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45002194 Μαθηματικά Γ Γυμνασίου Βολονάκη
45002194 Μαθηματικά Γ Γυμνασίου Βολονάκη
45002194 Μαθηματικά Γ Γυμνασίου Βολονάκη
2007
41 & ,
.: 210 3608065, Fax: 210 3608197
www.volonaki.gr, mail: info@volonaki.gr
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ISBN 978-960-381-363-7
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,
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,
.
,
:
-
( , , - )
-
( )
-
.
,
.
.
1
1.1
( - )............................................................ 15
1.2 - .................................................... 41
1.3 - ........................ 48
1.4 - ........................ 49
1.5 ................................................................. 54
1.6 ................................... 63
1.7 ........................................................................ 69
1.8 ... ... ................... 76
1.9 ........................................................... 78
1.10 ............................................................. 81
...................................... 87
2
2.1 x + = 0 ........................................................................ 133
2.2 x2 + = 0 ....................................................................... 139
2.3 ...................................... 148
2.4 ..................................................................... 150
2.5 - ......................................... 153
.................................... 164
3
3.1 .................................................... 195
3.2 ..... 200
3.3 ..................................... 205
.................................... 220
11
4
4.1 = x2 0 ......................................................... 239
4.2 = x2 + x + 0 ........................................... 244
.................................... 252
5
5.1 ............................................................................................... 265
5.2 - ...................................................... 270
5.3 ................................................................. 274
.................................... 283
......................................... 383
12
1.1
A.
( - )
:
T = {0,1,2,3,}
T = {,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,...}
T Q, , (
) , ,
, 0.
T , .
T R,
.
K .
.
.
,
.
,
, .
.
, -
(+).
,
(-).
15
+=+
+ ( + ) = (+)+
( ) = ( )
+0=
1=
+ (-) = 0
1 = 1, 0
( )
( + ) = ( ++ )
= +
. -
.
,
.
= + (-)
( : , 0)
,
1
:= 1 = .
16
0 = 0 .
= 0, = 0 = 0.
, .
, .
1.
2.
0 .
3.
4.
5.
6.
= 0.
7.
= 1 = -1.
8.
9.
10.
0 0.
11.
.
0 *
.. * = {1, 2, 3,..}.
12.
13.
14.
15.
.
2
2.
.
A
1
.
) = ( -4)- (-
3
5
)+ (
2
7
-4) (
3+
16
- )-(- )( ) ) =
4
5
5 10
1+
2
3
3
2+
3
5
3 1
1 5
( ):( + )
3 1
4
8
2 4 .
- )] ) = (3 - ):( - ))+( ) = -(3 +1) -[-(3+
1
4 1
10 10
2 4
5
4
10
( ) ( 3 )
6
3 6
32
3 1
3 1
3 2
2
16
3
2
)=
-(+
) = -4+ + -4- +
) A=(-4)-(- )+( -4)-( - )-(- )(20
5 10
5 10
5 7
4
5
7
5
2
= -4 +
3
5
-4-
16
= -4 - 4+
5 10 10
20 105
645
+
=.
+
=70 70 70
70
70
560
7
84
3
5
3
5
2
7
1 16
6 2 15
= -8+ + =
10 10
5 7 10
17
3+
3
3
) =
1+
2+
) = -(3
3+
=
3
1+
10
5
1
3+
3 =
3
1+
13
3
3
+
3+
2
3 =
3
1+ 1
13
17
5
5
3+
1+
11
3 = 3 = 143 .
15
28
54
+
13 13
13
3 = 3
15
13
13
30
5
31
)+( -
)] = -(
)-[-(
)+( -
10
)] =
10
10
10 10
10 10
5 5
22 21
44 21
63
10
22
-(
===.
5
10 10
5 10
10 10
10
6 1
2 5
3 1
1 5
( ):( + )
( ):( + )
12 1
6 1
1
3 1
8
8
4 4 =
4
8
2
4
) = (3 - ) :( - ) = ( ):( )8 1
18 1
4 1
1
4 4
4 4
4
2 4
)
( ) (
( ) ( 3 )
6 6
6 6
3 6
6
5 7
5 4
20
:
11 5
11 4 8 7
11
11
20 9
11 20 36
4
8
56
=
: =
=
=
+
= +
=
19
133
133
4 4 7
4 5
5
5 14 133
5 56 133
( )
6
6
36
36
10241 + 450 10691 .
11 931 90 5
11 90
11 10 9
=
+
=
=
+
=
=
+
4655
4655
5 931 5 931
5 7 133
5 931
+1) -[-(3+
A + 5
, .
= 3( + 4) (4 - ) + 3( + 1) + 4.
= -( - 2) + 3( + ) + 10+ ( - 3) + 2006.
+ 5 : + ( + 5) = 0,o + = -5
: = 1.
+
:
= 3( + 4) - (4 - ) + 3( + 1) + 4 = 3 + 12 - 4 + + 3 + 3 + 4 =
=3 + 3 + 15 + = 3( + + 5) + = 3 0 + 1 = 1.
= -( - 2) + 3( + ) + 10 + ( - 3) + 2006 =
= - + 2 + 3 + 3 +10 + - 3 + 2006 = 2 + 2 + 10 + + 2006 =
= 2( + + 5) + + 2006 = 2 0 + 1 + 2006 = 2007.
18
3 , 40 m ,
28m
.
, 40m2 = 40
28 :
2 + 2 = 28, + = 14.
+
= 3( + 2) - 2( + 10) - 3 + 20( + 100) = 3 + 6 - 2 - 20 -3 +
20 + 2000
3 + 3 - 2 + 2000 = 3( + ) 2 + 2000 = 3 14 - 2 40 + 2000 =
= 42 - 80 + 2000 = 1962.
= (4 - 1) + 2( + -15) + + 2003 = 4 - + 2 + 2 - 30 + + 2003 =
= 4 + 2( + ) 30 + 2003 = 4 40 + 28 - 30 + 2003 = 160 + 28 - 30 + 2003
= 2161.
4
:
= 3-|-2+5|+3|-4-2| -7, = + 3(4 - 2) 4
) ) .
.
= 3-|-2+5|+3|-4-2|-7 = 3-|+3|+3|-6|-7 = 3 - 3 + 3 6 - 7 = 18 - 7 = 11.
= + 3(4 - 2)-4 = + 12 - 6 - 4 = 8 - 5.
) : + = 0 11 + (8 - 5) = 0
19
.
11 + 8 - 5 = 0 - 5 = -19 =
5
) : A B = 1 11 (8 - 5) = 1
87
88 - 55 = 1 -55 = 1 - 88 = + .
55
19
+ = 3 + = + 4, .
= 5 - ( - ) (- + ) + 2004, = - (-3 - ) + 2( + ) + 2 +
= 5- ( - ) (- + ) + 2004 = 5 - + + - + 2004 =
- ( + ) + + + 5 + 2004 = -3 + 4 + 5 + 2004 = 2009.
= -(-3 - )+2( + )+2 + = 3++2 + 2 + 2 + = 2+2 + 2 + 2 + 3 =
2( + ) + 2( + ) + 3 = 2 3 + 2 4 + 3 = 6 + 8 + 3 = 17.
N x =
.
3
+2
:
x + 2 = 1 x + 2= -1 x + 2 = 3 x + 2 = -3
x = -1 , x = -3 , x = 1
x = -5 .
10 + 20 + 30 + ... + 130
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 65
)
= (60 + 57 + 54 ++ 3) -(59 + 56 + 53 ++ 2)
) N : A=
,
.
10 + 20 + 30 + ... + 30
10(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 13 10
=
=2
=
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 65
5(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 13) 5
= (60 + 57 + 54 ++ 3) - (59 + 56 + 53 + + 2) =
(60 - 59) + (57 - 56) + (54 - 53) ++ (3 - 2) = 1 + 1 + 1 ++ 1 = 20 1 = 20.
20
:
: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ++
1
:
1+2+3+4++ =
( + 1)
(1) .x.
2
N : ) 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 40
) 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 100
) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 ++ 200
) = 40 (1) :
1+2+3++40 =
40(40 + 1)
40 41
=
= 20 21 = 420.
2
2
) (1) :
2 + 4 + 6 ++ 200 = 2(1 + 2 + 3 ++ 100) = 2 5050 = 10100.
. () ()
1.
2.
0 .
3.
4.
5.
6.
0,35 .
7.
8.
9.
2 .
10. A , ( 0, 0).
11. .
21
12. .
13. .
14. , > 0
> 0.
15. < 0, , .
16. A , > 0.
17. O -x .
18. O 3 .
3
19. 1 -1 .
20. 0 =
1
1
2 .
3
:
1. , , :
) , ) )
) .
2. = (x - 1821) (x - 2004) (x - 2001) x x = 0
:
) 0, ) 2006 ) -2004
3. ,
1 1
= + - - + 1
) 0, ) 1, ) + ) - - ) 1.
4. =
3
x :
+2
) 1, ) -8 ) 2 ) 0 ) 5
5. 0 :
22
) , ) , ) 0
) 1.
6. , :
i) - ii) 2 + 3 iii) iv) :
;
) (i) (ii) ) (i) (iii) ) ( i) (ii) (iii)
) (i) (iii) (iv) ) (ii) (iii)
5
7. A 5 x = 0 , -x :
6
6
5
5
. 0 .
. - . 1
6
6
.
.
-4
3
2
-0,3
16 3, 4
2 0
3
1
3
: +3, -2,
3
, 2, 23 , ,
5
3, 9,
2
3
, ,
, .
2
;
2, 2 + 1, 2 + 3, 4 + 1, 4 + 3, ( + 1) .
:
) 3 + 4 6 - 36 : (-4) + 2 ) -10: (-4 -6) - [-(4 -2) + (1 -3)]
) (-14) (-4) (3 - 3) (1935 - 678) ) 25:|2-7| + [2 - 4(2 : 4) -3]
23
+ = 4, = -12, :
= 3 + 3, = + , = ( - 2) - ( - 2) - 2.
A , , = 3, = 16
4
= , :
5
128
5
) -= ) ,
5
12
) , .
+ + = 2001 + 2 = 6 :
A = + 2 + 3, = + 3 + 5.
) : =
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 250
) :
= (200 + 196 + 192 ++ 8 + 4) - (198 + 196 + 194 ++ 6 + 4 + 2)
( , - 1999)
8
:
[(2 + 3 ) (2 + )] (3 + 3 + 2007 )
A=
( + 2 ) [ ( 2 )] (3 2 ) + 1
, + = 4 :
A=
24
10
N : ,
x = - 2( + 4) + 2 = 4( +1) + 7 + 2 .
11
x = 850,35 = -150,65 :
3x - 3x ( - 1) - [x - ( + 7)] -3
12
3
.
=
2k + 1
13
, , , :
- 2 = 5, 2 - = 7, - 2 = 5 + 3 = 2,
+ + + .
B.
2,
.
: =
:
1 =
0 = 1 0
1
- = 0.
, :
32 33 = 32+3 = 35
: = -
23 : 2-2 = 23-(-2) = 25
( ) =
) =
22 4
2
( )2 = 2 =
5
25
5
() =
(2-3)-3 = 29 = 512
-
) = ( )
3 -2
4
) = ( )2
4
3
25
1.
2.
.
i) .
ii) A .
3.
0 .
4.
(-)
- .
5.
:
i) .
ii) .
iii) .
,
.
6.
i) 1 =1 .
ii) (-1) = 1
iv) (-1) = -1 .
7.
00 .
8.
= = .
9.
i) 2
.
ii) 3 .
10. = , 0, 1, -1 x = .
26
:
) (-0,25)17 811 ) (-4 )60 (-1,25)40 ) 12100 1,550 6-150
) 1o ( )
(-0,25)17 811 = -0,2517 811 = - 0,256 0,2511 811 = - 0,256 (0,25 8)11 =
-0,256 211 = -0,256 26 25 = -( 0,25 2)6 25 = -0,56 25 = -0,5 0,55 25 =
= -0,5 (0,5 2)5 = -0,5 15= -0,5 1 = -0,5.
2o ( )
1
1
25 17 11
1
) 8 = - ( )17 (23 )11 = -( 2 )17 233 =- 34 233 =
100
4
2
2
1
-1
33-34
= -2 = - = - 0,5.
-2
2
(-0,25)17811 = - (
) (-4)60 (-1,25)40 = 460 1,2540 = 420 440 1,2540 = 420 (4 1,25)40 = 420 540 =
420 520 520 = (4 5 5)20 = 10020 = (102)20 = 1040
) 12100 1,550 6-150 =
2100 (
12100 1,5 50
12100 1,5 50 12 100 1,5 50
1
=
=( ) ( ) = 2100( )50=
150
100
50
6
6
4
6
6 6
2100
1 50
1
100
= 1.
)
=
2
=
22
2100 2100
= [(x23)-2(x3)4]: (x3:-1)-3 x= 2007 =
1
2007
3
6
=
x 9
x 9
= 9x9 = (x) =
1
2007 = 1 .
2007
x 9
=
3
27
= (-1) + 1
= (-1) + 1 = (-1) + 1. .
1 : : = 1 + 1 = 2
2 : = -1 + 1 = 0
= (-1)2 + (-1)+1 + (-1) = 1 + (-1)+1 + (-1) .
.
1 : , + 1 :
= 1 + (-1) + 1 = 1.
2 : , +1 :
= 1 + 1 + (-1) = 1
4
:
A = 2101599 + 1099-299 5100
= 2101 599 + 1099 - 299 5100 = 22 299 599 + 1099 - 299 599 5 =
= 4 (2 5)99 + 1099 - (2 5)99 5 = 41099 + 1099 - 51099 =
= 1099(4 + 1 -5) = 1099 0 = 0
= 279 649 - 325 627 = (33)9 (26)9 (25)5 (23)27 =
= 327 254 - 225 227 327 = 327 254 - 252 327 = 327 252 (22 - 1) = 328 252
28
H O
() ()
.
1.
( - 3)0 = 1.
2.
> 0 (-) = .
3.
333 = (33)3.
4.
(-1) + 1 = - 1.
5.
+ = +.
6.
(-) < 0 .
7.
1
4x = ( )x x = 0.
2
8.
A z0 : 3 : = 2.
9.
(5+3)3 = 53+33.
17. - .
