Ham So

Nguyn Thanh Dng THPT Ng Gia T Web:http://www.violet.
vn/thanhdung_toan
1

CHUYN DE 1: GII HAN LIN TJC DAO HM

Vn d 1: GII HAN CUA HM S

CAN NH: tnh gioi han cua hm so ta can nho mot so cng thuc sau
1
lim 0( 0)
n
x
n
x
= >
0 0
sin
lim lim 1
sin
x x
x x
x x

= =
( ) 0 ( ) 0
sin ( ) ( )
lim lim 1
( ) sin ( )
u x u x
u x u x
u x u x

= =
1
1
( )
0 ( ) 0
lim(1 ) lim (1 ( ))
u x
x
x u x
x e u x e

+ = + =
1
( )
( )
1 1
lim 1 lim 1
( )
x
u x
x u x
e e
x u x

| |
| |
+ = + =
| |
\ .
\ .

0 0
1
lim lim 1
1
x
x
x x
e x
x e

= =

( )
( )
( ) 0 ( ) 0
1 ( )
lim lim 1
( ) 1
u x
u x
u x u x
e u x
u x e

= =

0 0
ln(1 )
lim lim 1
ln(1 )
x x
x x
x x

+
= =
+

( ) 0 ( ) 0
ln(1 ( )) ( )
lim lim 1
( ) ln(1 ( ))
u x u x
u x u x
u x u x

+
= =
+

Cc hng dng thuc dng nho

BI TAP
Bi 1: Tnh cc gioi han sau
a)
2
2
3
5 6
lim
8 15
x
x x
x x
+
+
b)
100
50
1
2 1
lim
2 1
x
x x
x x
+
+
c)
1
1
lim
1
m
n
x
x
x

a)
2
0
1 1
lim
x
x
x
+
b)
3 3
1
2
lim
1
x
x x
x
c)
3 2 3
2
1
2 1
lim
1
x
x x x
x
+ +

Nguyn Thanh Dng THPT Ng Gia T Web:http://www.violet.vn/thanhdung_toan
2
a)
3
2
1
7 3
lim
3 2
x
x x
x x
+ +
+
b)
3
0
2 1 8
lim
x
x x
x
+
c)
5 4
1
2 1 2
lim
1
x
x x
x

d)
3 3 2 2
3
0
3 4 6 13 8
lim
x
x x x x x
x
+ + + + +

a)
3 2
4 3 2
2 3 4 1
lim
5 7 9
x
x x x
x x x x
+
+ +
b)
5 3
5 3 2
4 4 1
lim
5 6 9
x
x x x
x x x x
+
+ + +
c)
7 3
3 3 2
4 1
lim
5 4 9
x
x x x
x x x x
+
+ + +

d)
3 4
lim
2 1
x
x x x
x
+
+ +
+
e)
2
3 5 3
1
lim
8 1
x
x x
x x
+ +
+ +

a)
( )
lim
x
x x x
+
+ b)
( )
2
lim
x
x x x
+ c)
( )
3 2 3
lim 3
x
x x x
+
d)
3
1 3
lim
1 1
x
x x
| |
|

\ .

a)
2
0
1 cos
lim
x
ax
x
b)
0
1 cos sin
lim
1 cos sin
x
ax ax
bx bx
+
+
c)
( ) ( )
0
sin sin sin
lim
x
x
x

d)
( )
0
cos cos
2
lim
sin tan
x
x
x
| |
|
\ .
e)
3
0
tan sin
lim
x
x x
x
f)
0
1 cos
lim
1 cos
x
x
x

a)
4 3
1
lim
2
x
x
x
x
+
+ | |
|
+
\ .
b)
( )
2
cot
2
0
lim 1
an x
x
x
+ c)
1
sin
0
1 tan
lim
1 sin
x
x
x
x
+ | |
|
+
\ .

d)
2
2
2
3
lim
2
x
x
x
x
| | +
|
\ .

a)
2
0
lim
x bx
x
e e
x
b)
sin2 sin
0
lim
sin
x x
x
e e
x
c)
2
3 2
2
0
cos 1
lim
x
x
e x
x

3
a)
( )
( )
0
ln cos3
lim
ln cos 4
x
x
x
b)
0
ln tan
4
lim
sn
x
x
x
( | |
+
|
(
\ .
c)
( )
2
3 2 2
2
0
1
lim
ln 1
x
x
e x
x
+
+

Bi 10: Tnh lim ( )
o
x x
f x
bit
a)
2
2
3 2
, 1
1
( ) , 1
, 1
2
o
x x
x
x
f x x
x
x
+
>

= =
<
b)
3
3
, 0
2
( ) , 0
1 1
, 0
1 1
o
x
f x x
x
x
x
= =
>

Bi 11: Tm a d
1
lim ( )
x
f x
tn tai, voi
3
1
, 1
( )
1
2, 1
x
x
f x
x
ax x

<
=

+ >

Vn d 2: TNH LIN TJC CUA HM S

CAN NH: Trong phan ny ta phai nho cc kin thuc co ban sau
(i) Cho hm ( ) y f x = xc dinh trn tap D,
o
x D . Khi d.
f lin tuc tai
o
x
lim ( )
lim ( ) ( )
o
o
x x
o
x x
f x
f x f x

f lin tuc trn D f lin tuc tai moi x D
(ii) Cc hm so cap co ban lin tuc trn tap xc dinh cua n.
(iii) Tong, hiu, tch, thuong cc hm lin tuc l lin tuc trn tap xc dinh

4
BI TAP

Bi 1: Xt tnh lin tuc cua hm s sau tai dim d cho
a)
1 2 3
, 2
( ) , 2
2
1, 2
o
x
x
f x x
x
x

= =

b)
sin
, 1
( ) , 1 1
, 1
o
x
x
f x x x
x
= =

c)
sin
, 0
( ) , 0
1, 0
o
x
x
x f x x
x
= =
d)
3
2 1
, 1
( ) , 1
1
4 9, 1
o
x x
x
f x x
x
x x
+
<
= =
+

Bi 2: Xt tnh lin tuc cua hm s sau
a)
1
sin , 0
( )
1, 0
x x
f x x
x
b)
2
4
, 2
( )
2 2
2 20, 2
x
x
f x
x
x x

>
=
+

Bi 3: Tm a d hm sau lin tuc trn tp xc dinh
a)
3 2
2 9 2 9
, 3
( )
2 6
, 3
x x
x
f x
x
a x
+ +

=

b)
3
3 2 2
, 2
2
( )
1
, 2
4
x
x
x
f x
ax x
+
>

Bi 4: Cho hm
1
( ) cos f x x
x
= . Tm (0) f d hm s lin tuc voi moi x
Bi 5: Tm cc dim gin doan cua cc hm sau
a) ( )
sin
x
f x
x
= b)
2
2 2
, 1
( ) 3 2
2, 1
x
x
f x x x
x

= +
c)
3
1, 1
( )
1
, 1
3
x x
f x
x
x x
+
=

>

CH : Hm f(x) lin tuc trn doan [a;b] v f(a)f(b) < 0 th phuong trnh f(x) = 0 lun c nghim
thuoc khoang (a;b).
Bi 5: Chung minh cc phuong trnh sau lun c nghim
a) cos cos 2 0 x m x + = b) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 0 a x b x c b x a x c c x a x b + + =
Bi 6: Chung minh phuong trnh
3
3 1 0 x x + = lun c ba nghim phn bit
Bi 7: Cho f l hm lin tuc trn doan [a;b] v c min gi tri cung l [a;b]. Chung minh phuong
trnh f(x)= x c nghim trong doan [a;b]
5
Bi 8: Chung minh phuong trnh
4
3 0 x x = c nghim (1; 2)
o
x v
7
12
o
x >
Bi 9: Cho f l hm lin tuc trn doan [a;b] v , l hai s duong bt ky. Chung minh rng
phuong trnh
( ) ( )
( )
f a f b
f x

+
=
+
lun c nghim trong doan [a;b].
CH : Hm f(x) lin tuc trn doan [a;b] v f(x) khng trit tiu trn [a;b] th f(x) c mot dau nhat
dinh trn (a;b).
Bi 10: Xt du cc biu thuc sau
a)
3 2
( ) 2 2 f x x x x = + b)
2
( ) 1 2 5 f x x x x = + +
c) ( ) (2sin 1)( 2 2cos ) f x x x = + d)
2
( ) 4 2 f x x x =

Vn d 3: DAO HM CUA HM S

CAN NH: O phan ny phai Thuc lng cc qui tc tnh dao hm, dao hm cua hm hop v bang
dao hm cc hm so cap co ban.

