Definition

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a federal agency of the United States that regulates workplace safety and health Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, a federal law in the United States, the act that created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration mentioned above Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, a national law of Malaysia European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, an agency of the European Union

NIOSH

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (or NIOSH) is the U.S. federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of workrelated injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with research laboratories and offices in Cincinnati, Ohio; Morgantown, West Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Denver, Colorado; Anchorage, Alaska; Spokane, Washington; and Atlanta, Georgia.[1] NIOSH is a professionally diverse organization with a staff of 1,400 people representing a wide range of disciplines including epidemiology, medicine, industrial hygiene, safety, psychology, engineering, chemistry, and statistics.
DOSH

The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) is a department under the Ministry of Human Resources. This department is responsible for ensuring the safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as protecting other people from the safety and health hazards arising from the activities sectors which include.

Safety

PERSONAL SAFETY
Personal Safety refers to the freedom from physical harm and threat of physical harm, and freedom from hostility, aggression, harassment, and devaluation by members of the academic community. Safety includes worry about being victimized as well as actual incidents.

Everyone's right of access to education, academic excellence, and career achievement are seriously compromised when phyiscal and pyschological safety are in question. A positive, open and supportive climate can enhance learning and academic excellence. Interactions with instructors, colleagues, co-workers, and peers which are cooperative, friendly, helpful, focused, and trusting are important contibutors to achievement and job performance. A substandard environment is bereft if mutual respect and compassion; it may be characterized by differential treatment and devaluation of certain groups, usually women and minorities. Such an enviroment can have a negative impact on the seif-esteem, academic acheivement, career development, and income of targeted groups.

ENVIRONMENT SAFETY Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) also Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) or HES or HSE is often used as the name of a department in corporations and government agencies. The EHS guidelines were created by the International Finance Corporation in 1998. Organizations based in the United States are subject to EHS regulations found in Code of Federal Regulations, particularly 29, 40, and 49 Companies that aspire to be better environmental stewards invest in strong environmental, health and safety management, otherwise known as EHS. From an environmental standpoint, it involves creating a systematic approach to managing waste, complying with environmental regulations, or reducing the companys carbon footprint. Successful EHS programs also include measures to address ergonomics, air quality, and other aspects of workplace safety that could affect the health and well-being of employees.

EQUIPMENT SAFETY Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities. "Protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others. The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at source and may result in employees being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails.

Practices of occupational safety and health can use hazard controls and interventions to mitigate workplace hazards, which pose a threat to the safety and quality of life of workers. The hierarchy of hazard control hierarchy of control provides a policy framework which ranks the types of hazard controls in terms of absolute risk reduction. At the top of the hierarchy are elimination and substitution, which remove the hazard entirely or replace the hazard with a safer alternative. If elimination or substitution measures cannot apply, engineering controls and administrative controls, which seek to design safer mechanisms and coach safer human behavior, are implemented. Personal protective equipment ranks last on the hierarchy of controls, as the workers are regularly exposed to the hazard, with a barrier of protection. The hierarchy of controls is important in acknowledging that while personal protective equipment has tremedous utility, it is not the desired mechanism of control in terms of worker safety.

Workplace Safety In Practice

1. Design a safe work area. 2. Maintain a clean work area. 3. Involve your employees in the safety planning. 4. Provide clear work instructions. 5. Focus your safety efforts on the most likely problems 6. Encourage your employees to bring safety deficiencies to managements attention. 7. Watch and learn how each employee performs their job. 8. Maintain all machinery in good working order. 9. Avoid unnecessary hazards. 10. Revisit your safety guidelines every year.