18. 2 = 2+1-2 .
19. = = .
29
:
1.
2.
(-3)-2 :
1
. 9, . 9, . - , . 1
9
9
1
(2x)2 =
x :
64
. 3, . 3, . 4, . -6, . 6
3.
810 :
. 85, . 410, . 229, . 45, . 0,5 810
4.
(-6) . :
. , . , . 0, . .
5.
H [(-3)0]5 :
. 1, . -1, . 35, . -15
6.
3 = (-3) :
. , . , . 0, . .
7.
() 0 :
2
. , . 3, . 2
8.
(-1) :
. -1, . , . 1, .
9.
(x-3)0 = 1, x :
. x = 0, . x = 3, . x 3, . .
10. 33 + 33 + 33 + 33 + 33 :
. 315, . 533, . 153, . 1515
30
:
8-3, -7-2, (-3)-5, -44, (-20)5, (4)0
:
) 4 5 , ) (-)3 4, ) (-)4: 2, ) 3 8 : -2 3
)
(0,5) 5 8 (2) 4
4 5 81 2 2 33
)
1
36 5
32 ( ) 2
4
:
= 377 + 377 + 377 = 2102 - 2101 - 2100, = 299 - 449, =217 318 - 218 317
:
) 8x = 32, ) 3x 42x+ 1 = 192, ) 8 53x-2 = 200, ) 23x = 54
) (
2 -2 3 81
) ( ) =
, ) 3+2 = 1
3
2
4
:
) = 58 = (53)2, ) = 28 = 82, ) = 1235 = 742
) = 215 = 324, ) = 535 = 719 + 48 719.
1
3
) x :
= (x + 2)2007 + (x + 3)2008 + (x + 4)2009
) : ( x -5)(x2)2 = -
A x= |- 4-(-3)| = | 3-4| :
2 3 X 2 (2 1 )
= X +1 2 1
3 3
2 X +1 2
3 X + 3 2 1
A :
1 + (1) +1 1 + 4(1) 2
2 (1)
A=
+
2007
4 3(1) + 2
3 2(1) +1
31
10
:
A = 22000 : [(2550 : 599 - 351 : 925)1999] + (2111)18 - 2 21997
( 2000)
11
) 2+3 + 2 2 10
) = 46+2 -10 46 + 12 6
12
:
= (-1)2007 +[-5-(-22-3)]5 {-[-2-(-12006+1)]}4
= [(-1)10+(-1)11] (24 - 32) + 512 : 510-20
13
A :
A = (-1)2007 + (-1)+2 + (1)2+1
14
=
.
15
:
=
32
2 + 2 1
7 + 2 35 7 1
, =
+1
2 2
7 11
3 + 2 + 5 3 4 3 +1
4 3 +1 + 3
x.
.x.
, 32 = 9
x = 0 o:
,
.
x :
: x 0
I
) 0 0 :
) 0 > 0 :
) .
, .
) .
, .
33
1 , :
1.
0.
2.
0 0.
3.
4.
0 .
5.
6.
) , , :
) 0, :
)
)
2
:
)
34
,
.
3
35
A= 14 + 1 + 3 + 36 , B= 7 + 3 1 + 8 1
= 14 + 1 + 3 + 36 = 14 + 1 + 3 + 6 = 14 + 1 + 9 = 14 + 1 + 3 =
= 14 + 4 = 14 + 2 = 16 = 4.
=
7 + 3 1+ 8 1 =
7 + 3 1 + 8 = 7 + 3 9 = 7 + 3 ?3 = 7 + 9 = 16 = 4 .
x :
A= x 3 , = 4 2 x , = 2 3 x + x + 1 .
A=
x 3 , : x-3 0 x 3.
: 4 -2x 0 -2x -4
2x 4 x 2.
. : 2- 3x 0
x + 10 -3x -2 x -1 x
6
:
)
)
) :
) :
36
x -1 -1 x
() ()
2 = .
1.
2.
0
3.
4.
5 2 =
5.
6.
= .
= , .
50 .
0,36 = 0,18 .
16 2 = 4 .
(4 ) 2 = - 4 .
7.
8.
9.
2 ( ) 2 .
2 2 =
10.
2 2 , .
2 = - 0.
11. 2 + = || +
12.
49 = 7 .
13. 4 + 9 = 2 + 3 .
14.
98 + 50 = 100 + 8 .
15. 4 2 2.
16. -4 -2.
17. 1 1.
18.
7 - 6
7+ 6 .
19. 5 .
20.
4 =-2 .
37
:
1.
O 25 16 :
. 5-4, . 3, . 9, . 2
2.
2 cm :
. 2 , . 2 , . 1 . 2 2 , . 4
3.
20 cm.
.
200 cm2.
4.
= :
. 0, . = 0 . 0. . .
5.
=
:
. , . . , . . 0 0
6.
H =
. , . 0 > 0 . 0 0.
1. .
49
25
324
169 196
38
A=
2 50 + 7 + 4 - 3 4 , B=
22
30
20 10
+
11 15
4
2
x + 1 , = 4 3 x , = 9 3 x + x 2 , =
+ 5
A= 5
16 -
2 6
3 2
20 25 + 2 64
8
, =
4
(3 5 ) 2 +
A =
3
x
2
+ 5
2 3 24
A=
6
x, :
2
2 5
(1 5 ) 2 , B=
, =
2
2+ 5
24 +
12
6
-4 ( 6 3) 2
A B - .
7
N :
i)
3 2 1
,
8
3
2 2 3
8 5
4
1
2
ii)
,
,
2 2
3 2
2 3
8
N :
i) 3 2 2 =
ii)
2 -1
6 + 2 5 =1+ 5
39
i)
3 +x = 12 -x , ii)
iv) 2x+
2
2
3 x =
27 iii)
x
3
= 12
= x+ 2
10
12.
, .
11
, ,
:
i) 2 + 2 -2
ii)
40
2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2
4 5
.
11
12
: 4+ 5
13
A = 5+2 2 cm = 5-2 2 cm
:
) .
) .
14
24 cm2.
, .
.
15
( =), 18 cm. A
8m, :
) .
) .
1.2
-
.
.. 8 3 + 4 5,
2 43 - 3 5.
, , .
,
.
.x. 3 + x3,
2
+ 5 .
5
,
.
,
.
.x 5x , 3,
5 x4,
2 6
,
.
3 x4.
3
x4
,
.
41
T 3x4 :
4o
1o
5
x
x,
,
3
.x. x2, -6x2, x2 .
4
, ,
, , .x.
2x54 -2x54, .
. , 0
,
.
,
.
) :
3 - 2 = - 2 3- = -2+2 2= 0 = 0
) : (3 - 2) + ( - 2) = 0 3+ = 2+2
4 = 4 = 1
( - 3)x3 .
1 :
A - 3 = 0 = 3 .
2 :
- 3 0 3 3 .
42
() ()
.
1.
2.
2007 x43 7.
3.
( - 4) x5 5 .
4.
x42 + x42 .
5.
3x-2 3 .
6.
4x-23, 6x-23 .
7.
4+32
.
8.
.
1.
2.
2x2 + 3x 3 :
. = 2, . = 3 . = 2 = 3 . = 2 = 3.
3.
2x . , :
. , . , . , . .
4.
[2x2 (x )2]3 x :
. 6 . . 4 . 7 . 12 .
5.
= 3x2 3. x = -3
-27. :
. 1, . 1, . 27, . 27.
43
x4
4 2 3
x ) 4-3x23 ) 3x2-3 ) (4- 5 ) x35 )
8
3
5 3
4 8
x
x
3
x 4
)
)
)
2
4
4
) -
N :
x,
x4
2 x4 2
3x 2
(- 3 2 )x4
(- 5 x3)2
44
x. N ,
.
x = 5.
:
) A= 3 +2 3 + 6 5
) = (-2) x3 2 + ( + 3) x23
.
:
) 3x4 2 + (x2)2
) (x2)2 x
) (x2 3)2 (x)3
x. A 1
,
:
) .
) .
) .
)
.
)
.
.
,
1.
2.
.
.
:
2
) 2x3-3x+6x3 +3x,
) 8 x2 4- 2 (x 2)2
1 5 1 5
x - x ,
4
2
1 5 1 5
1 1
1
1 2
x - x = ( - ) x5 = ( )x5= - x5
4
2
4 2
4
4 4
45
8 x24- 2 (x2)2 =
:
) 3x4 2x5(-4x)2, ) -3x32 (-2x3), ) 6x2(-2x6 2) (5x34)
) (2x)3 3x2
:
) 4 x3 : 2x, ) -2 x7 4 : (- x 3), ) x2 8 : (x5 6)
) 4x3: 2x = 4x3
2
1
1
= 2x2 , ) -2x74:(- x3) =-2x74
=
2x
2
x 3
3 2 8 2 5 6
3 x 2 8 2 x5
x7 4
6 3
=
4x
)
x
:(
x
)
=
4
5
5
4
x 3
3 7 14
6 x7 14
=
=
x
10
20
= -2(-2)
x () ()
46
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2
1
) -8x3-4x3+10x3 , ) 4x2- x2+ x2, ) 6 2 x2-2 2 x2- 32 x2
5
2
6
3 2 3 2
x - x +2x2, ) x2-1,6x2+3,4x2 , ) 3,45x + 2,45x
)
5
10
5
:
) -4x6x3,
3
25
1
1
) (- x2)( x2) , ) ( x)(6x3)(- x2)
5
6
3
2
3
) 35: (2 2) 2, ) 4 5 4:(
3 2 3
), ) -x2: x4 ) 24x32 :( -2x)3
4
47
1.3
-
.
,
, .
. . 4x3 -7x + 8x4
.
, :
, .. 42 + 3
, .. 4x2 - 2x + 5
B , ,
.
,
. ,
.
4x5 - 2x3 + 2x7 3 :
7o
3
10
x,
,
x , .
: (x) Q(x) A(x) ...
E: (x) = x3+2x2-x+1, (x) = -
48
4 2
x -2x+ 2 .
5
A
,
.
.x. (x) = -4x3 - 2x + 2.
A (x) x =
() , x
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
1.4
.
:
( + ) = +
:
,
:
( + )( + ) = ( + ) + ( + ) = + + +
:
,
.
49
(x)
0, . () = 0.
50
) (x) 3 , Q(x)
. : i) A -1 = 0 2 .
ii) A -1 0 1 3 .
) (0) = 2 03 + 02 + 0 + 6 = 6 Q(0) = ( -1) 03 + 02 + = . :
(0)-1 = Q(0) + 7 6 -1 = = 5
) : 2 = - 1 = 1 = 0 = 6
= 3 = 1 = 0 = 6.
() ()
.
1.
2.
To (x) = -2 .
3.
(x) = 0 .
4.
o (x) (2x) .
5.
(x) 3 P2(x)
6 .
6.
(x) = 0x3 - 2x + 5 3 .
7.
8.
9.
(x) 3 Q(x) 2
(x) Q(x) 6 .
51
1.
2.
x2 = x + 3, x3 =
. x+6. . x2+2x+3, . 4x+3, . 4x2+3 . x2+7
3.
E.M.E. 1993
1
1
1
A x= (2- ) (3 ) :
6
2x
3x
25
. -12 , ) -1 , )
, ) 1, ) 12
.. 1992
2
:
) (3x2-2x)(4x3+4x), ) (x4-2x+2)(x5-2x), ) (x-3)(x-2)x
) (2-3+1)(-2)+(3-2)(2-)
52
(x) = 4x2-2x+3
) (-2)=-1-.
) = -4 (0)+4x-2(1)= 3x
(x) =2x2.
) .
) Q(x) =((x))-1.
5x2-2x +1
4x2-3x+5.
A(x) = x2-x+3
) (x)+A(-x) = 8x+3
) (1)=10
,
(x) =9x3-3x+8x-27
Q(x) = (x3+x)-3x2+(x-3) (x2+3x+9).
10
x ,
(x) = 500x+50000 . x
(x) = 2000-2x .
) x
.
)
.
) 100 .
53
1.5
A
.
:
)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
:
( + )2 = ( + ) ( + ) = 2 + + + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
(+)2 = 2 + 2 + 2
(+ )2 .
)
( - )2 = 2- 2 + 2
:
( - )2 = ( - ) ( - ) = 2 - - + 2 = 2 - 2 + 2
) -
i) ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
ii) ( - )3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
:
i) ( + )3 = ( + ) (+)2 = ( + ) (2 + 2 + 2) =
3 + 22 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 3 = 3 + 32 + 33.
ii) ( - )3 = ( - ) ( - )2 = (-)(2-2+2) =
3 - 22 + 2 - 2 + 22 - 3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
)
( + ) ( - ) = 2 - 2
:
( + ) ( - ) = 2 - + - 2 = 2 - 2
) -
i) 3 - 3 = ( - ) ( 2 + + 2)
ii) 3 + 3 = ( + ) (2 - + 2)
54
:
i)
ii)
(-) (2 + + 2) = 3+2 + 2 - 2- 2 - 3 = 3- 3
( + )(2 -+ 2) = 3-2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 = 3 + 3
1. .
2. ( + )2 = 2 + 2,
, 0.
3. 2 + 2 = 0 = 0 = 0.
) (x + 3)2 ) ( 3 - 2)2 ) (2 + 3)2 ) (4x -
)2
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (-)2 = 2-2 + 2
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 23x + 32 = x2 + 6x + 9.
) (3 -2)2 = (3)2 - 232 + 22 = 92 - 12 + 4
) (2 + 3)2 = (2)2 + 23+(3)2 = 4 + 62 + 92 = 4 + 152
) (4x)2 = (4x)2- 2 4x +( )2 = 16x2 - 8x + 3
2
A
( - ) (2 + 2) (4 + 4) ( + ) = 8 - 8.
=
1 = 2007
2007
: (-) (2 + 2) (4 + 4) ( + ) = 8- 8
, = 2007 =
1
2007
55
. :
) ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2
) ( - - )2 = 2+ 2 + 2 -2 - 2 + 2
. :
(2 + + 3)2, (3 -3 - 4)2
. ) ( + + ) 2 = ( + + )( + + ) =
2 + + + + 2 + + + + 2 = 2 + 2 +2 + 2 +2 +2
) (--)2 = (--)(--) = 2 - - - + 2 + - + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2 -2 -2 + 2.