BI TAP
Bi 1: Tnh dao hm cc hm sau
a) y = 3x
4
2x
2
+ x 1 b)
3 2
2
3 3
3
y x x x = + + c)
2 3
1 1
y
x x
=
d)
2
3
y x x = e)
2
5 y x
x
= +
a) y = (x
3
+ 2)(x + 1) b)
2
1
2 3
x x
y
x
+ +
=
c)
4
3 5
x
y
x
=
+
d)
3
1
x
y
x
=

a)
2 6
( 1) y x = b) y = x(x + 2)
4
c)
2
1
1
y
x
=
+
d)
3
1
x
y
x
=
+

6
a)
1
x
y
x
=
+
b)
2
6 7 y x x = + + c) 2 4 y x x = + +
d)
2
( 1) 1 y x x x = + + + e)
2
3
2 1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
f)
3 3
3 2 y x x = +
g) 6 y x x = h)
2 2 2
( 1) 4 y x x = + + i)
2 x x
y
x
+
=
a) y = sinx cosx b) y = xsinx c) y = sin
3
x d) y =
1 cos
x
x
e) y = 3sin
2
x sinx f)
5
cos y x = g)
3
cos cos y x x =
h)
2 3
3sin sin y x x = i) cos sin y x x x = k)
2
cos sin y x x =
a)
4
1
tan
4
y x = b)
1 sin
1 sin
x
y
x
+
=
c)
sin cos
sin cos
x x
y
x x
=
+
d)
3
1
tan tan
3
y x x x = +
a) sin(2 )
4
y x

= + b) y = sin3x +cos2x c) y =sin
3
3x d) y = cos
5
(2x
2
+x+1)
e)
3
sin 4 y x = f)
4
cos 2
3
y x
| |
=
|
\ .
g) t an5 y x =
h)
2
1 cos
2
x
y = + i)
2
2
2
1 tan
2
x
tan
y
x
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

CH :
( )
x x
e e
= . Tong qut
( )
ln
x x
a a a
=
a)
2 x
y x e = b)
x
e
y
x
= c) (sin cos )
x
y e x x = d)
sin x
y e = e)
x
y e =
f)
x x
x x
e e
y
e e
=
+
g) 2 3
x x
y = + h)
2
sin sin
2 3
x
x e x
y

=
7
CH : ( ) ( )
1
ln ln x x
x

= = . Tong qut ( ) ( )
1
log log
ln
a a
x x
x a

= =
a) ln y x x = b)
ln x
y
x
= c)
2
ln( 1) y x = + d) ln sin y x =
e)
3
ln 2 1 y x = + f)
( )
2
ln 1 y x x = + + g)
1
ln
1
x
y
x
| |
=
|
+
\ .

h)
2
log (2 1) y x = + i)
2
2 2
3
log (3 1)
log ( 1)
x
y x
x
= + +
a)
sin
2
ln
cos
2
x a
y
x a
=
+
b)
sin
2
ln
cos
2
x a
y
x a
+
=
c)
2
2
2 1
ln
2 1
x x
y
x x
| |
+
=
|
|
+ +
\ .

Bi 11: Cho hm
ax b
y
cx d
+
=
+
chung minh rng
2
'
( )
ad bc
y
cx d
=
+
. p dung tnh dao hm cua:
a)
3
5 4
x
y
x
+
=
+
b)
3 1
1
x
y
x
+
=

Bi 12: Cho hm
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
chung minh rng
2
2
2 ( )
'
( )
amx anx bn mc
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
. p dung tnh
dao hm cua:
a)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+
=
b)
2
1
x
y
x
=
+
c)
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=

CH : (i) [ ] [ ] [ ]
( )
( ) ln ( ) ln ( ) ln ( ) ln ( )
v x
y u x y v x u x y v x u x

= = = [ ] ( ) ln ( ) y y v x u x

=
(ii)
( )
ln ( ) ln ( )
log ( )
ln ( ) ln ( )
u x
v x v x
y v x y y
u x u x
(
= = =
(

Bi 13: Tnh cc dao hm cua hm s sau
a)
( )
2
2
x
e
y x = + b) ( )
cos
sin
x
y x = c)
( )
2
2
1
x
y x = +
d)
4 7 9
5 11
( 5) ( 9) ( 11)
( 6) ( 8)
x x x
y
x x
+ + +
=

e)
2
1
2 3
log
1
x
x
y
x
+
f)
2
cos
log (sin cos )
x
y x x = +
8
CH : (i)
0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) lim lim lim
o
o o o
o
x x x x
o
f x x f x f x f x y
f x
x x x x

+
= = =

0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) lim lim lim
o
o o o
o
x x x x
o
f x x f x f x f x y
f x
x x x x
+ + +
+

+
= = =

0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) lim lim lim
o
o o o
o
x x x x
o
f x x f x f x f x y
f x
x x x x

+
= = =

( ), ( )
( )
( ) ( )
o o
o
o o
f x f x
f x
f x f x
+
+

=

(ii) Kha vi Lin tuc; Lin tuc Kha vi
Bi 14: Xt tnh lin tuc v su tn tai dao hm cua hm f(x) tai
o
x bit:
a) ( ) , 0
o
f x x x = = b)
2
( ) , 0
1
o
x
f x x
x
= =
+

c)
2
ln( 1)
, 0
( ) , 0
0, 0
o
x
x
f x x
x
x
+

= =
d)
ln 2 , 0
( ) , 0
0, 0
o
x x x x
f x x
x

= =

Bi 15: Cho hm
1
*
, 0
( )
, 0
nx
xe x n
f x
x x

>
=

=

.
a) Chung minh f lin tuc trn [0; ) +
b) Xt tnh kha vi cua hm f tai 0
o
x =
Bi 16: Tm a d tn tai ( )
o
f x bit:
a)
2
1, 1
( ) , 1
2, 1
o
x x
f x x
ax a x
+
= =
+ >
b)
2
( 1) , 0
( ) , 0
1, 0
x
o
x e x
f x x
x ax x
+ >
= =

Bi 17: Cho hm
2
1
sin , 0
( )
0, 0
x x
f x x
x

a) Tnh ( ) f x
b) Chung minh ( ) f x khng lin tuc tai x = 0
9
CH :
( )
( ) ( 1) *
,
n n
f f n

=
Bi 18: Cho hm
3
4
x
y
x
=
+
, chung minh rng 2(y)
2
= (y 1)y
Bi 19: Cho hm
2
2 y x x = , chung minh rng y
3
.y + 1 = 0
Bi 20: Tm dao hm cp n( 2 n ) cua hm sau:
a)
1
y x
= b)
ax
y e = c) sin y x = d) cos y ax =
Bi 21: Tm dao hm cp n cua hm
1 1
( ) ; ( )
1 1
f x g x
x x
= =
+
. Tu d suy ra dao hm cp n cua
hm
2
2
( )
1
x
h x
x
=

Bi 22: Tm dao hm cp n( 2 n ) cua hm
2
1
x
y
x
=
.
CH : Nu ( ) 0, f x x D = th f l hm hng trn D
Bi 23: Chung minh rng
2 2 2
2 2 2
cos cos cos ,
3 3 3
x x x x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 24: Chung minh rng nu sin cos 1,
n n
x x x + = th 2 n =
CH : (i) Cho duong thng (d). Goi l gc hop boi chiu duong cua truc Ox voi (d). Khi d,
ta dinh nghia h so gc cua (d) l tan k =
(ii) Nu hm ( ) : ( ) y f x C = c dao hm tai dim
o
x th h so gc cua tip tuyn voi (C) tai
tip dim ( ; )
o o o
M x y l ( )
o
f x . Do d, phuong trnh tip tuyn voi (C) tai tip dim ( ; )
o o o
M x y l
( )( )
o o o
y y f x x x =
Bi 25: Cho hm s
3
( ) 3 1( ) y f x x x C = = + . Lp phuong trnh tip tuyn voi (C) bit
a) Honh d tip dim 3
o
x =
b) Tip tuyn song song voi duong thng ( ) : 9 2010 d y x = +
c) Tip tuyn vung gc voi duong thng ( ) : 9 2010 0 d x y + + =
d) Tip tuyn di qua dim
2
( ; 1)
3
A
10
Bi 26: Cho
2
( ) : 2 3 C y x x = + . Lp phuong trnh tip tuyn voi (C)
a) Tai dim c tung d 1
o
y =
b) Song song voi duong thng ( ) : 4 2 5 0 d x y + =
c) Vung gc voi phn gic gc phn tu thu nht cua gc hop boi cc truc toa d
Bi 27: Lp phuong trnh tip tuyn voi
4 3
( ) :
1
x
H y
x
bit tip tuyn hop voi truc honh mt

gc 45
o
.
Bi 28: Cho ( ) : ln C y x x = . Tm trn (C) nhung dim m tai d tip tuyn voi (C) cng phuong
voi truc honh.
Bi 29: Cho
3
2
( ) : 2 3 2
3
x
C y x x = + + . Tm m d (C) c tip tuyn voi h s gc m.
Bi 30: Chung minh rng trn
2
2
( ) :
1
x x
H y
x
+
=
+
khng c dim no m tai d tip tuyn song
song voi duong thng ( ) : 3 5 d y x = +
Bi 31: Tm m d d thi
3 2
( ) : 2 C y x x = + c t ra mt tip tuyn vung gc voi duong thng
( ) : 2010 0( 0) d x my m + + = .

