0

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

28.3 l/m Air at 1200 K ; = 45

27 mm

19 mm

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

28.3 l/m Air at 1200 K ; = 45

Contours of Swirl Velocity (m/s)

Zirconia disc sample exposed at the focal plane of the secondary concentrator

Seeded STMS test setup

COMPONENTS OF REACTOR D2

AXIAL CROSS SECTION OF REACTOR PROVIDED WITH TERTIARY FLOW DUCTING

D2