. :
(2 + + 3)2 = (2)2 + 2 + (3)2 + 22 + 22 3 + 2 3 =
42 + 2 + 92 + 4 + 12 + 6.
(3 - 3 - 4)2 = (3)2 + (-3)2 + (-4)2 + 23 (-3) + 23(-4)+2 (-3)(-4)
= 92 + 92 + 162 - 18 - 24 + 24
.
) 2 + 2 = ( + )2- 2 3 + 3 = ( + )3- 3( + )
) + = 6 = 5
= 2 + 2 , = 3 + 3, = 4 + 4
) :
( + )2- 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 -2 = 2 + 2
( + )3 -3( + ) = 3+32 +32 + 3 -32 - 32 = 3 + 3
) ) :
= 2 + 2 = (+)2- 2 = 62- 2 5 = 36 -10 = 26.
= 3 + 3 = ( + )3- 3( + ) = 63 -3 5 6 = 216 - 90 = 226.
= 4 + 4 = (2)2 + (2)2 = (2+2)2 -22 2 = 262 -2()2 =
676 -252 = 676 50 = 626.
56
) (3 - )2-3(4 + 5)(4 - 5) ) (3x - )(3x + ) - (x - )(x2 + x + 2)
:
) ( + )2 - ( - )2 = 4
) (2007+
1 2
1 2
) (2007) = 4
2007
2007
) ( + )2- ( - )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (2- 2 + 2) =
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 = 4
) ) = 2007 = 1
2007
1 2
1 2
1
(2007+
) -(2007) = 42007
= 4.
2007
2007
2007
) (3 + 2)2 - (2 + 3)2 = [3 + 2-(2 + 3)][3 + 2 + (2 + 3)] =
(3 + 2- 2-3) (3 + 2 + 2 + 3) (-1) (5+5) = 5( - 1)( + 1)
7
x, :
) x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 = - 25, ) 2x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0
) x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 = -25 x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 - + 25 = 0
x2 + 6x + 2 + 8 + 25 = 0 x2 + 6x + 9 + 2 + 8 + 16 = 0
(x + 3)2 + ( + 4)2 = 0 x+3 = 0 + 4 = 0 x = -3 = -4.
) 2x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0 x2 + x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 + x2 + 2x + 2 =0 (x + 2)2 + (x + )2 = 0 x + 2 = 0
x + = 0 x = -2 - 2 = 0 x = -2 = 2.
57
H O
() ()
.
1.
: (x3 + 2)2 = x6 + 4.
2.
: ( - )2 = (-)2.
3.
( + )2 = 2 + 2.
4.
: 2 + 2 = ( + )2- 2.
.
5.
6.
( - )2 = 2 - 2.
7.
2 + 2 = 0 = 0 = 0.
8.
A 2 + 2 =2 = .
9.
(3-)2 = (3-1)2.
10. A 2 + 2 ( + )2 = 0 =0 =0.
11.
-(+ )( - ) = 2 -2.
58
:
1.
A - = 6 = 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 :
. 0 . 39, . 36 . 33 . 81
2.
x + = 20 x2 - 2 = 80 = - x
:
. 4 , . -4 . 1 . 10 . .
3.
( - 3)2 :
. 2 + 9, . 2- 6 + 9, . ( + 3)( - 3) . 2 9
4.
A 2 + + 2 = 10 3 - 3 = 20 - :
. 2, . -2, . 4 . -4 . .
6.
( + )2= 2 + 2 + 2, , :
. , . , . , .
, . .
7.
x + 4 , x > 4
x2-16 , :
. x + 5, . x-4, . x + 4, . x2-16 , . .
8.
2 - + 2 :
. = , . = 2, . = 2 .
9.
. .
x + = 4 x = 3 x3 + 3 :
. 28, . 36, . 64, . 16, . .
10. ( + - )2 :
. 2 + 2 -2 +2 - 2 - 2, . 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2
. 2 + 2 +2 -2 - 2 + 2, . 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2
11. 2 - 2 - 2 :
. ( - )2 . ( - )2 . ( + )2 . ( - )( + )
59
60
:
2
) ( 2x+3x2)2, ) ( x 2 4 x )2, ) ( -3x3+2x)2, ) ( 4x2+2x2)2
3
1
) (-3x-2x3)2 ) ( + )2
3
) ( +2)3, ) (22+33)3, ) (3-22)3, ) ( 2-4)3
4
2
) (2x- )3 ) ( 3 2 )3
x
:
) (4x - ) (4x + ), ) (3x2 - )(3x2 + ), ) (x- + 2z)(x + -2z)
) (4x - x3)(4x + x3) ) (x - )(-x -)(x2 + 2).
N :
) (2x)3 - 8, ) 27x3 - 643, ) 8x3 + 64 ) 64 - (2x)3
) (3 + 2)3- (3)3
:
) (2x + 3)2 (3x - 1)(3x + 1), ) ( 3 - 2)2 - (3 + 2)2 + 3( -1 ) + 3
) (1 - x)(1 + x) + (x -1)2 + 2(x -1) ) (x - 2)2 - (1- 2x)2 + (3x -1)(3x + 1)
(x) = 3x2 - 5x + 1. N :
) (x - 10), ) (3 - 2x), ) (-x +1) -2x
N x.
(x) = (x3 - 1)2 + (x3 + 1)2-2(x3-1)(x3+1).
Q(x) = (x2 + 1)3 + 3(x2+1)2(1-x2) +3(x2+1)(1-x2)2 + ( 1-x2)3.
A + = 3 = -4 :
) 2 + 2, ) 3 + 3
+ = 5 = 4 :
) 2 + 2, ) 3 + 3, ) 4 + 4
10
+ + = 3 2 + 2 + 2 = 27 :
) + + , ) 3 + 3 + 3 - 2007
11
+ = 6 2 + 2 = 26 :
) , ) 3 + 3
12
x+
) x2+
13
1
=2 :
x
1
1
1
, ) x3+ 3 ) x4+ 4
2
x
x
x
1
=2 , x > 0, :
x
1
1
1
) x2+ 2 , ) (x+ )2 , ) x+
x
x
x
A x -
14
:
) ( -1) ( + 1)(2 + 1)(4 + 1)(8 + 1) = 16 -1
) ( + + )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 32 + 32 + 32
+ 2 2 4
) (
) =
) -(
15
x, :
) x2 + 2x + 1 + 2 + 4 + 4 = 0, ) x2 + 2 + 6x + 8 + 25 = 0,
) 4x2 + 2 + 4x + 2 = -2
16
) : 2 - (-2) ( + 2)
) : 20072 - 2005 2009 = 4
17
61
62
18
19
:
) 27 3 + 272 x + 92 x + x3
) ( + )2 + 2( + )( - ) + ( - )2
20
, = 3 -1, = 3 +1, :
) , ) 2 + 2, ) 2 - 2
21
:
) (x+)2 = + 2x + , ) (x - 2)2 = +- ,
) (+)2 = 4x2 ++ 92 , ) (-)2 = x2 +- 2
22
:
) -= (2x - 2)(2 + 2x), ) (x4 - 1) = (-)(+)(+),
) -=(x - ) (x2 ++), ) x3 += (..+ 2)(-2x +)
23
:
) ( x +)3 = +++ 8, ) ( -2)3 = 3-+-
24
N 39 + 1 28.
25
, :
) (x - )2 = x 2x + + 1, ) (x - )(x + ) = x + 3 - 4 -
26
= 900. + = 2 0 = 4
.
27
1.6
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
:
)
,
.
i) 8x2 - 20x2 + 12x22 ii) ( - ) + 3( - ) iii) 4(3x - 1) + x(2 - 6x)
i) 4x3 - 8x2 + 3x - 6 ii) x - 5x - 5 + 25 iii) 2x2 + 6x + 42
63
i) 9x2 - 16 ii) (2x - 1)2 - 49 iii) x2 - 5
i) x 3- 8 ii) x3 + 27 iii) 27x3 - 83
64
i) x3 - 8 = x3 - 23 = (x-2)(x2 + x + 2)
ii) x3 + 27 = x3 + 33 = (x + 3) (x2 - 3x + 9)
iii) 27x3 - 83 = (3x)3 - (2)3 = (3x - 2)[(3x)2 + 3x2 + (2)2]=
(3x - 2)(9x2 + 6x + 42)
)
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2,
2 - 2 + 2 = ( - )2
,
( ).
i) 2 + 6 + 9 ii) 162 - 24 + 92 iii) -2 + 2 - 1
i) 2 + 6 + 9 = 2 + 2 3 + 32 = ( + 3)2
ii) 162 - 24 + 92 = (4)2 - 2 4 3 + (3)2 = (4 - 3)2
iii) -2 + 2 - 1 = -(2 - 2 + 1) = - (-1)2
) x2 + ( + )x + .
x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
i) x2 - 7x + 6 ii) x2 + 3x + 2 iii) -2x2 + 8x - 6
i) x2 - 7x + 6,
6 -7.
, .
: -1 -6.
x2 - 7x + 6 = (x - 1)(x - 6)
ii) x2 + 3x + 2,
3 2.
( ).
: 1 2 .
65
x2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 1)(x + 2 )
iii) -2x2 + 8x - 6,
-2, x2 1,
-2x2 + 8x - 6 = -2(x2 - 4x + 3)
: x2 - 4x + 3.
A 3 -4.
: -1 -3. x2 - 4x + 3 = (x - 1)(x - 3).
A -2x2 + 8x - 6 = -2(x2 - 4x + 3) = -2(x - 1)(x - 3)
:
) 4 + 8 ) 62 + 243 + 2 ) 42 - 2 + 2 ) 4 + 3 ) 1 2- 3
2
2
2
4
2
) (x - 3) - (x - 3), ) x + - - x ) 9x - 15x + 25
) 4 + 8 = 4( + 2)
) 62 + 243 + 2 = 2( 3 +122 +1)
) 42 - 2 + 2 = 2(22 - +1)
) 4 +3 = ( + 1)
1
3
1
3
) 2 - = (- )
2
2
2
2
) 2(x - 3) (x - 3) = (x - 3)(2 - 1) = (x - 3)( - 1)( + 1)
) x + - - x = (x + ) (x + ) = (x + )( - )
) 9x4 - 15x2 + 25 = (3x2 - 5)2
66
) = 3x3 - 3x
) : 3x3=3x
EH O
() ()
.
1.
x2 - 2 = (x - 2)(x + 2).
2.
2 + 2 = ( - )( + ).
3.
2 - 2 = -( - )( + ).
4.
I ( + )- - = ( + )( + 1).
5.
( -) + ( -) = ( - )( - ).
6.
1- x2 = (x - 1)(x + 1).
:
1.
H x3 - 5x2 + 6x :
. x(x - 2)(x - 3), . x(x + 2)(x + 3), . x (x - 2)(x + 3), x(x + 2)(x - 3)
2.
=
. 10, . 100, . 2, . 5.
1 5,2 32 5,2 32
:
2 0, 4 6
:
) 3x2 + 6x ) 4x3 - 4x2 ) 3x2- 3 ) 5x3 - 10x2 - 5x ) 4x2 - 12x
) 3(x - ) ( - x) x + ) 3 + 2 + 2 + 3
N :
) ( + 1)2 - -1 ) x3 + x2 + x + 1 ) (x - 4)( + ) -x + 4 ) x2 - 2x + 2
) 25x2 - 10x + 2 ) (x + )2 - 6(x + ) + 9
:
) 4 - 2 ) 16 - 2 ) x2 - 5 ) x 3- x ) 18x2 - 82
) 4 - 1 ) 9(x + )2 - 16(x - )2
:
) x2 - 3 ) x2 - 5 ) x4 - x ) x3 - 5x2 + 7x - 35 ) x3 - 4x
67
:
) (x2 - 4)2 - (x + 3)(x + 2)2 ) (2x - 6)(x2 - 9) - (4x - 12)(x - 3)2
) 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 92 ) 2 + 2 - x2 + 2x + 2 - 2
) ( - 2) -4( - 2) - (2 - )2 ) x3 + 8 - x(x + 2)
) x3 - 27 - (x - 3)
:
) (2 + )(x - 1) (1 - x)( + ), ) ( + )(x + ) - x - ,
) (2 -2)(x+)-(x2-2)(-)
:
) x2 - 3x + 2 , ) x2 - 7x + 6, ) 3x2 - 2x - 1, ) -x2 + 7x + 6, ) x2- 4x + 4
:
) x2+(3+ 3) x+3 3 ) x2+(3+)x+3 ) x2+(4- 5 )x-4 5
:
) x2 - 2x - 3 + (x + 1), ) x2 + x + 5x - -6, ) x2 + x - 7x - 4 + 12
10
:
) x3 - 4x2 + 3x, ) x3 - 6x2 + 8x, ) 2x3 - 10x2 + 12x, )
x x2 2
+
+
10 25 16
11
:
) 8x3 -273, ) x3 - 83, ) x3 + 1, ) 54x3 + 163
) 6 - 1, ) 16x4 + 2x
12
) : = x3 - 5x2 + 6x
) = 0
13
:
) x2 - 100 = 0, ) 16x3 - x = 0, ) x(x + 2)2 = 9x, ) (x - 3)3 = (x - 3),
) x2 (x - 1)-x + 1 = 0, ) x2(x - 2) - 4x + 8 = 0
14
) = 2 - 4 + 4 + 42
2
2
) ( 4 + 4 + 4 2 3) 2007
+ 2 2
15
68
:
A = 2 - 4 + 42 - 16, = 42 - 4 - 4 + 2 = x2 - 4x - 52
= 32 - 4 + 1 - 2 - 2
16
:
A = x4 + 44, = x4 + 4 , = x4 + 9 - 7x2, = x4 + 4 -3x22
= x4 + 4 + x22Z = x2 + 4x - 52
17
:
= x3 - 7x + 6, B = 2x3 - 5x + 3, = x3 - 4x + 3, = x3 + 2x2 - 1
18
:
) x+3 - x ) x+2 - x ) x+1 - x+2 ) x+3 - x+2 -x+2
19
:
) (x + 1)2 - 4(x + 1) +4 ) 2 + - 2 - + ( - )2 ) (x-1)2-6(x-1) + 9
20
.
