Thnh phn ho hc v cu trc ca zeolit ZSM-5 (Nguyn Hu Ph Cracking xc tc) Zeolit ZSM-5 c cc nh nghin cu hng Mobil Oil pht

t minh nm 1972. Cng thc ho hc c dng: NanAlnSiO96-nO192.~16H2O (n<27) Zeolit ZSM-5 thuc h vt liu pentasil, m cu trc quc t gi l MFI. Cc d liu tinh th hc c bn ca ZSM-5 nh sau: Cu trc tinh th c bn: octorhombic (orthorhombic), a = 20,1; b = 19,9; c = 13,4 A0. Mng tinh th ca ZSM-5 cha cc t din TO4 (trong T l nguyn t nm tm t din, c th l Si hoc Al), cc t din lin kt vi nhau thnh n v cu trc th cp SBU (secondary unit building) dng 5 cnh: 5-1. Cc SBU ny li kt ni vi nhau to ra hai h knh mao qun ct nhau, vi ca s mao qun l vng 10 cnh. Mt h knh mao qun song song vi trc a ca tinh th c s octorhomic, c dng ziczc vi kch thc ca s gn trn (5,4 5,6 A0). Mt h knh khc, thng v song song vi trc b, c dng ca s hnh elip (5,1x5,7 A0). Hai h knh ny ct nhau: to ra mt hc rng c kch thc c 9 A0 v l ni nh x cc tm axit mnh c trng cho hot tnh xc tc ca zeolit ZSM-5. ZSM-5 l zeolit c hm lng oxyt silic cao, t s SiO2/Al2O3 c th bin i t 200 n 8000. Khi hm lng Al2O3 bng 0 (vt liu cha hon ton oxyt silic) v vn gi cu trc ca MFI th vt liu c tn silicalit. ng dng cc k thut MAS (magic-angle spinning), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) v hin vi in t, ngi ta nhn thy rng, nhm trong ZSM-5 phn b khng ng u, c bit cc tinh th ln (> 5 m). B mt tinh th thng giu nhm so vi ton th tinh th.

_ O
_ 2 _ 2

O
_ 2 _ 2

o Al
3+ 2

O
_

o Si4+ O
2

O
_

Hnh 1. n v cu trc s cp ca zeolit.

4-1

4-4

4-4-1

5-1 5-2 6-6

S od a l i t

L n g tr

6 c n h

Z e o l i t k i u ( Y )

Z e o l i t k i u

H c l n

Hnh 3. Cc n v cu trc v cch ghp ni to zeolit c cu trc khc nhau

(a) (b)

(c)

(a) Cu trc c trng ca ZSM-5 ca

5,1 5,7

(c) Nhn t mt (010), s m

b a

5,4 5,6

(d) H thng mao qun ca ZSM-5 Hnh 4. Cu trc ZSM-5