11

CHUYN DE 2: KHAO ST SJ BIEN THIN V V DO THJ CUA
HM S

Vn d 1: S bin thin - cc tr| - gi tr| ln nht, nho nht cua hm s

CAN NH: xt su bin thin cua hm so ( ) y f x = ta thuc hin cc buoc sau:
Buoc 1: Tm tap xc dinh D cua hm so
Buoc 2: Tm dim toi han cua hm so
(+) Giai phuong trnh 0 ( ) y x D =
(+) Tm nhng dim thuoc D m tai d y khng xc dinh
Buoc 3: Lap bang xt dau y tu d dua ra kt luan
Ch : (i) 0 y th hm dong bin; 0 y th hm nghich bin
(ii) Dau cua tam thuc: trong tri ngoi cng; Dau cua nhi thuc: phai cng tri khc

BI TAP

Bi 1: Tm cc khoang don diu cua cc hm s sau:
1)
2
2 1 y x x = + + 2)
3 2
3 3 5 y x x x = + + 3)
3 2
6 1 y x x = + +
4)
4 3 2
1 1
3
4 2
y x x x x = + 5)
3
4
y x = 6)
4 3 2
3
3 1
4
y x x x = + + 7)
3 2
1
x
y
x

8)
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
9)
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
+
=
+ +
10)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
11)
2
( 2)
1
x
y
x

12)
3
2
4
x
y
x
=
13)
4 2
2
2 3 x x
y
x
+
= 14)
2
1
1
y x
x
= +
+

15)
2
sin cos
, [ ; ]
cos
x x
y x
x

=
12
CAN NH: tm cuc tri cua hm so ( ) y f x = ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: Tm tap xc dinh D
Buoc 2: Lap bang xt dau y tu d d dua ra kt luan
Bi 2: Tm cuc tri cua cc hm sau:
1)
3 2
2 3 12 5 y x x x = + 2)
2 4
2 y x x = 3)
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+
=

4)
2
16
y x
x
= 5)
2
3
1
x
y
x
=
+
6)
3
2
1
x
y
x
=
7)
2
3 6 y x x = + +
8)
3 3
3 2 y x x = 9)
2
2 1 y x x = + + 10)
2
8 y x x = + 11) 4 y x x =
12)
ln
x
y
x
= 13)
x
y xe = 14)
x
y x e = 15) ln y x x = 16)
ln x
y
x
=
17)
2
4 3 y x x = +
CAN NH: Cch khc tm cuc tri tri cua hm so ( ) y f x =
Buoc 2: Giai phuong trnh 0 ( ) y x D = . Gia su
o
x l nghim
Buoc 3: Tnh ( )
o
y x , nu: (+) ( ) 0
o
y x > th
o
x l dim cuc tiu
(+) ( ) 0
o
y x < th
o
x l dim cuc dai
Bi 3: Cho hm sin
x
y e x =
a) Tm cuc tri cua hm s trn doan [0; 2 ]
b) Tm cuc tri cua hm s trn tp xc dinh
Bi 4: Tm cuc tri cua hm sau
a)
2
sin 3 cos , [0; ] y x x x = b) 2sin cos 2 , [0; ] y x x x = +
CAN NH: tm GTLN, GTNN cua hm f(x) trn tap D, ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: Lap bang bin thin cua hm f trn D
Buoc 2: Tu bang xt dau kt luan

13
Bi 5: Tm GTLN, GTNN cua cc hm sau:
a)
2
( ) 1 4 f x x x = + b)
4
3
3
( ) 1
4
x
f x x = + c)
4
2
2
( ) f x x
x
= +
d)
2
4 4
( ) ( 0)
x x
f x x
x
+ +
= > e)
2
2
3( 1)
( )
2 2
x
f x
x x
+
=
+ +
f)
2
8 3
( )
1
x
f x
x x
=
+

g)
2
4 2
1
( )
1
x
f x
x x
=
+
h)
2
1
( )
x x
f x
x
+ +
= i)
3 2
1
( ) 2 4 10
3
f x x x x = +
Ch : Nu tm GTLN, GTNN cua hm f(x) trn doan [a;b] th ta lm don gian hon:
Buoc 1: Tnh ( ) f x v giai phuong trnh ( ) 0 ( [ ; ]) f x x a b = . Gia su
o
x l nghim
Buoc 2: Tnh ( ), ( ), ( )
o
f a f b f x roi so snh cc gi tri ny. Tu d kt luan
a)
3 2
( ) 6 9 , [0; 4] f x x x x x = + b)
4 2
( ) 2 5, [ 2;3] f x x x x = +
c)
5 4 3
( ) 5 5 1, [ 1; 2] f x x x x x = + + d)
2
( ) 3 10 f x x x = +
e)
2
( ) 2 5 f x x x = + f) ( ) 2 4 f x x x = + + g)
2
( ) ( 2) 4 f x x x = +
a)
3
4
( ) 2sin sin , [0; ]
3
f x x x x = b)
2
( ) cos , 0;
2 2
f x x x x
(
= +
(

Bi 8: Tm kch thuoc cua hnh chu nht c chu vi lon nht ni tip trong nua duong trn bn knh
R cho truoc.
Bi 9: Tm hnh thang cn c din tch nho nht ngoai tip duong trn bn knh R cho truoc
Bi 10: Cho hnh thang cn ABCD c dy nho AB v 1 AD BC cm = = . Tnh gc
x DAB = sao cho

hnh thang c din tch lon nht v tnh din tch d.

14
Vn d 2: Dim un v tim cn cua d th| hm s
CAN NH: tm dim uon cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x = ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 2: Giai phuong trnh 0 y =
Buoc 3: Lap bang xt dau y tu d suy ra kt luan
Ch : y > th do thi lm
0 y < th do thi loi
y doi dau khi x qua
o
x th ( ; ( ))
o o
x f x l dim uon cua do thi
BI TAP
Bi 1: Xc dinh khoang li, lm v dim un (nu c) cua d thi cc hm sau
1)
3 2
3 2 1 y x x x = + 2)
3 2
3 2 y x x x = + + 3)
3 2
6 12 y x x x = + +
4)
3 2
3 4 y x x = + 5)
3 2
3 4 2 y x x x = + + 6)
2
7
2 3
8
y x x = +
7)
2 4
2 y x x = 8)
3 2
1
x
y
x
9)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

10)
4 3 2
12 48 50 y x x x = + 11) sin y x x = + 12)
3
2
1
x
y
x
=
+

13)
2
1 y x = + 14)
4
(12ln 7) y x x = 15)
2
ln( 1) y x =
CAN NH: Cch chung minh ba dim uon cua ( ) : ( ) C y f x = thng hng
Buoc 1: Chung minh (C) c ba dim uon
Buoc 2: Toa do dim uon thoa mn h
( ) 0
( )
f x
y ax b
y f x
=
= +

Buoc 3: Vay ba dim uon cng nm trn duong thng y ax b = + nn chng thng hng
Bi 2: Chung minh d thi cua cc hm sau c ba dim un v ba dim un thng hng
a)
2
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
b)
2
2 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
c)
2
2
2 3
3 3
x x
y
x x
=
+
d)
3
2
4 5
x
y
x x
=
+

15
CAN NH: tm tim can cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x = ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 2: Tnh lim ( ) f x khi x tin dn bin cua tap xc dinh tu d kt luan
Ch : lim ( )
o
x x
f x
= th
o
x x = l tim can dung
lim ( )
x
f x b
= th y b = l tim can ngang