) 2007 1321 - 2007 321 ) 9952 - 25 ) 998 1002 + 1 ) 401 399
) 20072 - 2006 2008
1.7
, ()
() 0 : ,
() (),
:
=+
0 <
= 0, = .
.
, (x) ( ) (x) ()
(x) 0 (x):(x), (x) ( ) (x) (),
:
(x) = (x) (x) + (x) (T ),
(x)
(x).
69
.
(x) = 6x5 + 3x2 - 13x4 + 4x3 + 2x-1
(x) = -2x2 + 3x3 -x (x) : (x)
x
:
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1
3x3 - 2x2 -x
6x5 3x3
5
( 6 x = 2x2). T 2x2
3
. 3 x
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
2x2
3x3 - 2x2 - x
-6 x5 + 4x4 + 2x3
2x2
-9x4 1
9 x4
= -3x).
3x3 (
3 x3
-3x .
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1
-6x5 + 4x4 + 2x3
70
3x3 - 2x2 - x
2x2 - 3x
-3x, ,
3x3 - 2x2 - x -3x(3x3 - 2x2 - x) =
-9x4 + 6x3 + 3x2 1.
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
-6x5+4x4+2x3
2x2 - 3x
71
x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6
-x4 + 2x3 + 3x2
-x3
x3
x2 - 2x - 3
x2 - x -2
+7x + 6
- 2x -3x
2
- 2x2 + 4x + 6
2x2
-4x -6
0
) ) E :
(x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6) = (x2 - 2x - 3)( x2 - x - 2) (1)
H (x2 - 2x -3) :
: -2 -3
: -3 1. x2 - 2x -3 = (x + 1)(x - 3).
O (x2 - x -2) :
: -1 -2.
: -2 1. x2 - x - 2 = (x + 1)(x - 2)
(1) (x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6) = (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 2) (2).
) x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6 = 0. . (2) .
x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6 = 0 (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
x - 1 = 0 x - 3 = 0 x + 1 = 0 x - 2 = 0 x = 1 x = 3 x = -1 x = 2.
72
(x) x2 - 2x
4x + 1 (x) = 8x - 5.
:
(x) = (x2 - 2x)(4x + 1) + 8x - 5 = 4x3 + x2 - 8x - 2x + 8x - 5 = 4x3 + x2- 2x + 5
3
(x) = x2 + 2x - 1,
[(x) - 2(x + 1) + 3(x - 2) + 24] : (x + 2)
(x + 1) = (x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1) -1 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2 - 1 = x2 + 4x + 2.
(x - 2) = (x - 2)2 + 2(x - 2) -1 = x2 - 4x + 4 + 2x - 4 - 1 = x2 - 2x - 1.
:
(x) - 2(x + 1) + 3(x - 2) + 24 = x2 + 2x + 1 -2(x2 + 4x + 2) +3(x2 - 2x-1) + 24
= x2 + 2x - 1 - 2x2 - 8x - 4 + 3x2 - 6x - 3 + 24 = 2x2 - 12x + 16
:
2x2 - 12x + 16
-2x2 - 4x
-16x + 16
16x + 32
48
x+2
2x - 16
EH O
A.
() ()
1.
3 2
1 .
2.
3.
x + 3 (x) (-3) 0.
4.
5.
E
.
73
6.
E
.
:
1.
(x) = (x-3)(x3 + 2x - 1) + 7. To
(x) x-3 :
. 0 . -1 . 3 . 7 . -7
2.
(3x3 - 2x + 5) : (x - 1 ) :
. 6 . 7 . -3 . 5
3.
(x3 - 5x2 + 4x - 3) : (x - 2) :
. 1 . 2 . 3 .
4.
(x) (x3 - 5x + 2) 3.
(2) :
. 3 . 0 . -3 . 10
5.
A (x)
:
. . . (x)
. .
) (x3 - 5x2 + 7x - 2 ) : (x - 2 ), ) (5x2 + 16x + 3) : (x + 2),
) [(x2 - 1)(x + 1) -5 ] : (x-3), ) (2x4 + 4x3 - 5x + 2) : (x2 - 1)
) x6 : (x - 2)2
74
) (x5 + 1) : (x + 1)
E 105+1
11.
) (x5 - 1) : (x - 1)
E
205 - 1 19.
(x) (x2 - 3x - 2)
x2 - 2x 3x + 2. (-2).
(x) 3x3 - 2x -1
3x - 1 (1).
, (x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1
x2 + 1.
75
1.8
E.K.. ...
:
,
.
,
.
:
..., ...
...
... .
... ...
) 12x3, 20x423, 16x232
) : A = 6x2 - 6x, B = 4x2 - 8x + 4, = 3x2 - 3
1) .
= 6x2 - 6x = 6x(x -1)
B = 4x2 - 8x + 4 = 4(x2 - 2x + 1) = 4 (x - 1)2
= 3x2 - 3 = 3(x2 - 1) = 3 (x - 1)(x + 1)
2) Y ... ...
. : 6, 4, 3
: E.K.. = 12 ... = 1
76
3) ... . .. .
, , ...= 12x(x-1)2(x+1)
... = 1(x-1)
H O
1
, ... .
)
)
)
x(x + 1), 2x3(x + 1)2
x4(x - 1), x3(x2 - 1)
x(x + 1)3, x4(x + 1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
x (x + 1)
2x3(x + 1)2
x4(x - 1)(x + 1)
x4(x - 1)
4
... .
2x
3x(x-2)
9(x-1)2
18x
x2 - 4
3x2 (x2 - 1)
, ... .
)
)
)
)
4
3x(x - 1), 6x2(x - 1)3
2x(x2 - 1), 4(x - 1)3
(x2 - 4), 3x(x - 2)2
15x5, 3x(x - 1)3
1.
2.
3.
4.
x-2
3x(x - 1)
3x
2(x - 1)
... , .
9x(x2 - 1)
6x(x - 1)3
x4(x - 1)5
3x(x-1)3
4x2
x5
77
... ... :
) 2x232, 4x32 , 6x23
) 6(x)2x, (2x)2x3, 8x3
) 42, 84, 123
... ... :
) 6(x2 - 2), 3(x - ), x3 - 3
) x4 - 4x2 + 9(4 - x2), x3 + 4x2 + 4x - 3(x + 2)2
) x2 + x, x2 - 1, x3 - x
... ... :
) x2 - 3x + 2, x2 - 4x + 3, x2 - 5x + 6
) x2 - 4x + 4, x2 + x - 6 , x2 - 4
) (x - 1)(x - 1), (x + 1)(x - 1)2, (x + 1)2(x - 1)
... ... :
) 2 - 2, 2 - 4 + 4, 3 - 4
) 3 - 8, 2 - 4, 2 - 5 + 6
1.9
,
.
( ) ,
,
,
.
.
,
78
,
.
:
x2 4 x + 3
3x 3
)
)
x3 1
4 x2 4
) :
3( x 1)
3( x 1)
3
3x 3
=
=
=
2
2
4 x 4 4( x 1) 4( x 1) (x + 1) 4( x + 1)
) .
2 ,
-4 3. : -3 -1.
:
3 - 3 = ( - )(2 + + 2) :
x2 4 x + 3
x3
( x 1) (x 3)
=
= 2
3
2
x 1
( x 1) (x + x + 1) x + x + 1
:
)
x
3
7x 1
4x 2
3x 1
x 1
)
) 2
) 2
) 2
) 2
x2
x +1
x x
x 1
x +1
x 1
:
3x
2x 1 2x
3x 5
x2 x
)
)
+
) 3
) 2
1
x +1 x 1
x x
x 4
:
2 + 2 2
x2 1
3 x 2
3x2 3x
2x
)
) 3
)
)
) 3
2
2
2
2
x
x 1
x 1
3x
79
:
x 2 + 3 x
2 25
x2 6 x + 9
6x
) 2
) 2
)
)
2 + 1 0
x 9 2
2 x3 6 x 2
3x x
:
)
x2 5x + 6
x2 4 x
x3 + x 2
2 a
)
)
)
x2 4
x2 8x + 1 6
x2 x
2 2 + 2
x + x + +
4 2 7
)
2
( + ) (x + )
3
:
=
x2 6 x + 8x x2 5x + 6 x2 4 x + 4
x 1
x2 4 x + 3
x2 4 x
x4 1
1 1
1
= (1+ + 2 + 3 ): 4
x x
x x3
x
x 2 3
x 2 2 4
:
x 2 x +
x3 + 3
:
3 3
2 2
= 3
+ 2 +
2 + 2
80
4 4
( + ) 2
, =
2 +2
2 2
1.10
, :
) =
:
: =
=
, , :
.
=
1.
x2 2 x x2 4
2x
) (4x2-4)
)
x
4x + 8
3x + 3
2
) (4x -4)
( 4 x 2 4) 2 x
4( x 2 1) 2 x 4( x 1) (x + 1) 2 x
2x
=
=
=
=
3x + 3
3x + 3
3( x + 1)
3( x + 1)
4( x 1) 2 x
3
81
1
2
2
2
2
2
) x 2 x x 4 = ( x 2 x) ( x 4) = x( x 2) ( x 2) (x + 2) = ( x 2)
4x + 8
(4 x + 8) x
4( x + 2) x
4
x
2.
:
x2 4 x2 4 x + 4
)
:
x
x2 x
1
2
) 3
1
3
9
x2 4 x2 4 x + 4
x2 4
x2 x
( x 2 4) ( x 2 x)
:
=
=
=
x
x
x2 x
x2 4 x + 4
x ( x 2 4 x + 4)
( x 2) ( x + 2) x( x 1)
( x + 2) (x 1)
=
2
x2
x( x 2)
1
2
( 1) ( 3 9) ( 1)( 2 9) ( 1)( 3) ( + 3)
) 3 =
=
=(-1)(+3)
=
1
( 3)
( 3)
2 3
3 9
:
)
:
10 x 2 5 x
x2 1 6 x + 4 ,
25 x ,
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2 ,
: 2
)
:
)
)
:(
)
2
8
32
x 1 x 1 x + 3
1 - 4 x + 4 x 8x 2
)
82
( + 2) 2 2 + 2 ,
5 x x 2 + 10 x + 2 5,
+ 3 + 3
)
: 2
:
) 2
2
2
x+5
x x
x 25
x2 9
x+3
x3 1 x 2 2 x + 1
,
)
:
:
x3 8 x 2 + 2 x + 4
( x 2) 2
x2 4
:
2
2
)
+2
2
+
+ 2
) [
x3 + 1
x2 2
x+2
x3
x 1
1
) [ 2
+
]:
+
]: 3
2
2
2
( x 1)
x 1 ( x 1)
x 4 x 2 x 8
1
1
:
6 10 x + 2(4 x 3)
1
= 2007 2( x + ) 2
3( x z) + 3( + z)
3
x + = 2007
x x2 + x + 1 = 0
N :
) x 0
) x3 = 1
) x2005 + x2006 + x2007 = 0
A = x(x - 4) = (x - 6)(x + 2) :
) = - 12
) + 36 .
) x(x - 6)(x - 4)(x + 2) + 36
:
) (x2 - 1)2008 + (2 - 2x)2006 + (x2 - x)2 = 0
) (x3 + 3x2 + 3x)(x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2) + 1 = 0
10 cm
14 cm .
.
x :
2 2
4
2
2006x + -2x-2+2 + 2007(x-1) +(-1) = 2
(x) = 2x - 1.
) (0) + (-1) + (1) + (-x) = x
) , :
1
( ) - 2( ) = 32
2
2
83
1
1
(x+ ) = (x- ), : 2 - 2 = 2.
x
x
2
2
, 10.
.
224cm2, :
) .
) , .
10
A - = 1 :
( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4)(8 + 8)= 16 - 16
11
x 0 x+ 1 = 1 :
x
) x2 - x + 1 = 0 ) x3 = -1 ) x2001 + x - 2004 = 0.
12
N :
) 2 - ( + 1)( - 1) = 1
) N 6,786952 - 7,78695 5,78695 = 1
13
+ = -
3
5
:
= 98
14
) 2 + 2
) (2 - 1)2 + (1 - 2)2 + 28( + )
14
84
= 20072 + 4015 .
10
1
) ;
) ;
) x + 2
(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 .
) ( + )2 = 2 + 2
,
2
) 2x2 + 7x + 3.
2x + 1 x.
) - = 2 2 + 2 = 20 :
i) ii) 3 - 3
) :
i) x3( - ) + 27( - )
ii) (3x - 2 + 3)2 + 6x - 4 + 7
) x 3x2 + 5x + 3 = A + B(x - 1) + (x - 1)2
, , .
3
5
2 + 3 3 2
)
- 2
2 2 3 + 3 6 6
) A - = ( 3 2) ( 3 + 2 ) :
A = ( + )2 - 4 + ( - )2007
) + 2 +
= 10
2
:
= 2(+ )2 ( + 2) 2
2
4
) , , = 0
+ +
.
)
i)
3 + 6 + 9 + . . .+ 300 ,
2 + 4 + 6 + . . .+ 200
ii)
3x + 6 x + 9 x + . . .300x
2 x + 4 x + . . .+ 200x
85
20
1
) T ;
)
.
)
i) ( x - )2 = - + 4
ii) ( -)2 = + 25 - 10
) (x) = x2 - 3x + 1 ( 2 1 )
2
) 14 + 6 5
3+ 5
) :
= x4 - x2, B = x3 + 2x2 - x - 2 -
) :
i) O 2 + 7 , .
ii) : 2 - 2 + 1 , , .
3
.
3-x
3+x
) (x) .
3+x
) x.
) x
9.
) x ;
86
(x) 3. (x)
x2 - x 3x + 1.
) (0) P(1)
) 2x - 3 (x)
(x) 3x2 - x - 1 .
1.1
.
H O
-3
0, 3
-0,8
3,14
4
i)
)
ii)
)
87
5
)
1.
2.
3.
= 5 m, = 20 m = 25 Km = 45 m
+ = 20 + 45 = 65 Km.
M 25 m
4.
88
5.
6.
7.
) 12 + 5 - 20, ) 8 +9 -1, )
8.
) 8-( - ) + ( - 5 -) = 8 - + + -5 - = 8 -5 =3
) 2-( + -) - (4 + - )-( -2 -) = 2 - - + - 4 - + + 2 + = 0
) -2( - 3) + (-7 + 9) -3(+2) = -2 + 6 + (+2) 6 = -2 + 6 + 2 - 6=0
9.
