BASICS OF MAGNETISM & ELECTROMAGNETISM

Chamila Sumathiratna-Senior Lecturer Faculty of Industrial and Vocational Technology

Recalling previous knowledge..

Magnetic Field

What are the rules governing this phenomena?

Answer-(Flemings left hand and right hand rules)

Basic Electro Magnet

B-H curve (Magnetization Curve)

When the magnetizin g force is removed there will be a flux remaining. This is called as hysteresis

Quantity Area Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density

Units m2 Wb Wb/ m2
or

What can you tell about the flux densities of a-a and b-b?

Magnetic field around current carrying conductors

Use Maxwells Cork Screw Rule to

Faradays law
The induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit.
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Current=EMF/resistan ce Flux=MMF/reluctance

Air Gap

Saturation of the core

ELECTRICAL MACHINES & DRIVES -INDUCTION MOTORS

Chamila Sumathiratna

Induction Motors

Main Types of Electrical motors

AC Motors-advantages
Simple Design Low Cost Reliable Operation Easily Found Replacements Variety of Mounting Styles Many Different Environmental Enclosures

DC Motors-Advantages
Easy to understand design Easy to control speed Easy to control torque Simple, cheap drive design

Induction Motors
Basic construction
Stator Rotor

Operating Principle
http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/ee332/f undamentals/f_ac_rotation.html

Speed of rotating magnetic field

f =
Supply Frequency

= Number of poles Speed of the magnetic field

Calculate the synchronous speeds

Star & Delta type Stator Windings

Stator of a 3 phase induction motor

Rotor of a 3 phase Induction motor

The magnetic field set up in stator

More windings in stator gives a smoother curve

Rotor Construction
Wound rotor Squirrel cage rotor Cores are laminated There is no direct electrical connection to rotor

Wound rotor

Rotor windings taken out and connected to a bank of resisters Connections made via brushes

Slip
Is the relative speed between the stator field and rotor. If rotor is stationery slip =1 . If rotor speed = to synchronous speed then slip=0 Slip speed is= speed of stator magnetic fieldrotor field