( )
lim
lim( ( ) )
x
x
f x
a
x
f x ax b
th y ax b = + l tim can xin

Bi 3: Tm tim cn ngang v dung (nu c) cua cc d thi hm sau:
a)
1
2
x
y
x
b)
1 2
3 1
x
y
x
=
+
c)
2
2
2 3
3 2
x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+
d)
6
6
x
y
x x
=

Ch : Cho hm so ( ) y f x = nu ( ) lim ( ) ( ) 0
x
f x ax b
+ = th y ax b = + l tim can xin. Do d,

d tm tim can xin cua hm dang
2
( )
ax bx c
f x
mx n
+ +
=
+
ta bin doi ( )
C
f x Ax B
mx n
= + +
+
. Khi d,
duong y Ax B = + l tim can xin.
Bi 4: Tm tim cn (nu c) cua cc hm sau
a)
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
b)
2
2 8
1
x x
y
x

=
c)
4 2
3
2 2 1
1
x x x
y
x
+ +
=

Bi 5: Tm tim cn cua d thi cc hm sau:
a)
2
2 3 y x x = + + b)
2
6 6 y x x x = + + c)
3 3
3 y x x =

16

Vn d 3: Khao st s bin thin v v d th| cua hm s

DUNG LI TONG QUT DE KHAO ST SJ BIEN THIN V V DO THJ CUA
HM S

Buoc 1: Tm tap xc dinh D cua hm so
Buoc 2: Su bin thin
(i) Gioi han tim can
(+) Tnh lim ( ) f x khi x tin dn bin cua tap xc dinh
(+)Tu d tm tim can nu c
(ii) Su bin thin
(+) Tnh y v giai phuong trnh 0 y =
(+) Lap bang bin thin, tu d suy ra khoang tng, giam, cuc tri (nu c)
Buoc 3: Ve do thi
(i) Tm dim dc bit
(ii) Ve do thi theo so do: h toa do tim can (nu c) dim dc bit do thi
Buoc 4: Nhan xt tnh chat dc bit cua do thi

HM BAC BA
3 2
( 0) y ax bx cx d a = + + +
CAN NH: (i) o thi khng c tim can
(ii) C mot dim uon v l tm doi xung cua do thi
(iii) Cho dim dc bit bng cch cho
ct
y y =

17
BI TAP

Khao st su bin thin v v d thi cua cc hm sau:
1)
3 2
3 2 y x x = + 2)
3 2
3 2 y x x = + 3)
3 2
3 1 y x x = +
4)
3 2
3 1 y x x = + 5)
3 2
3 1 y x x = + + 6)
3 2
( 3 1) y x x = + +
7)
3 2
2 6 6 1 y x x x = + + 8)
3 2
2 6 6 1 y x x x = + 9)
3 2
3 3 1 y x x x = + +
10)
3 2
3 3 1 y x x x = + 11)
3 2
3 4 y x x = + 12)
2
(1 )( 2) y x x = +
13)
3 2
2 3 1 y x x = + 14)
3 2
3 5 2 y x x x = + + 15)
3
3 2 y x x = +
16)
3 2
3 9 27 y x x x = + 17)
3 2
16 16 y x x x = + + 18)
3 2
3 4 y x x x = +
19)
3 2
3 y x x = 20)
3 2
1
2 3
3
y x x x = + + 21)
3
1 2
3 3
y x x = +

HM BAC BN TRNG PHUONG
4 2
( 0) y ax bx c a = + +

CAN NH: (i) o thi khng c tim can
(ii) o thi doi xung qua Oy
(iii) Cho dim dc bit doi xung nhau qua Oy

BI TAP
1)
4 2
2 1 y x x = 2)
4 2
2 1 y x x = + + 3)
4 2
1 3
3
2 2
y x x = +
4)
4 2
1 3
3
2 2
y x x = + 5)
4
2
3
2 2
x
y x = + 6)
4
2
3
2 2
x
y x = +
7)
4 2
2 1 y x x = + + 8)
4 2
2 1 y x x = 9)
4 2
4 3 y x x = +
10)
4 2
1 y x x = + 11)
4 2
4 20 y x x = + 12)
4 2
2 3 y x x = +
18

HM HU TY BAC NHT TRN BAC NHT
( 0, 0)
ax b
y c ad bc
cx d
+
=
+

CAN NH: (i)
2 2
( ) ( )
a b
c d ad bc
y
cx d cx d
= =
+ +

(ii) o thi c hai tim can: dung v ngang
(iii) o thi doi xung qua giao hai tim can
(iv) im dc bit: giao voi cc truc toa do

BI TAP
1)
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
2)
2 1
3
x
y
x
=
+
3)
2
1
x
y
x
+
=
4)
1
2 1
x
y
x
=
+

HM HU TY BAC HAI TRN BAC MT
2
( 0)
ax bx c
y am
mx n
+ +
=
+

CAN NH: (i) Chia tu cho mau truoc khi khao st, ta duoc
C
y Ax B
mx n
= + +
+

(ii)
2
2
2 ( )
'
( )
amx anx bn mc
y
mx n
+ +
=
+

(iii) o thi c hai tim can: dung v xin; dong thoi doi xung qua giao dim hai tim can

19
BI TAP

1)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+
=
2)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+
=
3)
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
4)
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
+

5)
2
3
1
x x
y
x
6)
2
2 3
2
x x
y
x

=
7)
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
8)
2
2 x
y
x
=
9)
2
5
2
x x
y
x
+
=
10)
2
1
x
y
x
=
11)
2
2 1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
12)
2
2 3
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=

13)
2
4 3
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
14)
2
1
2
x
y
x
+
=
+
15)
2
3
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
16)
2
3 4
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

MT VI HM KHC

CAN NH: (i) Cch xt dau cua hm lin tuc
(ii) Nhn vo bang bin thin d ve do thi

BI TAP
1)
4 3 2
4
2 4 1
3
y x x x x = + + 2)
4 3 2
1 2 5
6 2
4 3 2
y x x x x = + +
3)
2
2
5 1
1
x x
y
x x
+
=
+
4)
2
2
2 3
2 3
x x
y
x x
+
=
+

5)
2
2 2 y x x = + 6)
1
1
x
y
x
=
+
7)
3 3
3 y x x =

8)
3
2
3 2 y x x = + 9)
4 2
2 1 y x x = + + 10)
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+
=

20

CHUYN DE 3: MT S BI TON LIN QUAN DEN KHAO
ST HM S

Vn d 1: TNH DON DIJU CUA HM S V UNG DJNG

CAN NH: 1) Cho hm f xc dinh trn tap D. Khi d,
(i) Hm f(x) dong bin trn D ( ) 0, f x x D
(ii) Hm f(x) nghich bin trn D ( ) 0, f x x D
(Dau = chi duoc php xay ra tai hu han dim. Tuy nhin, doi voi cc hm m chng ta xt trong
ti liu ny th diu kin ny khng can thit)
2) Cho tam thuc
2
( ) f x ax bx c = + + . Khi d,
(i)
0
( ) 0( ( ) 0),
0( 0)
a
f x f x x
>
>

<

0
( ) 0( ( ) 0),
0( 0)
a
f x f x x
<
<

<

(ii)
1 2
0 0 0 x x P ac < < < <
1 2
0
0 0
0
x x S
P

< >
>

1 2
0
0 0
0
x x S
P

< <
>

(iii)
1 2
( ) 0 x x af < < <
1 2
0
( ) 0
2
x x af
S

< >
>

1 2
0
( ) 0
2
x x af
S

< >
<

21
BI TAP

Bi 1: Tm m d cc hm s sau dng bin (nghich bin) trn tp xc dinh
a)
3 2
1
2 2
3
y x x mx = + b)
x m
y
x m
+
=
c)
2
2 1
1
mx x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Bi 2: Ty theo m, khao st su bin thin cua hm
3 2
4 ( 3) y x m x mx = + + +
Bi 3: Cho hm
3 2
1
1
3
y x mx mx = + + . Dinh m d hm s:
a) Dng bin trn tp xc dinh
b) Dng bin trn khoang ( ; 0)
c) Nghich bin trong khoang ( ; 0)
Bi 4: Cho hm
2
5
3
x mx
y
x
+
=
. Dinh m d hm s:
a) Nghich bin trong tung khoang xc dinh
b) Giam trong khoang ( 1; 0)
c) Tng trong khoang ( 2; 2)
Bi 5: Cho hm
3 2
1
( 1) ( 3) 4
3
y x m x m x = + + + . Dinh m d hm s:
a) Giam trn tp xc dinh
b) Giam trong khoang (0; ) +
c) Tng trong khoang (0;3)
CAN NH: chung minh bat dng thuc ( ) ( ), A x B x x D > ta thuong lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: Bin doi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 A x B x A x B x > > v dt ( ) ( ) ( ) f x A x B x =
Buoc 2: Xt su bin thin cua hm f. Tu d chung to ( ) 0, f x x D >
Ch : (i) f tng th ( ) ( ) a b f a f b < <
(ii) f giam th ( ) ( ) a b f a f b < >
22
Bi 5: Chung minh cc bt dng thuc sau
a) 2sin tan 3 , 0;
2
x x x x
| |
+ >
|
\ .
b) tan , 0;
2
x x x
| |
>
|
\ .

c)
3
tan , 0;
3 2
x
x x x
| |
> +
|
\ .
d)
2
sin , 0;
2
x
x x

| |
>
|
\ .