= 4-(x - ) - ( - ) = 4 - x + - + = 4 (x + ) + + =
4- (-5) +(-7) = 4 + 5 - 7 = 2
= -(-5- x + ) + (-8 +) - ( - 4) = 5 + x - - 8 + - + 4 =
9 - 8 + x + - ( + ) = 1+ (-5) (-7) = 1 - 5 + 7 = 3.
10. : 2( + ) = 56 + = 28 2( + ) = 32 + = 16.
= - (9 - 2) - (15 - - 2) = - 9 + 2 - 15 + + 2 =
+ + 2( + ) 9 -15 = 28 + 32 - 9- 15 = 36
11.
-7
= 0
-6
-3
= 0
-5
= 0
89
. .
1.
)
2.
3.
4.
2.
90
-27
3.
4.
5.
= 2.
3 = (3 )2 =
92, .
.
1.
12
91
2.
3.
4
9
64
1
16
36
2
3
8
1
4
6
5
5
10
7
14
12
12
48
48
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
4.
5.
92
1.
2.
3.
93
4.
( )
5.
6.
7.
94
8.
9.
= + .
50 m2,
8 m2,
.
10. A
: 2 = 2 + 2 2 = 32 + 62 2 = 9 + 36
.
: 2 = 2 + 2 2 = 22 + 12
2 = 5
=3.
11.
) .
= AB + B + = 2 = 4 + 4 .
) :
95
1.2
-
H O
1.
: ), ), ), )
2.
1): ), ), ) 2) ), ), ), )
3) ), ), )
3.
5x4
-x2
1 2 5
x
7
- 3 x4
5
-1
1
7
- 3
x
x4
1
2
x
1
2 5
x
2
4
2
5
x,
5
3
7
x4
4.
5.
O : 1. A , 2. , 3.
4. , 5. , 6, , 7. , 8. .
: 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
6. , 7. , 8. .
1.
2. :
3.
4. ) = 3, = 2, ) = 4, = 3, = 2, ) = -4, = 3, = 2
96
5.
6. x : 2 x + (9-x) 1
7. . = 2.
:
2 = 2 + 2 2=52 + x2. = 25+ x2.
x = 12, = 25 + 122 = 169 .
. H O
1.
)
2.
97
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
) x2 + x2 + x2 = 3x2 , ) x + x = 2x
) x2 + x ,
)
98
. )
.
6.
: 1 = EAE + =
T
.
1.3
H O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
: ) )
2 x : ) )
)
) (x) + B(x) 3 .
) 1 2
( )
1.
2.
3.
99
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
100
7x2 + 3x - 4
3x2 + x - 1
5x2 - x - 1
6x2 - 2x + 1
3x2 + 5x -7
6x2
9.
O = 2m/
sec2 10 sec .
: = 2t.
:
t = 5 : 52 + 20 5 = 125m.
1.4
H O
1.
7 1
3 6
2.
3.
4.
i) ) ii) )
5.
) )
1.
2.
3.
) (3x - 2)(x2 - x)(4x - 3) = (3x3 - 3x2 - 2x2 + 2x)(4x - 3)=(3x3- 5x2+ 2x) (4x - 3)
= 12x4 - 9x3 - 20x3 + 15x2 + 8x2 - 6x = 12x4 - 29x3 + 23x2 - 6x,
) 2x(x2 - x + 1)(x - 2) - (x - 1)(2x - 3)(x + 2) =
(-2x3 + 2x2 - 2x)(x - 2) -(2x2 - 3x - 2x + 3)(x + 2) =
101
5.
102
6.
7.
: x 2x + x 2x + ( + 2x)( - 2x) =
2x2 + 2x2 + 2 -2x + 2x - 4x2 = 2.
.
8.
= x(x + 5) = x2 + 5x. T :
x + 5 - 3 = x + 2 x -1.
1 = (x + 2) (x-1) = x2 -x + 2x -2 = x2 + x - 2
: x2 + 5x - (x2 + x - 2) = x2 + 5x - x2 -x + 2
= 4x + 2 ..
1.5
H O
1.
) ) ) ) )
2.
i)
)
ii)
)
iii)
3.
)
4.
i)
)
ii)
)
5.
)
6.
i)
)
ii)
)
iii)
)
iv
)
v
)
7.
1.
103
2.
) (x-3)2 = x2 -2 3x + 32 = x2 - 6x + 9, ) ( -5)2 = 2 - 2 5 + 52 =
2 -10 + 25 ) (3 - 1)2 = (3)2 - 2 3 1 + 12 = 92 - 6 + 1,
) (2 - )2 = (2)2 -2 2 + 2 = 42 - 4 + 2,
) (3 - 2)2 = (3)2-2 3 2 + (2)2 = 92 - 12 + 42,
) (x2 - 2)2 = (x2)2 -2 x2 2+ 22 = x4 - 4x2 + 4, ) (2 -)2 =
(2)2 -22 + 2 = 4 - 23 + 2,
) (2x2 - 5x)2 = (2x2)2 - 2 2x2 5x + (5x)2 = 4x4 -20x3 + 25x2,
3.
104
4.
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9 ) (- 4)2 = 2 - 8 + 16
) (4x -)2 = 16x2 - 8x + 2 ) (x2 - 2)2 = x4 - 4x2 + 42
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
105
1 12.
) (x-2)2-(2x-)2+3x2=x2-2x2+(2)2-[(2x)2-22x+2] +3x2=
=x2-4x+42-(4x2-4x+2)+3x2=x2-4x+42-4x2+4x-2+3x2=32
) (-3)2+(3+2)(3-2)-(3-)2=2-23+(3)2+(3)2-(2)2-[(3)223+2]= 2-6+92+92 42-(92-6+2)=2-6+92+92 42-92
+6-2= 2+42
) (x-1)(x+1)3-2x(x-1)(x+1)=(x-1)(x3+3x2+3x+1)-2x(x2-1)=
=x4+3x3+3x2+x-x3-3x2-3x-1-2x3+2x=x4-1
) (2+2)2-(2)2=(2)2+222+(2)2-422=4-222+4
) (-4)2+(2-3)2=2-24+42+ (2)2-223+32=2-8+16+42-12+9=
=52-20+25.
) (2x2+2x)2+(2x+1)2=(2x2)2+22x2 2x+(2x)2+(2x)2+22x1+1=
4 x4+8x3+4x2+4x 2+4x+1= 4x4+8x3+8x2 +4x+1
14.
5
5
5 5
5 5
) (+ )2-(- )2=2+2 + ( ) 2 -[ 2-2 + ( ) 2 ]=
25
25
2+10+ 2 - 2+10- 2 = 20.
) =2005
5 2
5 2
(2005+
) -(2005) = 20
2005
2005
15. T 2=2+22=(4x+1)2+(3x+2)2
B2= (4x)2+24x+1+(3x)2+23x2+22 B2=16x2+8x+1+9x2+12x+4
B2 = 25x2+20x+5. A : B2=2+2.
2+2=12+(5x+2)2=1+(5x)2+25x2+22=1+25x2+20x+4=25x2+20x+5=2
106
16. , :
(+)2=2+2+2, (-)2=2-2+2 :
( + ) 2 ( ) 2
= 4 .
( + ) 2 ( ) 2 2 + 2 + 2 ( 2 2 + 2 )
4
=
=
=4
2 + 2 ( ) 2 2 + 2 ( 2 2 + 2 ) 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
=
= .
2
2 + 2 ( ) 2
1 2 + 2 ( ) 2
1
=
) )
= . = =
2
2
2
2
1 10 2 2 2 96
= = 24 cm2
=
2
2
4
17. )
18. To : +, -, (+)(-)=2-2
To 2-2. .
1.6
.
H O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
107
1 10.
11.
1.
2.
3.
4.
108
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
109
1 12.
) x3-27= x3-33=(x-3)(x2+3x+32)=(x-3)(x2+3x+9)
) 3+8=3+23=(+2)(2-2+22)=(+2)(2-2+4)
) 3+64=3+43=(+4)(2-4+4 2) =(+4)(2-4+16)
=(2x-1)(4x2+2x+1) ,
) 8x3-1=(2x)3-13=(2x-1)[(2x)2+2x1+12]=
2
) 273+1=(3)3+13=(3+1)[(3)2-31+12]= (3+1)(9 -3+1).
13.
) 3 x3-24=3(x3-23)=3(x-2)(x2+2x+22)=3(x-2)(x2+2x+4)
2
) 164+2=2(83+1)=2[(2)3+1]=2(2+1)(4 - 2+1)
4
4
4
4
) R3- 3= (R3-3)= (R-)(R2+R+2)
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
) + =( + )=(+)(2- +2)
14.
15.
= (5-)2, i) (+)2-2(+)+1=(+-1)2, i)
2 + 9 = ( 3) 2 ,
9
3
1
1 2
2
i) x +x+ =(x+ )
4
2
16.
17.
) =xx+2x+=x2+2x+2
) 2=x2+2x+2
2=(x+)2 =x+.
18.
1
1
1
1
+ = (+)= (x+1)(x+x+2)=
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
= (x+1)(2x+2)= 2(x+1)(x+1)=(x+1) . A
2
2
2=(x+1)2 = x+1.
= + =
110
2
2
20. ) x +(2+ 3 )x+2 3 =(x+2)(x+ 3 ) ) x +(2+3)x+6=(x+2)(x+3)
) x2+(3- 2 )x-3 2 =(x+3)(x- 2 )
) 9991001+1=(1000-1)(1000+1)+1=10002-12+1=1000000-1+1=1000000
) 9992+2999+1=(999+1)2=10002=1000000
) 972+697+9=(97+3)2=1002=10000
23. ) x22-42-x2+4 =2(x2-4)-(x2-4)=(x2-4)(2-1)=(x-2)(x+2)(-1)(+1).
) x4-1+x3-x= (x2)2-1+x(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x2+1)+x(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x2+x+1)=
(x-1)(x+1)(x2+x+1).
) x3(x2-1)+1-x2 =x3(x2-1)-(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x3-1)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-1)(x2+x+1)
) (x2+9)2-36x2=(x2+9)2-(6x)2=(x2+9-6x)(x2+9+6x)=(x-3)2(x+3)2
) 2-2+2-+=(-)2-(-) = (-)(--1)
) x2-2x+2-2=(x-)2-2 =(x--)(x-+)
) 1-2+2-2=1-(2-2+2)=12-(-)2=(1-+)(1+-)
) 2-x2-10+25=2-10+25-x2=(-5)2-x2=(-5-x)(-5+x)
) 2(x-1)(x2-4)-5(x-1)(x-2)2=2(x-1)(x-2)(x+2)-5(x-1)(x-2)2=
(x-1)(x-2)[2(x+2)-5(x-2)] = (x-1)(x-2)(2x+4-5x+10)=(x-1)(x-2)(-3x+14)
i)(2-4)2-(+2)2=(2-4--2)(2-4++2)=(2--6)(2+-2)=
(+2)(-3)( -1)(+2)
i) (2+2-2)2-422=(2+2-2)2-(2)2=(2+2-2-2)(2+2-2+2)=
=[(-)2-2][(+)2-2]=(--)(-+)(+-)(++)
i) (x2+9)(2+4)-(x+6)2=x22+4x2+92+36-2x2-12x-36=4x2+92-12x=
(2x-3)2
24. =x-x-2+2=x(-1)-2(-1)=(-1)(x-2). x
.
111
1.7 .
H O
1.
i)
ii)
iii)
2.
8
7
9
3
5
6
5
2
3
3.
)
1.
)
2x3+x2-3x+6
-2x3-4x2
x+2
2x2-3x+3
-3x2-3x+6
x2+6x
3x+6
-3x-6
0
112
-3x -10x+5
3x2+x
-9x+5
9x+3
8
3x+1
2x2-x-3
)
6x4 -x2+2x-7
-6x4+6x3
x-1
6x3+6x2+5x+7
6 x3 x2+2x-7
-6 x3+6x2
5x2+2x-7
-5x2+5x
7x-7
-7x+7
0
2x-1
2x2+x+3
x2-x+2
x3-2x+1
-2x +3x +2
2x3-2x2+4x
x2+4x+2
-x2+x-2
5x
113
)
9x4- x2+2x-1 -3x2-x+1
-9x4+3x3-3x2
3x2+x-1
3
2
3x - 4x +2x-1
-3x3+x2-x
-3x2+x-1
3x2-x+1
0
2x2-3
4x2+3
3x2-1
1
x3- x
3
3 3
114
2.
2x3+10x2+2x+20
-2x3-6x2
6x +22x+12
-6x2-4x
18x+12
-18x-12
3x+2
4x2+2x+20
-4x2-12x
-10x+20
10x+30
50
2x+6
x+3
2x2+4x-10
3.
A (x) :
(x) = (x2 - x + 1) (2x + 3) + 3x + 2 =
2x3 + 3x2 - 2x2 - 3x + 2x + 3 + 3x + 2 = 2x3 + x2 + 2x + 5
4.
Q(x): (x) = 0
)
6x3-7x2+9x-18
-6x3+9x2
2
2x-3
3x2+x+6
2x +9x-18
-2x2+3x
12x-18
-12x+18
0
)
x4+4x3+6x2+4x+1
-x4-x3
3
x+1
x3+3x2+3x+1
3x +6x +4x+1
-3x3-3x2
3x2+4x+1
-3x2-3x
x+1
-x-1
0
5.
) :
2x4-x2+5x-3 x2+x+1
-2x4-2x 3+2x 2 2x2-2x+3
-2x3+x2+5x-3
2x3+2x2-2x
3x2+ 3x-3
-3x2- 3x+3
0
115
) E :
x4 - 2x3 - 8x2 + 18x - 9 = (x2 - 9)(x2 - 2x + 1) = (x - 3)(x + 3)(x - 1)2
6.
x+1
x3+3x2+3x+1
3x +6x +4x+1
-3x3-3x2
3x2+4x+1
-3x2-3x
x+1
-x-1
0
E o x + 1
) x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1 = (x + 1)(x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) =
(x + 1) [(x3 + 1) + 3x (x + 1)] = (x + 1)[(x + 1)(x2 -x + 1)+3x(x + 1)] =
(x + 1)(x + 1)(x2 -x + 1+ 2x) = (x + 1)(x + 1)3(x + 1)4
7.
