Basic Physical Equations

Maxwells Equations for Homogeneous and Isotropic Materials

Time Variant Form Time Invariant Form
( , , )
0
( , ) ( ) ( , )
cond tot
t
B
E
t
D
H J J
t
D x y z
B
B H
D r t t E r d

c t t t

c
V =
c
c
V = + =
c
V =
V =
=
=
)
<
<
0
( , , )
0
cond tot
E
H J J
D x y z
B
B H
D E

c
V =
V = =
V =
V =
=
=
<
<
For a doped semiconductor ( )
D A
q p n N N
+
= +
Current Density Equations Einstein Relationships
n n n n Fn
p p p p
tot n p
J q n qD n n E
J q p qD p p E
J J J
Fp


= + V = V
= + V = V
= +

n n
p p
kT
D
q
kT
D
q

=
=
Continuity Equations
1
1
n n
p p
n
G U J
t q
p
G U J
t q
c
= + V
c
c
= + V
c
<
<
n
p