Bi 6: Chung minh:
a) Nu 0
2
a b

< < < th tan tan b a a b <
b) Nu tam gic ABC c ba gc nhon th sin sin sin tan tan tan 2 A B C A B C + + + + + >
Bi 7: Chung minh voi 0 x > ta lun c
3 3 5
sin
3! 3! 5!
x x x
x x < < +

Vn d 2: CJC TRJ C DIEU KIJN

CAN NH: Tm diu kin d hm f dat cuc tri tai
o
x , ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: f dat cuc tri tai
o
x ( ) 0
o
f x = gi tri tham so
Buoc 2: Thu lai roi kt luan
BI TAP
Bi 1: Tm m d hm s
2
1
( )
x mx
f x
xm
+ +
= dat cuc tri tai 2
o
x =
Bi 2: Tm m d hm s
1
( ) sin sin3
3
f x m x x = + dat cuc tri tai
3
o
x

=
Bi 3: Tm m d hm
3 2 2 2
( ) 3 3( 1) 1 f x x mx m x m = + + dat cuc dai (cuc tiu) tai 1
o
x =
CAN NH: Hm f c cuc tri (n cuc tri) khi v chi khi 0 f = c nghim (n nghim) v f doi dau
khi x qua cc nghim d.
Ch : oi voi hm bac ba
2 2
y ax bx cx d = + + + v hm hu tv bac hai trn mot
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+

th: c cc trj c hai cc trj c cc di v cc tiu 0 y = c hai nghim phn bit.
23
Bi 4: Tm m d hm sau c cuc tri
a)
3 2
1
( 6) 1
3
y x mx m x = + + + b)
3 2
2 1 y x x mx = +
c)
2
2
4
x x m
y
x
+
=
d)
2
2
1
x mx
y
x
+
=
+
e)
2
2
1
x mx
y
mx
+
=

Bi 5: Tm d hm
2
2 cos 1
2sin
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
c cuc dai v cuc tiu
Bi 6: Cho hm
4 3 2
4 3( 1) 1 y x mx m x = + + + + . Tm m d hm s:
a) Chi c mt cuc tiu
b) Chi c mt cuc dai
Ch : (i) Xt hm bac ba
2 2
y ax bx cx d = + + + Ta c cc nhan xt sau:
V y l tam thuc bac hai nn ta c th su dung dinh l Viet v dinh l v dau cua
tam thuc cac hai.
Nu
1 2
, x x l cc dim cuc tri th
1 2
, x x l nghim cua 0 y = . Do d, d tnh
1 2
, y y ta lm nhu sau: (+) Chia y cho y ta duoc . ( ) y y P x Ax B = + +
(+) Khi d,
1 1 1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) y y x y x P x Ax B Ax B = = + + = + ;
2 2 2
( ) y y x Ax B = = +
Ta thay hai dim cuc tri
1 1 1 2 2 2
( ; ), ( ; ) M x y M x y thoa mn phuong trnh y Ax B = +
nn phuong trnh duong thng qua hai dim cuc tri l y Ax B = + .
(ii) Xt hm hu tv bac hai trn mot
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
. Ta c vi nhan xt sau:
V
2
2
2 ( )
'
( )
amx anx bn mc
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
nn dau cua y l dau cua tam thuc bac hai
2
( ) 2 ( ) g x amx anx bn mc = + + .
Do d, ta van c th su dung dinh l Viet v dinh l v dau cua tam thuc cac hai.
Nu
1 2
, x x l cc dim cuc tri th
1 2
, x x th
1 2
1 2
2 2
,
ax b ax b
y y
m m
+ +
= = . Do d,
phuong trnh duong thng qua cc dim cuc tri l
2ax b
y
m
+
= .

24
Bi 7: Cho hm
3 2
1 1
( 1) 3( 2)
3 3
y mx m x m x = + + . Tm m d hm s
a) Dat cuc dai v cuc tiu
b) C hai cuc tri tri du
c) Dat cuc tri tai
1 2
, x x thoa
1 2
2 1 x x + =
Bi 8: Tm m d d thi (C):
3 2 2
2 3(3 1) 12( ) 1 y x m x m m x = + + + + c cuc dai v cuc tiu. Vit
phuong trnh duong thng qua hai dim cuc tri d.
Bi 9: Dinh m d hm
3 2
( 3) (4 1) y x m x m x m = + dat cuc tri tai
1 2
, x x thoa
1 2
2 x x < <
Bi 10: Cho hm
2 2
2 1 x mx m
y
x m

=
. Dinh m d hm s c:
a) Mt cuc dai v mt cuc tiu
b) Hai cuc tri v hai gi tri cng du
c) Cuc tiu c honh d nho hon 1
Bi 11: Dinh m d hm
2
1
1
mx
y
x
+
=
c hai cuc tri. Trong truong hop d, chung minh hai cuc tri cua
d thi hm s o v cng mt pha so voi truc honh.
Bi 12: Cho hm
2
2
2 mx x m
y
x x
+
=
. Dinh m d hm s;
a) Tng trn tung khoang xc dinh
b) Chi c mt cuc tri
c) Dat cuc dai v cuc tiu tai dim c honh d duong
Bi 13: Cho hm
3 2
1 1 3
(sin cos ) (sin2 ) 1
3 2 4
y x x x = + + + .
a) Dinh d hm c cuc tri
b) Goi
1 2
, x x l cc dim cuc tri , tm d
2 2
1 2 1 2
x x x x + = +
Bi 14: Cho hm
3 2 2
3( 10 (2 3 2) ( 1) y x m x m m x m m = + + . Vit phuong trnh duong thng
qua cc dim cuc tri cua d thi hm s trong truong hop hm c hai cuc tri
25
Bi 15: Tm m d d thi (H):
2
( 1) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=
c cuc dai v cuc tiu. Vit phuong trnh

duong thng qua hai dim cuc tri d.
Bi 16: Dinh p d hm s
2
3
4
x x p
y
x
+ +
=
c gi tri cuc dai M, gi tri cuc tiu m thoa 4 M m =

Bi 17: Dinh m d hm s
2
2 3 x x m
y
x m
+
=
c cuc dai, cuc tiu thoa 8

cd ct
y y >
Bi 18: Tm m d d thi hm s
3 2
1 1
( 1) 3( 2)
3 3
y mx m x m x = + + c cuc dai, cuc tiu dng thoi
duong thng qua cc dim cuc tri
a) Song song voi duong thng ( ) : 2 2010 0 d x y + =
b) Vung gc voi duong thng ( ) 2 2010 0 x y =
Bi 19: Chung minh hm ( )( )( ), y x a x b x c a b c = < < lun dat cuc tri tai hai dim
1 2
, x x thoa
1 2
a x b x c < < < <
Bi 20: Xc dinh m d hm
4 3
8 3(2 1) 4 y x mx m x = + chi c cuc dai m khng c cuc tiu.