3 + 3 = ( + )(2 - + 2).
2 - + 2.
8.
) : (x) = 4x2 - 6x + 7.
) 4x2 - 6x + 7 2
. :
4x2 - 6x + 7 = 4x2 -20 + 20 - 6x + 7 = 4(x2 5)-6x + 27.
116
9.
1
3
6x +
-6x3+6x2
2
x-1
6x2+6x+6
6x +
-6x2+6x
6x+
-6x+6
+6
+ 6 = 0 = -6
10. (x - 1)2 = x2 - 2x + 1.
(2x3 - x2 - 4x + 3) : (x2 -2x + 1)
2x3-x2-4x+3
-2x3+4x2-2x
x2-2x+1
2x+3
3x2-6x+3
-3x2+6x-3
0
2x + 3
11. To x2 ,
x 2. E
5x+4,
45x2 + 56x + 162 : (5x+4) 9x+4
. 45x2 + 56x + 16.
117
1.8 E.K..
H O
1.
2.
4x3
12x3
4x3(x - 1)
8x5
6x2
x2(x - 1)
8x5
3.
2
4.
118
2x(x - 1)
6x2(x - 1)
2x2(x - 1)
8x5(x - 1)
9(x - 1)2
18x2(x - 1)2
9x2(x - 1)2
72x5(x - 1)2
1.
2.
1.9 .
H O
1.
)
6
)
3
)
4
)
1
)
5
2.
)
, ) x + 1, ) x, ) 2( + ), ) (x + 2)2
+
3.
) x - 2, )
4.
x 0.
1.
) x 4, ) 5 , ) -1, ) x 0 x 3.
2
2.
5a 2 3 2
2 x 2
3 2
4x 2
=
, )
=
,
= , )
= , )
2
6x 3
12 4
8x 4 x
10 2 2
x+4
1
2
( ) ( )
1
)
=1, )
=-1, )
=
, )
=1
2
4+ x
2
1
( ) ( )
(2 )
119
3.
3 9
3( 3)
3
6x
6x
3
, ) 2
,
=
=
=
=
9 ( 3) ( + 3) + 3
2 x + 4 x 2 x( x + 2) x + 2
5 2 2 0 5( 2 4) 5( 2) ( + 2) 5( + 2)
x 2 + x
x( x + ) x
,
=
=
=
=
= , )
2
2
( 2) 2
( 2) 2
( 2) 2
+ x ( + x)
( 1) ( + 1) 1
2 1
x 2 1 6 ( x 4) (x + 4) x + 4
,
)
=
=
=
=
2
2
+1
x( x 4)
x
( + 1) 2
+ 2 + 1
x 4x
6 x 2 + 3 x
2 + + 2
2 + + 2
3 x(2 x + )
3x
=
, )
=
=
2
2
3
3
(2 x ) (2 x + ) 2 x
4x
( ) ( 2 + + 2 )
4.
2 5 + 4
x 2 + 3 x + 2 ( x + 1) (x + 2) x + 1
=
,
)
=
=
x+2
2 6 + 8
( x + 2) 2
x2 + 4 x + 4
3 2 2 + ( 2 2 + 1)
( 1) ( 4) 1
, )
=
=
=
( 2) ( 4) 2
3
( 2 1)
( 1) 2
1
.
=
( 1) ( + 1) + 1
5.
( 3) + 2 9
) x( x 1) + 4( x 1) ( x 1) (x + 4) x + 4
, )
=
=
=
2
( x 1) (x + 3) x + 3
4 2 9
x + 2x 3
( 3) + ( 3) ( + 3) ( 3) ( + + 3) 3
=
=
=
(2 3) (2 + 3)
(2 3) ( 2 + 3)
2 3
2
2
(2 + 1 2) (2 + 1 + + 2)
( 1) (3 + 3)
) (2 + 1) ( + 2)
=
=
=
4
2
2
1
( 1) ( + 1)
( 1) ( + 1) (2 + 1)
( + 1) ( 2) 2 4( + 1)
3( 1) ( + 1)
3
,
)
=
=
3 + 2
( 1) ( + 1) (2 + 1) 2 + 1
( + 1) [ ( 2) 2 4] ( 2 2) ( 2 + 2) ( 4) a 4
=
=
.
=
a
2
2
2 ( + 1)
6.
: AB = 5 t. H
=
120
1 2
5t + 2t 2 5t 2t 2 5
4t = 2t2. :
= + t m/sec
= +
2
2t
2t 2t
2
1.10
H O
1.
)
) 2x, ) x, ) 4x, )
2.
x+2
x 1
, )
, )
x 1
x+2
1.
2 3 6
4x
1 x
1
9x 1
3
2 1
,
)
12x
=
,
)
2 =
,
)
=
2
2
9x 3
4 3 x 4
x
3 4
x
3
6
4
3
3
) (-52)
=, ) ()(- 2 )=
10
2
2.
1
6
x 4 x2
1
3
1
, ) 2 : (- ) = 2 ( )= ) 8x : =8x =
,
3
x
6
3
3
2 1
1
x3
x3
x2
4 2
2
2
)=
)
:
3
)
:
(
)
=
)
(,
=
2
2
3 3 2
3 3
x2
3
4 2
= 2x.
) (-
3.
2x + 6 4x
2( x + 3) 4 x 8
5 2 + (5 ) ( + 2)
= , )
= 2
=
= 1 ,
2
x
x+3
( + 2) (5 )
+ 2 5
x
x ( x + 3)
2 4
+3
x x 3 2
x
( x ) x 3 2
=
=
,
)
2
=
2 3
2
2
2 3
2
x x
x ( x ) (x + ) ( x + )
+ 6 + 2
x 2 + x x 2 + 5 x + 6 x( x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
( 2) ( + 2) ( + 3)
1
=
=
= , ) 2
( 2) ( + 3) ( + 2)
( x 2) (x + 2) x( x + 3)
x 4
x2 + 3x
4 2 9
2 + 3
(2 3) (2 + 3) ( + 3) + 3
x +1
=
, )
=
=
2
2
x2
2 + 3
4 12 + 9 2 + 3
(2 3) 2 (2 + 3)
121
4.
=
= 3 , )
:
x+4
x+4
5
15
5
+1 1+
+2
2 1 1 +
(1 2 ) 1 +
=
) : ( + 2 )=
= 1 , ) (
+ 1 1 2
+1 1 2
=(-
+ 1 ( + 1) 2 + 1
+2
1
1
1
=
:
=
)
= , )
2
2
2
+2
( + 1)
( + 1)
x +
x 2 + x
x +
x
1
= 2
:
=
2
x
x( x ) x( x + ) x
x x
x2 4
x2
( x 2) (x + 2)
x2 2 x + 4
:
=
=1
x2
x3 + 8 x 2 2 x + 4 ( x + 2) (x 2 2 x + 4)
)
5.
x 2 4 x + 4 8x 8
x 2 4( x + 1) x + 2
x2
=
):
=
x +1 x + 2
x+2
x + 1 x + 2 8( x 1) 2( x 1)
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2
x + 2 2( x + 3) x + 2
x + 2 2( x + 2)
)
]=
:
:(
)=
:[
=
x 1
x 1 x + 3
x 1
x 1) x + 3
x 1
x 1
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2 x + 2 x 1 x + 2
x + 2 x 1
1
=(
=
)
)
:
= , ) (
x 1 2x + 6 x + 3
x 1 x 1 x + 3
x 1 2( x + 2) 2
) (
x + 2 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
=
2( x + 3) x + 3 2( x + 3) 2
B.
1.
)
122
2.
) :
3.
x+3
x +1
x
6
6
x
1
8
, )
, )
, )
, ) )
x+6
x+6
x +1
x+2
x
x
1.
3
2
3x
2( x + 1) 3 x 2( x + 1)
1 1
x +x
) + =
=
=
+
=
, )
=
x + 1 x x( x + 1) x( x + 1)
x( x + 1)
x
x x
x
1
1
2
1
1 1
3x 2 x 2
x2
, ) 2 = 2 2 = 2 , ) 2 2
=
=
=
x( x + 1)
x( x + 1)
+1
2 +1
2 2
2 + 1 2 2
1 2
,
=
=
2 ( 2 + 1) 2 ( 2 + 1)
2 (1 + 2 )
2 (1 + 2 )
2.
2x
3
2x
3
x
3
x3
=
= 1.
2 x 6 x 3 2( x 3) x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
4
4
6
6
6 4 3( + 2) 3
) 2
= ,
=
=
( + 2) ( + 2)
+ 2 + 2 ( + 2) ( + 2)
3 + 6
4
3
2
3( + 2)
4
=
=
) 2
4 2 4 ( 2) ( + 2) 2( 2) 2 2
1
x
1
1
x
=
, )
=
+
+
=
2
2 x + 1 2 3 6 x
2
2( x + 6) (6 x) (6 + x)
6x
2x
6+ x
1
=
+
=
=
2( x + 6) (6 x) 2(6 x) (6 + x) 2( x + 6) (6 x) 2(6 x)
9x
3
9x
3
9
3
6
+
=
+
=
=
x 2 x 2 x x( x ) ( x) x x x
+7
+7
2 2
3
3( + 3)
=
=
+
1
(
+
1
)
(
+
3
)
(
+
1
)
(
+
3
)
(
+ 1) ( + 3)
+ 4 + 3
2( + 1)
2
=
.
=
( + 1) ( + 3) + 3
3.
1
1 x2 1
2+
2
x
1
(
x
1
)
(
x
+
1
)
x= x =
=
= x 1 , )
)
=
1
x +1
1
x +1
x +1
1+
x
x
2
2 + 1
1
+1+
( 1) 2
2 2 +1
1
=
=
=
=
=
, )
1
( 1) ( + 1) + 1
2 1
2 1
1 3
2 + +1
3 ( 2 + + 1)
3 ( 2 + + 1)
2
.
=
=
=
=
3 1
( 3 1)
( 1) ( 2 + + 1) 1
3
123
1 1
= 2
=
= 2
)
=
2
2
( ) ( + ) +
4.
4
8
4
8
x2
x2
+
2
=
+
=
x
x 2 x 2x
x
x 2 x( x 2)
( x 2) 2 + 4 x 8 x 2 4 x + 4 + 4 x 8
x2 4
( x 2) (x + 2) x + 2
.
=
=
=
=
=
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x
3
2
2x + 1 6
3
2
2x + 1 6
=
+
=
+
x + 2 x 2 x 2 4 2 x + 2 x 2 ( x 2 ) (x + 2 )
3( x 2 ) 2( x + 2 ) + 2 x + 16 3x 6 2 x 4 + 2 x + 1 6
3x + 6
=
=
=
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
=
2
3
2 6
3( x + 2 )
3
, ) 2
+
=
=
( x + 2 ) (x 2 ) x 2
5 + 6 2 3
2 6
2( 3)
3( 2)
2 6 2( 3) + 3( 2)
=
+
( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3)
( 2) ( 3)
=
2 + 6
( 2) ( + 3) + 3
.
=
=
( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3) 2
2
2 x 2
x2
x2
2
2 x 2
=
+
2
+
2
x x + x
x x + ( x ) (x + )
x 2 ( x + ) + 2 ( x ) 2 x
( x ) (x + )
x3 + x 2 + 2 x 3 2 x 2 ( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 ) + x 2 x
=
( x ) (x + )
( x ) (x + )
5.
=
2
( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 ) + x ( x ) ( x ) (x 2 + 2 x + 2 )
=
=
( x ) (x + )
( x ) (x + )
2
( x + )
= x+
( x + )
) (
x+3
x
1
( x + 3) (2 x 1) x(2 x + 1) 4 x 3 + 1
)=
) (1 +
)= [
](
2x + 1 2x 1
4x 3
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
4x 3
=[
124
) [
2 x2 x + 6 x 3 2 x2 x 4 x 2
4x 3
2(2 x 1)
2
](
) =[
]
=
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
4x 3
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1) 4 x 3
2x + 1
x+3
x3
x2 3
x+3
x 3 ( x 1) 2
=[
=
+
]
:
+
]
( x 1) (x + 1) ( x 1) 2 x 2 3
x 2 1 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2
)(
( x + 3) (x 1) + ( x 3) (x + 1) ( x 1) 2
( x + 3) (x 1)
( x 3) (x + 1) ( x 1)
[
=
+
]
=
2
x 3
( x 1) 2 ( x + 1)
( x 1) 2 ( x + 1) ( x + 1) (x 1) 2 x 2 3
=
x2 x + 3x 3 + x2 + x 3x 3
( x + 3) (x 1) + ( x 3) (x + 1)
1
1
=
2
=
2
x +1
x +1
x 3
x 3
2( x 2 3)
1
2
2 + 2 2 ( )
2
+
, ) (1- 2
=(
+
)[
2
=
)
(
)
+
( )
x +1
x 3 x +1
2 +2
+2
2
2
2
2
2
( + ) = ( ) + + = , ) ( + 1) : ( + ) =
2
2
( )
( ) +
=(
3 3
2 + 2 3 + 3
2 2
+
):(
+
)=
:
=
2 + 2
1
2 + 2
3
=
=
.
3
2
2
+
( + ) ( + ) +
6.
x3 3
( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 )
+ x =
+ x = x 2 + x + 2 + x =
x
x
= x2+2x+2 =(x+)2.
) x=56 = 44 :
56 3 44 3
+ 5 6 4 4 = (56 + 44) 2 = 100 2 = 10000
56 44
x4 2 x2 + 1
4 x2
2 x 2 x2 1 2
+
(
)
+
=
=
)
x2 + 2 x2 + 1 x4 + 2 x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x4 + 2 x2 + 1
=1.
= 4
x + 2 x2 + 1
100 2 1 9999
200
200
=
,
B=
.
) x=100 A=
=
100 2 + 1 10001
100 2 + 1 10001
7. ) 2+2=(
A ) 2+2=1, ,
200 9999 1.
,
10001 10001
125
1.
3
=
= 2 ,
3
2
3 3
3 2
1
K= (- ) (1 +
) + 4(2 + ) 1 + [ (2 2004) 2004 ]0 =
2
2
2
2.
