DATA ANALYSIS Example 2. Suppose a student has the following scores on tests: 65, 86, 79, and 92.

What are the mean, median, and standard deviation for these scores?

Mean = Average = x =
x=

x
i =1

x1 + x2 + + xn n

65 + 86 + 79 + 92 = 80.5 4

Median: (1) order numbers from smallest to largest. (2) if odd number of results, median is middle number. (3) If even number of results, median is average of two middle numbers.

65 + 79 + 86 + 92

79 + 86 Median = = 82.5 2

DATA ANALYSIS Standard deviation is a quantitative measure of how spread out the results are. For example, if all the results are the same the standard deviation is 0. If all the results are very different the standard deviation is large.

The larger terms like: x1 x the bigger the standard deviation (or error).
Problem: errors cant cancel, but are accumulative: So x1 x

is used.

xi x Standard deviation = s = i =1 n 1
n
2 2

0.5

( 65 80.5 ) + ( 86 80.5 ) + ( 79 80.5 ) + ( 92 80.5 ) s= 3

2

0.5

= 11.6

INTERPRETATION OF STANDARD DEVIATION Number of Students 1 3 6 9 10 9 6 3 1 48

Total number of students Average score = 70

Test Scores 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

10

Number of students

Bell shaped curve

6

s = 9.3
4

Approx. 65% between 70+9.3 = 79.3 and 70-9.3=60.7

0 20 40 60 Test Score 80 100

65%

95%

99%

USING TI-83 FOR DATA ANALYSIS

STAT 2nd

1 (List editor)

LIST (Statistical operations)

2nd

EE (Scientific notation)

Example: 1.38 x 1013 Input: 1.38 2nd EE 13

1.38E13 is displayed.

Using TI-83 to calculate mean, median, and standard deviation

STAT 1

(Goes to list editor)

OPTIONALto clear list: move cursor over desired list, L1, L2, etc. and push CLEAR then ENTER

Setup

Lets do the example for the students test scores and put the data in L1. First, move the cursor to the empty L1 list. If the above option was done, the cursor is already in place. 65 86 79 92
ENTER ENTER ENTER ENTER

Calculation and Results

STAT

Move cursor over CALC

ENTER

ENTER

Scroll up and down for all statistics, Sx is the standard deviation and = 11.61 (as we found calculating it be hand). The mean is x bar (x with a line over it) and the median is Med.