Vn d 3: TNH DI XUNG CUA DO THJ

CAN NH: Tm diu kin d ( ; ) I a b l dim uon cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x = , ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: ( ; ) I a b l dim uon cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x =
( ) 0
( )
f a
f a b
=
tham so
Buoc 2: Thu lai kt luan

BI TAP
Bi 1: Tm diu kin cua tham s d (C) nhn I lm dim un, bit:
a)
3
2
( ) : ( ) 3 2, (1; 0)
x
C y f x m I
m
= = + b)
3 2
( ) : ( ) 4, (2; 6) C y f x ax bx x I = = + +
c)
4 3 2
1 2
( ) : ( ) , (1;1), (3; 7) C y f x x ax bx cx d I I = = + + + +
26
CAN NH: chung minh ( ; )
o o
I x y l tm doi xung cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x = ta lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: t
o
o
x x X
y y Y
= +
= +
, thay vo phuong trnh ( ) y f x = d duoc hm ( ) Y F X =

Buoc 2: Chung minh ( ) Y F X = l hm le
Ngoi ra: ( ; )
o o
I x y l tm doi xung cua ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ,
o o o o
C y f x f x x f x x y x x D = + + =
BI TAP
Bi 1: Chung minh rng dim un l tm di xung cua d thi hm s sau:
a)
3 2
3 1 y x x = + b)
3 2
3 2 y x x = +
Bi 2: Chung minh rng giao hai tim cn l tm di xung cua d thi cc hm:
a)
1
( )
1
x
f x
x
=
+
b)
2 3
( )
x
f x
x
=
c)
2
1
( )
1
x x
f x
x
+ +
=
d)
2
2
( )
1
x x
f x
x

CAN NH: chung minh duong thng ( ) :
o
x x = l truc doi xung cua do thi ( ) : ( ) C y f x = ta
lm nhu sau:
Buoc 1: t
o
o
x x X
y y Y
= +
= +
, thay vo phuong trnh ( ) y f x = d duoc hm ( ) Y F X =

Buoc 2: Chung minh ( ) Y F X = l hm chn
Ngoi ra: ( ) :
o
x x = l truc doi xung cua ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ),
o o o
C y f x f x x f x x x x D = = +
BI TAP
Bi 1: Chung minh rng duong thng ( ) : 1 d x = l truc di xung cua d thi cc hm
a)
4 3 2
( ) 4 7 6 4 f x x x x x = + + b)
4 3 2
( ) 4 6 4 f x x x x x = +
c)
4 3 2
( ) 4 2 12 1 f x x x x x = +
Bi 2: Tm m d (C) c truc di xung song song voi truc Oy, bit rng:
a)
4 3 2
( ) : ( ) 4 C f x x x mx = + + b)
4 3 2
( ) : ( ) 2( 2) C f x x mx m x = + +
27

Vn d 4: TUONG GIAO GIA HAI DO THJ

Dng 1: Tuong giao gia hai d th| ( ) : ( ) = F y f x v ( ) : ( ) = G y g x

Phuong php:
Buoc 1: Lap phuong trnh honh do giao dim cua (F) v (G): ( ) ( ) f x g x = (*)
Buoc 2: So nghim cua (*) bng so dim chung cua (F) v (G)
+) (*) c n nghim don phn bit: (F) v (G) ct nhau tai n dim phn bit
+) (*) c n nghim boi phn bit: (F) v (G) tip xc nhau tai n dim phn bit
+) (*) v nghim: (F) v (G) khng c dim chung
Bi 1: Tm m d duong thng (d) ct hypebol (H) tai hai dim phn bit. Bit rng:
a) (d): 1 y mx = + v (H):
2
4 3
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

b) (d): 2 2 y mx m = + v
2
2 4
( ) :
2
x x
H y
x
+
=

c) ( ) : 1 d y mx = + v
1
( ) :
1
x
H y
x
+
=

Bi 2: Tm m d duong thng y mx = ct
3 2
( ) : 3 3 C y x x m = + + tai hai dim phn bit.
Bi 3: Cho duong cong
3 2
( ) : 4 4 C y x x = + v duong thng ( ) : 4 d y mx = + . Tm m d (C) v (d):
a) Ct nhau tai 3 dim phn bit
b) Ct nhau tai 3 dim phn bit c honh d khng m
c) C duy nht mt dim chung
d) Khng c dim chung
Bi 4: Bin lun theo m vi tr tuong di giua
2
( ) : H y x
x
= + v ( ) : 4 d y mx m = +
28
Bi 5: Cho hm
3 2 2 2
( 1) ( 3) 3( )
m
y x m x m m x m C = + + + + . Dinh m d ( )
m
C ct Ox tai:
a) Ba dim phn bit
b) Ba dim phn bit c honh d duong
c) Ba dim phn bit trong d c dng hai dim c honh d m
Bi 6: Dinh m d
3 2
( ) : 3
m
C y x mx m = + ct truc honh tai ba dim phn bit.
Ch : Cho ( ) ( ) y f x C = l hm bac ba. Truc honh ct (C) tai ba dim phn bit
1 2
1 2
( ) 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet ,
( ) ( ) 0
f x x x
f x f x
=

<

Bi 7: Dinh m d
3 2
( ) : 18 2
m
C y x x mx m = + ct Ox tai ba dim phn bit c honh d duong.
Ch : Cho
3 2
( ) : ( 0) C y ax bx cx d a = + + + . Khi d, Ox ct (C) tai ba dim phn bit c
honh d duong
1 2
1 2
( ) 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet 0
( ) ( ) 0
(0) 0
f x x x
f x f x
af
= < <
<
<

Bi 8: Cho
3
( ) : 3 1 C y x x = + v
2 2 2
( ) : 3 3 P y mx m x m = + . Dinh m d (C) v (P) ct nhau tai ba
dim phn bit c honh d duong.
Bi 9: Chung minh rng duong thng ( ) : d y x m = + lun ct
2 1
( ) :
2
x
H y
x
+
=
+
tai hai dim A, B
phn bit. Tm m d doan AB ngn nht.
Bi 10: Tm m d
2
( ) :
1
m
mx x m
H y
x
+ +
=
ct Ox tai hai dim phn bit c honh d duong.

Bi 11: Tm m d ( ) : 3 d y mx = + ct
2 1
( ) :
1
x
H y
x
+
=
tai 2 dim A, B sao cho OAB vung tai O.

Bi 12: Dinh m d ( ) : d y m = ct
2
2 5
( ) :
1
x x
H y
x
+
=
tai hai dim A, B sao cho OAB c din

tch bng 3 (dvdt)
Ch : Nu
1 2 3
, , x x x l ba nghim cua th
1 2 3
1 2 1 3 2 3
1 2 3
b
x x x
a
c
x x x x x x
a
d
x x x
a
+ + =
+ + =

29
Bi 13: Dinh m d
3 2
( ) : 3 9
m
C y x x x m = + ct Ox tai 3 dim phn bit c honh d lp thnh
mt cp s cng.
Bi 14: Cho
3 2 3
( ) : 3 4
m
C y x mx m = + . Tm m d ( ) : d y x = ct ( )
m
C tai ba dim phn bit A, B,
C sao cho AB BC = .
Bi 15: Tm m d
4 2
( ) : 2 2 1
m
C y x mx m = + ct Ox tai bn dim phn bit c honh d lp thnh
mt cp s cng.
Bi 15: Tm m d hai duong cong
4
( ) : C y x = v
2 2
( ) : 2( 4) 8 P y m x m = + ct nhau tai bn
dim A, B, C, D sao cho AB BC CD = = .
Bi 16: Dinh m d phuong trnh
3 2
1 0 x mx + = c nghim duy nht

Dng 2: S tip xc gia hai d th| ( ) : ( ) = F y f x v ( ) : ( ) = G y g x

Phuong php:
Cch 1: ( ) F v ( ) G tip xc
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
=
(I) c nghim x
Cch 2: ( ) F v ( ) G tip xc ( ) ( ) f x g x = (II) c nghim kp (boi)
Ch : Honh d tip dim chnh l nghim cua (I) hoc (II)
Dng cch 2 khi phuong trnh honh d l bc 2 hoc c th dua duoc v dang bc 2.
Ngoi ra, dng cch 1.

BI TAP
Bi 1: Tm m d sao cho:
a) ( ) : d y m = tip xc voi
2
3 2 1
( ) :
2
mx mx m
H y
x
+ + +
=
+

b) ( ) : 4 d y m = + tip xc voi
2
(2 1) 3
( ) : ( 1)
2
mx m x m
H y m
x
+ + + +
=
+

c)
3 2
( ) : 2 ( 1) C y x x m x m = + tip xc voi Ox
d)
3
( ) : 9 C y x x = v
2
( ) : 9 P y mx m = + tip xc nhau.
30
Bi 2: Tm m d sao cho:
a)
3 2
( ) : 2 3( 3) 18 8 C y x m x mx = + + tip xc voi Ox
b) ( ) : 1 d y = tip xc voi
3 2
( ) : 4 6( 2) 24 9
m
C y x m x mx = + +
c)
2
1
( ) :
1
x x
H y
x
+
=
v
2
( ) : P y x m = + tip xc nhau.
d)
2
2 2
( ) :
1
x x
H y
x
+ +
=
+
v
2
( ) : P y x m = + tip xc nhau.