=-
27 2 3 2
4 1
27
1
3
( ) + 4( + ) 1 + (2006) 0 = ( ) 2 + 4( ) 1 + 1 =
8
2 2
2 2
8
2
2
=-
27
81 96 64 24 217
27
8
2
=
+
4 + 1 = (2) 2 + 4( ) + 1 = 8
24 24 24 24
24
3
8
3
) 2+1 :
( - + 3)2 + 1 + ( - - 3)2 + 1 =
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 + [-(- + 3)]2 + 1=
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 + (-1) 2 + 1 ( - + 3)2 + 1=
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 - ( - + 3)2 + 1 = 0
) 2 :
(x - - )2 -( + - x)2 = (x - - )2 -[-(x - - )]2 =
(x - - )2 -(-1)2(x - -)2= (x - - )2-(x- - )2 = 0
3.
2
4 x 6 x +
x2 + 2
x2
x
6 2 +
2
=
2
2
x
+ 2
2
2
2
x
x
4( ) 2 6 + 1 4( 1 ) 2 6( 1 ) + 1
2
2
=
=
=
x 2
1 2
( ) + 1
( ) +1
2
1+ 3 +1
5
5 20
2 x 2 x + 3
=
= =
= 4 , =
1
1 4 5
5
x2 + 3
+1
+
4
4 4 4
x3
x 2
2 3 +3
3
=
x2 3
+
3 3
2
x
x
2( ) 3 2( ) + 3 2( 1 ) 3 2( 1 ) + 3 2( 1 ) + 1 + 3 1 + 4
8
2
2
=
=
= 4
=
=
1 2
1
5
x 2
( ) +1
( ) + 1
+1
2
4
4
126
1 16 15
+
4 4 = 4 =3
5
5
4
4
3
3
4.
) .
) ) + + = 0 0, 0.
: 3 + 3 + 3 - 3 = 0 3 + 3 + 3 = 3.
) = x - , = - , = - x, + + = x - + - + -x = 0
O ) (x - )3 + ( - )3 + ( - x)3 = 3(x - )( - )( - x)
6.
7.
8.
) =
9.
127
) ) = + 2, :
= 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 1 = ( + 1)2
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) +1 = + 1 = ( + 1)2 = [x(x + 3) +1]2
10. ) = 16x4 + 8x2 + = (16x4 + 8x2 + 1) = (4x2 + 1)2.
= 2.
2 = (4x2+1)2 = 4x2 + 1.
) : (4x)2 + (4x2 -1)2=
= 16x2 + (16x4 - 8x2 + 1) = 16x2 + 16x4 - 8x2 + = 16x4 + 8x2 + .
) = 4x2 + 1
11. ) 2 + = ( + 1). , + 1
, ( + 1) .
) ( + 1)3 - 3 = 3 + 32 + 3 + 1 -3 = 32 + 3 + 1 = 3(2 + ) + 1 =
= 3 ( + 1) +1. (1)
( + 1) 2 ( ).
(1) = 3 2 + 1 = 6 + 1. ( + 1)3 - 3 = 6 + 1.
1.
) , : = 2 + 1, = 2 + 1, ,
.
2 - 2 = (2 + 1)2-(2 + 1)2 = 42 + 4 + 1- (42 + 4 + 1) = 42 + 4 + 1
- 42 - 4 -1 = 4(2 + ) -4(2 + ).
2 + , 2 + , 2 + = 2, 2 + = 2, ,
. 4(2 + ) -4(2 + ) = 4 2 - 4 2 = 8( - ) = 8
12. )
128
x6 - 1
-x6+x5
x5 -1
- x5+x4
x4 - 1
-x4+x3
x3 - 1
-x3+x2
x2-1
-x2+x
x-1
-x+1
0
x-1
x5+x4+x3+x2+x+1
A x6 - 1 = (x - 1)(x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1). O x = 7 :
76 - 1= (7 - 1)(75 + 74 + 73 + 72 + 7 + 1) = 6 (75 + 74 + 73 + 72 + 7 +1) =
= 6
x5 + 1
x5-x4
-x4+1
x4+x3
x3+1
-x3-x2
x+1
x4-x3+x2-x+1
-x2+1
x2+x
x+1
-x-1
0
x5 + 1 = (x + 1)(x4 - x3 + x2 - x + 1)
215 + 1 = (23)5 + 1 = 85 +1 = (8 + 1)(84 - 83 + 82 - 8 + 1) =
9 (84 - 83 + 82 - 8 + 1) = 9
13.
)
x
x 1
x ( x 1) x x + 1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
x 1 x x( x 1) x( x 1)
x( x 1)
x( x 1) x( x 1)
1
1 1
=
1 2 1 2
1
1 1
x=3
=
23 2 3
1
1 1
x=4
=
3 4 3 4
) x=2
x=2008
1
1
1
=
:
1
1
1
1
1
2008
1
2007
.
+
+
+ . . .+
=1
=
=
1 2 2 3 3 4
2007 2008
2008 2008 2008 2008
129
2.1
x + = 0
:
x + = 0 , .
x .
.
x , .
.
x.
M : 0 x = 0 .
M .
: 0 x = 0
x = . (1)
1.
0 (1) x=
2.
A = 0 0 (1) 0 x =
3.
= = 0 (1) 0 x = 0 .
1 :
1)
2)
3)
4)
(
). 0,
.
:
) ...
. ) .
.
133
1.
R:
)
1 x +1 2 x
x 5x + 8 2 x 9
=
, ) =
4
6
5 10
10
3
x
5x + 8
2x 9
3x-2(5x+8)=4(2x-9)
) .. : 12, : 12 -12
=12
4
6
3
5
20
3x-10x-16=8x-36 3x-10x-8x=16-36 -15x=-20 x=
x=
15
3
2x
x +1
1
2-(x+1)=2-x
) ... : 10, : 10 -10
=10
10
10
5
2-x-1=2-x -x+x=2-2+1 0x=1 .
2.
:
4x 2 x 1
) 3(x-2)=4(x-1) -5 )
+
=6x+3
2
3
4x 2 x 1
4x 2
x 1
+
=6x+3 6
+6
=6(6x+3)
2
3
2
3
A.
134
() ()
1.
3x + 2 = 0 .
2.
0 x=0 .
3.
3x = 0
4.
0x = 0 0.
5.
3x = 3 .
6.
-3x + 6 = 0 7x - 14 = 0 .
7.
x = x .
8.
x= x=1
9.
x + = 0 , x + = 0
.
10. x = -5 0 .
11. x = 5 .
12. 0 x = (2 + 3)0 .
13. 3 x - 27 = 0 3 .
14. x = 2 x = 2
.
15. x =
16. x = 0,
.
17. 0 x = (2 + 1)
18. 4(2x - 1) = 5(x - 1) + 1 -3x
1.
5x+2 = x+4(x+
1 :
)
2
. . . . 0
2.
4 x = 0 :
. x= -4 . x=
3.
1
1
. x=4 . . x = 0 . x= 4
4
H x = 0 :
. = 0 . = 1 . 0 . .
135
4.
( + 3) x = 3 , :
. 3 . -3 . 0 . 2
5.
A 2 3x - 2 + = 0 :
. -4 . 0 . 4 . -2
6.
4x -3 = 5 :
. 2x -1 = 5 . 3x - 2 = 4 . x - 3 = 4 . 2x - 5 = 7
7.
x + x - 1 + x - 2 ++ x -19 = 290 :
. 14 . 24 . 34 . 44 . 54
8.
x = :
. 0 0 . = 0 0 . 0 . 0 = 0 .
9.
2
32 : 8.
:
. 3x + 2 = x - 4, . 3x + 2 = x - 3, . 4x + 2 = x - 4, . 4x - 4 = x - 2
10. A ( - 1) x = + 5 2x + = x + 2
, :
. 1, . -1, . 2, . 0
11. ( - 1) x = ( - 1)( + 1). :
. = 1, . = -1, . = 0 .
1.
2.
Q :
3x 2 x 1 4 x 1
3x 2 4 x 1
) 3-2(x-3) x-1= 3(x-6)+2 )
=
)
= x-3
2
3
3
4
4
3.
R : ) 2x = 5x, ) 2(x - 1) = 2x - 2,
) 0x = 1 )
136
3x + 2 x 1
3x 1 4 x + 2
+
= 3x ) 4x=
3
5
2
2
4.
N R :
) 2(3-|x|) = 4 ) 4(|x|-2) - 4 = 4 ) |x| -(3-|x|) = 1
5.
N R :
)
)
8 x 3x 5 x + 6 x
x 1
x
7x + 4
3x 5
= 2-3(x-3)+
)
= x+
)
+
=
6
3
2
3
3
2
5
2
5x 7 2 x + 7
3 x x2
2x 1
=3x-14 )
= x
3
4
3
6
2
6.
R :
3x 1
3+ x
x 1 x + 2 5 x
)
-[
[1 2( x
) ] }= 5 x 2
(
+ 1) 3] =1 ) 3{x12
3
4
5
4
)
1
x
x
3x
[8- 2( + 5) ] [6
+ 3( x 5) ]+ 5 = 0
2
2
2
2
7.
x 3 + 2 -3x= -11
3
3
3
2 -2
= (-3)2008+
+2
5
8.
:
x+2
A(x) =
-4x
3
)
)
)
(x + 3)
(x + 3) = 0
(x) +1 = A(x) -x
9.
:
(3x - 2)2007 + 5(x3 - 1) = 1 2(x - 1) -3 =- 2- (2x - 1)
10. :
)
)
x + 3 (1)
x+5
4 = 2
3
(1)
:
2 = 7 + x 3 = 24 + , x (1)
137
1.
47 10
5 .
.
2.
40 .
5 ,
2 . 165 .
;
3.
17 19 , .
3
4.
703.
, 4 3.
.
5.
19% 1428
. ;
6.
A
1
1
1
,
3
4
, 9
6
.
;
138
2.2
( )
2.
2 .
2 x :
x2 + x + = 0 0
, , .
. O
:
x2 + 8 = 0 : = 1, = 0, = 8
-2x2 -8 -3x = 0 : = -2, = -3, = -8
4x + 3x2 = 0 : = 3, = 4, = 0
.
: A = 0 = 0 = 0
.
1)
A = 0 : x2 + x = 0, 0.
:
x2 + x = 0 x(x + ) = 0 x=0 x+=0 x = 0
:
N :
) x2 + 3x = 0, ) x2 = 6x.
) x2 + 3x = 0 x(x + 3) = 0 x = 0 x + 3 = 0 x = 0 x = -3 .
) x2 = 6x x2- 6x = 0 x(x -6) = 0 x = 0 x - 6 = 0 x = 0 x = 6
2)
= 0 : x2 + = 0, 0
1o : ( ) x2 + .
:
N
) x2 - 4 = 0, ) 4x2 - 20 = 0
) x2 - 4 = 0 x2 - 22 = 0 (x - 2)(x + 2) = 0 x -2 = 0 x + 2 = 0 x = 2
x = -2
139
2s : T : x2 = :
A > 0, ,
< 0, .
= 0 x = 0 ().
:
N
) 3x2 = 27 ) 5x2 - 20 = 0.
:
(x + ) ( x + ) = 0 .. : x2 +5x - 6 = 0.
-1 + 6 = 5 -1 6 = -6 (x-1) (x+6)= 0 x - 1 = 0
x + 6 = 0 x = 1 x = -6.
1) x2 + x + = 0
, : + = =
2) x2 + x + = 0 0
:
) 4,
x2.
)
2 + 2 2 - 2 .
) 2
) :
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 - 2 + 2 = ( - )2
140
:
N : x2 - 6x + 8 = 0
() ()
.
1.
x2 + x + = 0 2 .
2.
x-2 + x + =0 0 2 .
3.
x2 - x = 0 .
4.
x2 - 4x = 0 x = 4.
5.
A 2
.
6.
2
.
7.
x2 + x + = 0 0 1 + + = 0
8.
H x2 - 2007 = 0 .
1.
) 3x2 - 27 = 0 ) 4x2 - 16 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0
) x2 - 9 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0
141
.
x2 + x + = 0 0
: x2 + x + = 0
4 x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 42x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(2x)2 + 2 2x = -4 (2x)2 + 2 2x + 2 = 2 - 4
(2x + )2 = 2 - 4 .
2 - 4 ,
:
(2x + )2 = :
.
2
= 2 - 4
x2 + x + = 0, 0
:
142
>0
x1,2=
A =0
<0
x=
:
N :
) 3x2 - 4x + 1 = 0, ) -2x2 - 4x + 6 = 0
2 :
A x2 + x +
x2 + x + = 0 (1) :
1.
2.
3.
> 0 (1) 1, 1
x2 + x + = (x- 1)(x- 2)
A = 0 (1) x=
2
2
x2+x+=(x+
)
2
A < 0 (1) .
143
E () ()
.
1.
x2 + x + = 0 0 .
2.
3x - x2 + 1 = 0 = -11.
3.
x2 + x + = 0, 0 ,
.
4.
x2 - x = 0 .
5.
2 < 0
6.
= 0 > 0 x2 + x + = 0 .
7.
x2 - 4x = 0 x = 4.
8.
A 2
.
9.
2
.
10. x2 + x + = 0 0 1 + + = 0
11. x2 + x + = 0 0 0 = 0
12. 2 .
13. 1, x2 -4x + - 1 = 0 0.
14. x2 -4x + -5 =0 = 9
15. x2 -x - =0, 0, R.
16. x2 + x + 0 .
144
1.
x2 -3x + 42 = 0 0 :
. . .
. .
2.
x(x2 - 1) = 0 :
. 0, 1, -1 . 0, 1 . 0, -1 .
3.
x2 - x + = 0 ,
:
. x2 - x - = 0, . x2 + x + = 0 . x2 - x + 1 = 0, 0
. x2 + x - 1 = 0 0
4.
x2 - 4x + 4 = 0 :
. < 1 . > 1 . > 3 . 1
5.
A x2 - 6x + = 0
:
. 9 . 8 . -9 . -8
6.
A 1, 2 : x2 + x + = 0 0
x2 + x + :
. (x- 1)(x- 2) . (x- 1)(x- 2) . (x- 1)(x- 2)
1.
) 3x2 - 27 = 0 ) 4x2 - 16 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0 ) x2 - 9 = 0 ) x2 - 1 = 0
) x2 + 6 = 0 ) x2 + 8 = 0 ) 3x2 + 48 = 0
2.
