Name: Amanda Lodge

Element Yearbook: Biographical Worksheet

Element Name: Iodine Atomic Number: 53 Element Symbol: I Group name/ number: Halogen/17 (7A)

Atomic Mass (to nearest thousandth): 126.904 Number of protons: 53 Number of electrons: 53 Electron configuration:
Orbital filling diagram
53I

Number of neutrons: 74 Number of valence electrons: 7

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p

Final electron configuration:

1s22s2p63s2p6d104s2p6d105s2p5 HISTORY Discovered by: Bernard Courtois Year discovered: 1811 Where discovered: France

Derivation of name/symbol: from the Greek word iodes meaning violet PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Phase at room temperature: solid Density at room temperature (g/cm3): 4.93 g/cm3 Melting Point (K, C, F): 386.85 K, 113.7 oC, 236.66 oF Boiling Point (K, C, F): 457.4 K, 184.3 oC, 363.7 oF Color: bluish-black (solid)/purple (vapor) Odor: strong, harsh, sharp, unpleasant, irritating Oxidation states: +7, +5, +3, +1, -1 Ionic or covalent bonding: covalent bonding Ionization Energy (first) (kJ/mol): 1008.4 kJ/mol 1

Name: Amanda Lodge

Electronegativity (Pauling): 2.66 Pauling units Reactivity with oxygen, water, acids or bases: Iodine reacts with water to produce hypoiodite, and its not reactive towards oxygen. It will form compounds with most elements (less reactive with other halogens). It reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid to form iodic acid and as I2 it reacts with the base hot aqueous alkali to produce iodate. CURRENT INFORMATION Where found (specific minerals or sources/specific countries): Iodine ions are found in nature in seawater and in the seaweed that absorbs them, introducing iodine into the food chain. Iodine is primarily retrieved from underground brines that are associated with natural gas and oil deposits. It can also be found as a by-product with nitrate deposits that are located in caliche deposits. Throughout the world, Chile is the leading iodine producing nation, with Japan being second to it. Besides these nations, Russia also produces significant amounts of elemental iodine. Uses: Iodine is important in medicine, and its used in the body as iodide and thyroxin (contains iodine). Its added to table salts to prevent goiters (a swelling of the thyroid gland). A solution of iodine and KI is used as a disinfectant for external wounds. Silver iodide is used in photography and iodine compounds themselves are used as a catalyst in many applications. Its used as a supplement in animal feeds too. Iodine can be used to make inks, dyes, and colorants and as a way to test for the presence of starch (turns a deep blue when it comes in contact with it). Toxicity/hazards: In small does, iodine is only slightly toxic, yet in larger amounts it is highly poisonous. Elemental iodine is an irritant that can cause sores on the skin as well as burn it. As a vapor, it can significantly irritate the eyes and lungs, causing damage to them. Abundance: There are approximately 76 billion pounds of iodine in the worlds oceans. Seawater contains 0.05 ppm iodine and the Earths crustal rocks contain 0.5 ppm iodine. Dried seaweeds can contain as much as 0.45% of iodine, and are a signigicant source of iodine in the diets of many people around the world. Sources used to gather this information: 1) Flinn Scientific Periodic Table of the Elements 2) www.mii.org/Minerals/photoiodine.html 2

Name: Amanda Lodge

3) www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/102iodine.html 4) chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/iodine.htm 5) education.jiab.org/itselemental/ele053.html 6) www.chemicool.com/elements/iodint.html 7) www.webelements.com/iodine/