Vn d 5: BIJN LUAN S NGHIJM CUA PHUONG TRNH BANG DO THJ

Bi ton: Bin luan so nghim cua phuong trnh ( , ) 0 F x m = (*) bng do thi
Hung giai: Ta d bit So nghim cua phuong trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = bng so dim chung cua
hai do thi ( ) : ( ) F y f x = v ( ) : ( ) G y g x = , do d, d giai bi loai ny ta tm cch bin doi (*) v
dang phuong trnh honh do giao dim cua nhung do thi thch hop, sau d ve cc do thi ny roi tu
do thi dua ra kt luan.
Dng 1: ( , ) 0 ( ) ( ) = = F x m f x h m
Phuong php:
Buoc 1: Khng dinh so nghim cua (*) bng so dim chung cua duong thng ( ) : ( ) d y h m =
v duong ( ) : ( ) C y f x =
Buoc 2: Ve ( ) : ( ) C y f x = v ( ) : ( ) d y h m = trn cng mot h truc toa do
Buoc 3: Nhn vo do thi d kt luan

BI TAP

Bi 1: Cho hm
3
3 1 y x x = + c d thi (C).
a) Khao st hm s
b) Dng (C) bin lun s nghim cua phuong trnh : 1)
3
3 1 x x m + = 2)
3
3 2 0 x x m + =
31
Bi 2: Cho hm
2
1
x
y
x
=
+
c d thi (H).
a) Khao st hm s
b) Dng (H) bin lun s nghim cua phuong trnh :
2
0 x mx m =
Bi 3: Tm m d
4 2
2 2 0 x x m + = c 3 nghim phn bit.
Bi 4: Cho hm
2
2 1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
+
c d thi (H).
a) V d (H)
b) Tm m d phuong trnh
2
cos (2 ) cos 1 0 t m t m + + = c nghim

Dng 2: ( , ) 0 ( ) = = + F x m f x kx m, k l hng s

Phuong php:
Buoc 1: Khng dinh so nghim cua (*) bng so dim chung cua duong thng
( ) : d y kx m = + v duong ( ) : ( ) C y f x =
Buoc 2: Ve ( ) : ( ) C y f x = v cc tip tuyn cua (C) c h so gc k trn cng mot h truc
toa do
Buoc 3: Nhn vo do thi d kt luan
BI TAP
Bi 1: Cho hm
3
2 1
x
y
x
+
=
(H)
a) Khao st hm s
b) Lp phuong trnh tip tuyn voi (H) bit tip tuyn song song voi phn gic gc phn tu
thu 2 v thu 4
c) Dua vo (H) bin lun s nghim cua phuong trnh
2
2 2( 1) 3 0 x m x m + + + =
Bi 2: Cho hm
3 2
2 y x x x = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Bin lun theo m s nghim phuong trinh
3 2
2 0 x x m + =
32

Vn d 6: DIEM C DJNH CUA H DO THJ

Phuong php: Cho ho duong cong ( ) : ( , ) =
m
C y f x m voi m l tham so v dim ( , )
o o
A x y . Ta c:
( ) ( , )
m o o
A C y f x m = (*)
Xem (*) l phuong trnh an m. Khi d, ta kt luan:
(*) v nghim m: Khng c do thi no cua ho ( )
m
C qua A
(*) c dng n nghim: C dng n duong trong ho ( )
m
C qua A
(*) nghim dng voi moi m: Moi duong cong trong ho ( )
m
C du qua A. Ta goi A l dim
c djnh cua ho ( )
m
C .

BI TAP

Bi 1: Tm dim c dinh cua ho d thi sau:
a)
3 2
( ) : ( 1) (2 ) 1
m
C y mx m x m x m = + +
b)
2
( ) : (1 ) (3 1) 5 2
m
C y m x m x m = +
c)
2
3 2 1
( ) :
2
m
mx mx m
H y
x
+ + +
=
+
d)
2
( 1) 1
( ) :
2
m
mx m x
H y
mx
+ + +
=
+

Bi 2: Chung minh rng:
a)
3 2 2 2
( ) : 4 2
m
C y x m x mx m m = + + lun di qua mt dim c dinh
b)
( 1) 2
( ) :
m
m x
H y
x m

=
lun di qua hai dim c dinh voi moi 1 m v 2 m

3 2
( ) : ( 1) 2
m
C y x m x mx m = + + lun tip xc voi mt dim c dinh tai
mt dim c dinh.
2
2 (1 ) 1
( ) :
m
x m x m
H y
x m
+ + +
=
lun tip xc voi mt dim c dinh tai

mt dim c dinh voi moi 1 m .
33
Bi 5: Cho ho duong cong
3 2 2
( ) : ( 1) 4
m
C y x m x m = + + . Tm trn ( ) : 2 d x = nhung dim M m:
a) Qua M c duy nht mt duong cong trong ho ( )
m
C di qua
b) Qua M c hai duong cong trong ho ( )
m
C di qua
c) Qua M khng c duong cong no trong ho ( )
m
C di qua
Bi 6: Cho ho
2
( ) : 2 2 2 4 0
m
C xy my mx m m + = . Tm nhung dim M sao cho:
a) C dng mt ( )
m
C di qua
b) C dng hai ( )
m
C di qua
c) Khng c ( )
m
C no di qua.
Bi 7: Tm trn ( ) : 1 d x = nhung dim m khng c d thi no cua ho
2
(3 1)
( ) :
m
m x m m
H y
x m
+ +
=
+

di qua.
Bi 8: Cho
3 2
( ) : 2 1
m
C y x m x m = + + . Tm trn ( ) : 1 d x = nhung dim m c t nht mt d thi
cua ho ( )
m
C di qua.
Bi 9: Chung minh rng ho parabol
2
( ) : 2( 1) 1
m
P y mx m x m = + + lun tip xc nhau tai mt
dim c dinh.

Vn d 7: QUY TCH DAI S

Phuong php: d tm quv tch dim ( ; ) M x y thoa diu kin cho truoc ta thuc hin cc buoc sau:
Buoc 1: Tu diu kin cho truoc tm toa do M theo tham so, chng han
( )
:
( )
x f m
M
y g m
=

Buoc 2: Khu tham so trong h trn ta duoc phuong trnh hai an x, y doc lap voi m, chng
han ( , ) 0 F x y = . Khi d, ( ) : ( , ) M L F x y
Buoc 3: Tm gioi han (nu c)
Buoc 4: Kt luan
34
Ch : I l trung dim doan AB
2
2
A B
I
A B
I
x x
x
y y
y
+
=

M chia doan AB theo ty s 1 k
1
1
A B
M
A B
M
x kx
x
k
MA kMB
y ky
y
k

=

:
( )
x a
M
y g m
=
th M nm trn duong thng x = a

( )
:
x f m
M
y a
=
th M nm trn duong thng y = a

BI TAP

Bi 1: Cho hm s
2 4
( )
1
x
y H
x
+
=
+
.
a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm m d duong thng ( ) : 2 d y x m = + ct (H) tai hai dim phn bit A, B. Khi d, tm
qu tch trung dim I cua doan AB.
Bi 2: Cho hm
2
6
( )
2
x mx
y H
x m

=
+
. Tm m d (H) l mt hypebol v tm qu tch tm di xung
cua hypebol d.
Bi 3: Tm qu tch tm di xung cua
3 2
( ) : 2 3( 2) ( 1)
m
C y x m x m x m = +
Bi 4: Cho hm
2
3
( )
2
x x m
y H
x
+
=
. Xc dinh m d hm s c cuc tri. Khi d, tm qu tch dim

cuc dai cua (H).
Bi 5: Cho hm
2
( 2)
( )
1
x m x
y H
x
+
=

a) Tm m d hm s c cuc dai v cuc tiu.
b) Chung minh rng cc cuc tri cua (H) chay trn cng mt parabol c dinh.
35

Vn d 8: KHOANG CCH

CAN NH:
2 2
( ) ( )
A B A B
AB x x y y = +
Cho ( ; )
o o o
M x y v ( ) : 0 Ax By C + + = . Khi d,
1)
2 2
0
( , )
o o
o
Ax By C
d M
A B
+ + =
=
+
.
2) c bit: ( , ) , ( , )
o o o o
d M Ox x d M Oy y = =

BI TAP

Bi 1: Tm m d
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
+ +
=
+
c cuc dai, cuc tiu v khoang cch tu hai dim d toi duong
thng ( ) : 2 0 x y + + = bng nhau.
Bi 2: Cho hm
2
( )
3
x
y H
x
+
=
. Tm trn (H) nhung dim sao cho khoang cch tu n dn hai tim
cn bng nhau.
Bi 3: Cho hm
2
5 15
( )
3
x x
y H
x
+ +
=
+
.
a) Tm cc tim cn cua (H)
b) Chung minh rng tch khoang cch tu mt ( ) M H bt ky dn hai tim cn l hng s.
c) Tm ( ) M H sao cho tng khoang cch tu d dn hai tim cn nho nht
d) Tm ( ) M H cch du Ox v Oy.
e) Tm cc dim trn (H) sao cho khoang cch tu n dn Ox gp hai ln khoang cch tu n
dn Oy.

