Double Integrals

When working with the integral,

}
b
a
dx x f ) (
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x f x x f x x f x x f A
n i
A + A + A + A ~
* * *
2
*
1
.... ....

}
=
A

=
n
i
i
b
a
x x f
x
dx x f
1
*
) (
lim
) (
Now we want to integrate a function of two variables, ) , ( y x f
With functions of one variable we integrated over an interval (i.e. a one-dimensional
space) and so it makes some sense then that when integrating a function of two variables
we will integrate over a region of (two dimensional space)
2
9
We will start out by assuming that the region in is a rectangle which we will
denote as follows,
2
9
| || | d c b a R =
This means that the ranges for x and y are, and
b x a s s d y c s s
Lets first ask what the volume of the region under S (and above the xy-plane of course) is.
We will first approximate the volume much as we approximated the area above. We will
first divide up into n subintervals and divide up into m
subintervals.
b x a s s d y c s s
This will divide up R into a series of smaller rectangles and from each of these we will
choose a point
) , (
* *
i i
y x
Now, over each of these smaller rectangles we will construct a box whose height is given
by ) , (
* *
i i
y x f

Each of the rectangles has a base area of and a height of so the volume of
each of these boxes is
A A ) , (
* *
i i
y x f
A y x f
i i
A ) , (
* *
The volume under the surface S is then approximately,
}}
=
R
dxdy y x f Vol ) , (
}}
=
R
dA y x f Vol ) , (
Fubinis Theorem
If is continuous on
) , ( y x f
| || | d c b a R =
Example 1 Compute each of the following double integrals over the indicated rectangles.
Some times it is easier to integrate w.r.t. x first followed by y second and vice versa
So dont be afraid to change your mind