36

Vn d 9: MT S BI TRONG DE THI DAI HC V CAO DANG

Bi 1 (Khoi A 2010 2 dim) Cho hm
3 2
2 (1 ) ( )
m
y x x m x m C = + + , m l tham s thuc.
a) Khao st su bin thin v v d thi hm s khi m = 1
b) Tm m d ( )
m
C ct truc honh tai ba dim phn bit c honh d
1 2 3
, , x x x thoa mn diu
kin
2 2 2
1 2 3
4 x x x + + < .
Bi 2 (Khoi B 2010 2 dim) Cho hm
2 1
( )
1
x
y H
x
+
=
+
.
a) Khao st hm s d cho
b) Tm m d duong thng ( ) : 2 d y x m = + ct (H) tai hai dim phn bit A, B sao cho tam
gic OAB c din tch bng 3 (O l gc toa d).
Bi 3 (Khoi D 2010 2 dim) Cho hm s
4 2
6( ) y x x C = +
b) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn cua (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc voi
1
( ) : 1
6
d y x =
Bi 4 (C 2010 2 dim) Cho hm
3 2
3 1( ) y x x C = +
b) ) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn cua (C) tai dim c honh d bng 1
2
( )
2 3
x
y H
x
+
=
+

a) Khao st su bin thin v v (H)
b) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn voi (H), bit tip tuyn d ct truc tung, truc honh ln luot
tai hai dim phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn tai gc toa d O.
Bi 6 (Khoi B 2009 2 dim) Cho hm
4 2
2 4 ( ) y x x C =
a) Khao st hm s
b) Voi cc gi tri no cua m, phuong trnh
2 2
2 x x m = c dng 6 nghim thuc phn bit.
37
4 2
(3 2) 2 ( )
m
y x m x m C = + + , m l tham s thuc.
a) Khao st hm s kho m = 0
b) Tm m d duong thng y = - 1 ct ( )
m
C tai 4 dim phn bit du c honh d nh hon 2
Bi 8 (C 2009 2 dim) Cho hm
3 2
(2 1) (2 ) 2 ( )
m
y x m x m x C = + + , m l tham s thuc.
a) Khao st hm s khi m = 2
b) Tm m d hm s c cuc dai, cuc tiu v cc dim cuc tri cua ( )
m
C c honh d duong
2 2
(3 2) 2
( )
3
m
mx m x
y H
x m
+
=
+
, m l tham s thuc
b) Tm cc gi tri cua m d gc giua hai duong tim cn cua ( )
m
H bng 45
o

Bi 10 (Khoi B 2008 2 dim) Cho hm s
3 2
4 6 1( ) y x x C = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn cua d thi (C), bit tip tuyn qua ( 1; 9) M
3 2
3 4( ) y x x C = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Chung mih rng moi duong thng di qua (1; 2) I voi h s gc k (k > - 3) du ct (C) tai
ba dim phn bit I, A, B dng thoi I l trung dim AB.
Bi 12 (C 2008 2 dim) Cho hm s ( )
1
x
y H
x
=

a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm m d duong thng ( ) : d y x m = + ct (H) tai hai dim phn bit
2 2
2( 1) 4
( )
2
m
x m x m m
y H
x
+ + + +
=
+
, m l tham s thuc
a) Khao st hm s khi m = - 1
b) Tm m d hm s c cuc tri dng thoi cc dim cuc tri cua ( )
m
H cng voi gc toa d O
tao thnh mt tam gic vung tai O.
38
3 2 2 2
3 3( 1) 3 1( )
m
y x x m x m C = + + , m l tham s
b) Tm m d hm s c cuc dai, cuc tiu v cc dim cuc tri cua ( )
m
C cch du gc toa d.
Bi 15 (Khoi D 2007 2 dim) Cho hm
2
( )
1
x
y H
x
=
+

a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm ( ) M H , bit tip tuyn cua (H) tai M ct Ox, Oy tai A, B v tam gic OAB c din
tch bng
1
4
.
Bi 16 (Khoi A 2006 2 dim) Cho hm s
3 2
2 9 12 4( ) y x x x C = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm m d phuong trnh
3
2
2 9 12 x x x m + = c 6 nghim phn bit
2
1
( )
2
x x
y H
x
+
=
+

a) Khao st hm s
b) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn cua (H), bit tip tuyn vung gc voi tim cn xin cua (H)
3
3 2( ) y x x C = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Goi (d) l duong thng qua A(3; 20) v c h s gc m. Tm m d duong thng (d) ct (C)
tai 3 dim phn bit.
1
( )
m
y mx H
x
= + , m l tham s
a) Khao st hm s khi
1
4
m =
b) Tm m d hm s c cuc tri v khoang cch tu dim cuc tiu cua ( )
m
H dn tim cn xin
cua ( )
m
H bng
1
2
.

39
2
( 1) 1
( )
1
m
x m x m
y H
x
+ + + +
=
+
, m l tham s
b) Chung minh rng voi moi m, ( )
m
H lun c cuc dai, cuc tiu v khoang cch giua hai
dim d bng 20
Bi 21 (Khoi D 2005 2 dim) Cho hm
3 2
1 1
( )
3 2 3
m
m
y x x C = + , m l tham s
b) Goi M l dim thuc ( )
m
C c honh d bng 1. Tm m d tip tuyn cua ( )
m
C tai M
song song voi duong thng ( ) : 5 0 d x y =
2
3 3
( )
2( 1)
x x
y H
x
+
=

a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm m d duong thng y m = ct (H) tai hai dim A, B sao cho AB = 1
3 2
1
2 3 ( )
3
y x x x C = +
a) Khao st hm s
b) Vit phuong trnh tip tuyn (d) cua (C) tai dim un v chung minh rng (d) l tip
tuyn c h s gc nho nht.
3 2
3 9 1( )
m
y x mx x C = + + , m l tham s
b) Tm m d dim un cua ( )
m
C thuc duong thng y = x + 1
2
( )
1
m
mx x m
y H
x
+ +
=

b) Tm m d ( )
m
H ct truc honh tai hai dim phn bit c honh d duong

40
3 2
3 ( )
m
y x x m C = + , m l tham s
b) Tm m d ( )
m
C c hai dim phn bit di xung nhau qua gc toa d
2
2 4
( )
2
x x
y H
x
+
=

a) Khao st hm s
b) Tm m d duong thng ( ) : 2 2
m
d y mx m = + ct (H) tai hai dim phn bit
Bi 28 (Khoi A 2002 2,5 dim) Cho hm s
3 2 2 3 2
3 3(1 ) ( )
m
y x mx m x m m C = + + +
b) Tm k d phuong trnh
3 2 3 2
3 3 0 x x k k + + = c ba nghim phn bit.
c) Vit phuong trnh duong thng qua hai dim cuc tri cua ( )
m
C
4 2 2
( 9) 10( )
m
y mx m x C = + + , m l tham s thuc
b) Tm m d hm s c ba dim cuc tri
2
(2 1)
( )
1
m
m x m
y H
x

=

b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gioi han boi
1
( ) H
v hai truc toa d

c) Tm m d ( )
m
H tip xc voi duong thng ( ) : d y x =

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bit tip tuyn hop voi truc honh mt

x DAB = sao cho

= th y b = l tim can ngang

th y ax b = + l tim can xin

+ = th y ax b = + l tim can xin. Do d,

c cuc dai v cuc tiu. Vit phuong trnh

c gi tri cuc dai M, gi tri cuc tiu m thoa 4 M m =

c cuc dai, cuc tiu thoa 8

, thay vo phuong trnh ( ) y f x = d duoc hm ( ) Y F X =

, thay vo phuong trnh ( ) y f x = d duoc hm ( ) Y F X =

ct Ox tai hai dim phn bit c honh d duong.

tai 2 dim A, B sao cho OAB vung tai O.

tai hai dim A, B sao cho OAB c din

lun di qua hai dim c dinh voi moi 1 m v 2 m

lun tip xc voi mt dim c dinh tai

th M nm trn duong thng x = a

th M nm trn duong thng y = a

. Xc dinh m d hm s c cuc tri. Khi d, tm qu tch dim

v hai truc toa d

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