N
) 3x2 - 2x = 0 ) 16x - x2 = 0 ) 2 x2 - 4x =0 ) -x2 = x ) x2 = x
) 3x2 = 6x ) x = 2x2 ) 7x = -14x2
3.
N
) 3x2 - 1 = 2(x2 + 12) ) 3x2 - 4x = -8x ) (x-2)(x + 2) + (1- 2x)(1+ 2x) = 0
) x2 = 10x + 25 ) 7x = x2 - 18 ) x2 = x-1 ) 3x2 = 2x - 4
4.
N
) (2x - 3)2 = (x - 1)(x + 4) + x ) 9(2-2) - 8 = 4(2 -1) + 14
) ( + 2)(7 - 1) = (4 + 5)(5 - 3) ) -(3x -1)2 = (4x - 1)
145
4.
N
) (2x-3)2 = (x-1)(x+4) +9x ) 9(2-2) -8 = 4(2-1)+14
7
3
) (+2)(7-1) = (4+5)(5-3) ) -(3x-1)2= (4x-1)
4
2
5.
2 x2 + 1 x + 1
x( x + 2) x( x 1) x 2 + 2 1
+
= ( x + 2) 2 )
+
=
+
3
4
3
4
6
2
2
2
2
4x + 1 x + 1 x + 1
x + 5 x 2 2(1 x)
)
=
x
)
=
5
2
4
9
4
3
6.
) x3 - 5x2 - 6x = 0 ) x3 = 2x2 + 3x ) x2 (x -2) -2x(2 -x) + x -2 = 0
) x2 (3 -x) + x(x -3) + 6(x -3) = 0 ) (x + 2)3 + x2 - 4 = 0
7.
N
) x2+(2 2 +3)x+3 2 +4 =0
)
8.
) x2+( 5 + 3 ) x + 1 5 =0
2 x2-( 6 + 2 ) x + 6 =0 )
3x2 x 1 2 = 0
) -2x2+4,6x-2,4 =0 ) 0,002x2+4,004x-1,01=0 ) x- x -20 =0
) x-3 x +2 =0 ) x4 - 3x2 + 2 = 0
9.
3x2 - 2x + 4 = 0.
)
)
) .
10. x2 - 3x + 2 + 7 = 0
-2.
11. (x + )2 -2( - x) = 7. N
2;
12. A x2 - 3x - 5 = 0
= 2 - 3
= 2 - 3 + 10
146
13. R, x2 - 2x + 2 = 0 2.
.
14. R :
(2 - 3 + 2)x2 + 3x - 2007 = 0 2 .
3
15. N : x2 - 6x = 0 (1)
4
(1)
16. : x2 - x + 2 = 0 (1)
(1)
17.
.
1
) 6x2-x-1 ) x2-x-2 ) 2x2-x-1 ) 4x2-4x+1 ) x2-2x+3
3
) 2x2+4x+3 ) 3x2-4x+1
18. :
A=
3x2 x 2
3 x 2 + 19 x 1 4
x3 3 x 2 + 2 x
,
B
=
=
x2 + x 2
2 x2 x 1
6 x2 x 2
19. x2 - 4x + -1.
:
) .
) .
) .
20. N :
) x3 - 6x2 + 5x =0 ) x4 + 5x3 - 6x2 = 0
147
2.3
1.
x + 1. A
7-x x. N x.
2.
) 6 ,
. .
) :
10 , 20 .
) 465 ,
.
148
3.
5 cm
. 12 cm2,
.
4.
5.
2 cm
152 cm3. .
6.
. 110cm, .
7.
4000 90 .
,
.
8.
24 m,
0 = 2m/sec .
;
9.
A
, 42.
.
10.
(x) = 90 + 2x
x .
(x) = x2 - 18x - 210
P(x).
,
.
11. (t) = t3 - 5t2 + 4t
) t = 2 sec
) t = 0
12. .
4 cm, 9 cm
,
.
149
2.4
K
.
.
:
... .
.
... .
1.
) :
T ... ... = (x - 2)(x + 2) .
:
(x - 2)(x + 2) 0 x - 2 0 x + 2 0 x 2 x -2.
:
150
() ()
1.
1.
2.
x2 - 4 = 0
3.
4.
.
.
.
1.
. 0 2, . 0, 2 -2 . 0 -2 . 2 -2
2.
. -1, . 0, . 0, 1, -1 . .
3.
. 1 . -2 . -1 . -1 -2
151
1.
R :
2.
Q :
3.
4.
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0.
152
5.
, 4 .
6.
12
7.
T 120 .
3 ,
9 , .
.
8.
, , 3
.
. .
9.
5 .
180 , 80 .
, 4
.
10. 300 m .
5 m / h, 300 m 2 h
. ;
2.5
, :
) > - > 0.
) O < -< 0.
) - - = 0 .
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
0 .
0 .
.
,
,
. :
- > 0 >
- < 0 <
- = 0 =
1.
.
: A > ) + > + ) - > -
153
) + , + . :
+ - ( + ) = + - - = - . > , - >0.
( + ) - ( + ) , + > +
) - , - . :
- - ( - ) = - - + = - . > , - > 0.
( - ) - ( - ) , - > -
2.
.
: A > > 0 ) > )
) , . :
- = ( - ) (1) . > 0 - > 0, > .
- , ,
( - )>0 . (1) -
, >
)
. :
(1)
3.
.
: A > < 0 <
4.
154
, .
:
A > > >
5.
,
.
:
A , , , > > >
) .
) .
)
.
155
1.
x < 2, :
) 3 (x - 2) 2(x - 4)
) 2(3- ) 3(-x +5) +2x
) 0.
3(x - 2) -2(x - 2) = 3x -6 -2x + 4 = x -2 < 0
x < 2 .
3(x - 2) < 2(x - 4)
) 0.
2(3 - )-[3(-x + 5) +2x] = 6 -2 + 3x - 15 - 2x = -9 + x -2 <0
. 2(3 - ) < 3(-x +5) +2x
2.
) A , > , :
) > 0,
) <0,
( ;)
( ;)
3.
156
1 x < 2 3 < 5
:
157
() ()
.
1.
> >
2.
3.
4.
5.
0x > 3 3
6.
2 > 0 > 0
7.
3 >0 > 0
8.
9.
< <0,
10.
< 1 , < .
158
20. H 0 x < 3 .
< 0 > 0
1.
-2x < 4 :
. 0, -2 . -2 .
-2.
2.
,
o -3x > -7:
. -2 . 2 . 0 . 1 . -1
3.
x < 1 :
. 1 + x < 2 . x-2 < -1 . 3-x> 2 . 3x< 3 . x2 < 1.
4.
A x( - 1) <0 x > 0,
.
. = 1 . < 0 . < 1 . > 0 . > 1
5.
N* :
.
+1
+1
+1 1
>1 .
<
< 1 .
159
1.
2.
1< x < 2, :
1
) (1-x)(x-2) (x+3) x ) (x+2)(x- ) (x-3) (2-x)
2
< , :
3 + 4 x
3 + 4 x
) 5-5x 5 -5x )
5
5
3.
, > > , :
) ( - )( - )(2 -) > 0 ) 3 - + > 2 +
4.
: 0 < < ,
:
)
,
1 )
,
1
+ +1 +
5.
6.
0 < x < :
) : x 10 < 10
x
)
1997 1998 1999
,
,
2007 2008 2009
7.
:
3
x
3 1
3( x 2) 1
) 4- x > - (4x-12)
) 7(2x-3)> -2
8 6
4
2
3
)
8.
3 2x 2x 1
>
4
6
x 1 3x 5
<
4
2
:
x3
x 1 x 2
)
-x <
2-x > 2x-8
2
3
4
) (x + 1)2 > x(x + 1) 4x(x - 1) (2x - 1)2
9.
160
10. x, :
2x
3x + 2
) x-1 2(1-2x) < 4-x )
x-1
3
4
11. N , 2 1
4
-2 3.
12.
:
7x 2
x2
3 2x 7x 5
5x (2)
2x < 5
>
+ x (1)
3
4
2
2
13. :
) 3x + 4 = 2(x - 3) 3(2x - 4) 3 - 5(5 - x)
) (4x - 1)(x - 3) = 0 3x - 7 -4x
14. ) x
2 0 2 x
2 5 x
14,6 < 11,6
10
10
) x
x 3 4x + 2 x 1
>
2
3
2 4
15. T 12
17. .
16.
8 53.
17.
10 .
18. 20
. 35 .
500 10 .
19. : 30 .
8
. 7 ,
. ;
20. = 3x -5. N x
) 10
) 5
) 0
) .
161
To :
) : 105.
) 10.
) x+x+1+x+2++x+10 = 66 x .
2
x = - 5, .
) .
) .
T = x, A = x + 2 = 10.
(x + 2)2 - x2 = 28,
= 90.
,
: 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 5 = 0.
10
1
.
) ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) : x2 - 4x = -3. (1)
) ()
.
2
) x .
162
) :
)
)
4
: x2 - 4x + 42 - 1 = 0 (1)
) (1)
) 1, 2 (1)
-1< 1 3 -1< 2 3.
20
1
.
) .
) 2 ,
) 2
2
1 x 4 3 7,
:
3
: 3x + 6 = 9 (1), x2 - 4x + 3 = 0 (2)
)
163
) )
(2).
4
)
) 3000 .
1800
3 . 100 ,
.
100 .
2
2.1 x + = 0
1.
2.
)
1.
164
2.
3.
4.
5.
x :
(
.
6.
x , x-1 .
16x + 12(x - 1) = 44 16x + 12x - 12 = 44 28x = 44 + 12
28x = 56 x = 2 .
165
2.2
E 2
1.
)
2.
)
x x 0.
3.
1.
2.
166
3.
4.
5.
167
6.
7.
8.
:
1. 12 , 15
2. 0 , 32
3. 10, 1
4. 25, 32
:
1. 10
2. 15
3. 30
4. 12
5. 12
1.
2.
)
3.
168
) )
1.
x(x-1) = -2
2
3x + 4 = 2(x + 2)
(x-1)2 = 2(x2 - x)
x2+x+ = 0
x2 -x + 2 = 0
3x2 -2x +0 = 0
-x2 + 0x +1 = 0
1
3
-1
-1
-2
0
2
0
1
2.
169
3.
4.
170
5.
171
6.
7.
8.
172
1.
2.
173
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
174
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
175
13.
2.4 H O.
1.
)
2.
3.
4.
x = 1 .
1.
176
2.
177
3.
178
4.
179
5.
180
6.
7.
181
8.
9.
10.
182
11.
12.
183
2.5 E
1.
)
2.
3.
4 3.
4.
) 4
) 2 .
) 5.
) -6
5.
), )
6.
, , .
-
184
1.
2.
) x>-6 ( -5)
-5x < 30 ( -30)
-5x - 30 < 30 - 30
-5x - 30 < 0
) x >- 6 ( 3)
3x > -18 ( 18)
3x + 18> -18 + 18
3x + 18 > 0
) x > -6 ( 4)
x + 4 > -6 + 4
x + 4 > -2 ( 2)
2(x + 4) > -4.
3.
4.
<
5.
6.
) x > 2 > 3,
. x>23 x>6.
) x > 2 x -2 > 0 > 3 - 3 > 0. x - 2, - 3
(x - 2)( - 3) > 0
) x + 2, (x + 2) > 12
7.
> - >0. + , - ,
( + )( - ) > 0 2 - 2 >0 2 >2 .
8.
9.
>0 :
.
10. ) x > 3 x - 3 > 0, < 2 - 2 < 0. x - 3, - 2
, (x - 3)( - 2) < 0.
) ) (x - 3)( - 2) < 0 x - 2x - 3 + 6 < 0 x + 6 < 2x + 3
11. ) x2 + 1 2x x2 - 2x + 1 0 (x - 1)2 0.
. x - 1 = 0
x = 1.
) (x + )2 - 4x
.
185
(x + )2 - 4x = x2 + 2 + 2x - 4x = x2 + 2 - 2x = (x - )2 0.
.
x - = 0 x = .
) x2 + 2 + 1 - 2
. x2 + 2 + 1 -2 = x2+(-1)2 0.
. x = 0 -1 = 0
x = 0 = 1.
12. )
.
. : (x - 1)2 0 x>0
)
( ) .
: (x - 1)2 0 x<0
13. x :
x = 15 + 6. : 114 < x < 135 114 <15+6 <135
114-6<15+6-6<135-6 108 <15 < 129
7,2< <8,6.
= 8, x = 15 8 + 6 = 126.
14. x
30 x 35 (1) 22 25 (2).
(1) 3 (2) :
60 2x 70 66 3 75.
: 60 + 66 2x + 3 70 + 75 126 2x + 3 145.
126 145 .
15. A x :
60< x < 100 51 60 < 51x < 51 100 3060 < 51x < 5100 (1)
4 15 50 4 50 50 15 200 50 750 (2).
(1) (2) :
3060 + 200< 51x + 50 < 5100 + 750 3260 < 51x + 50 < 5850.
16,51 t 19,1 t. O
.
16. ) 11 -3x < 7x + 1 -3x - 7x < 1 -11 -10x < -10 x > 1
) 2x - 9 >5x + 6 2x - 5x > 6 + 9 -3x >15 x< -5
) 4(3x - 5) > 3(4x + 5) 12x - 20 >12x + 15 12x - 12x > 20 + 15
0x> 35 .
186
x < -2
18.
187
1.
) (x + )2 - (x + )2 = 2 - 2 x2 + 2x + 2 -(x2 + 2x + 2) = 2 - 2
x2 + 2x + 2 - x2 - 2x - 2 = 2 - 2 2x - 2x = 2(2 - 2)
2(-) = ( - )( + ).
) ... 0,
2.
2 = 2 + 2, (x + 2)2 = x2
+ (x+1)2 x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 x2 - 2x - 3 = 0.
= 1, = -2, = -3. = 2 - 4 = (-2)2 - 4 1 (-3) = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0.
x = 1 B = 1 + 2 = 3, : 2 = 2 + 2,
(3-2)2 = 52 +(2 + 2)2 92- 12 + 4 = 25+ 42 + 8 + 4
52- 20-25 = 0 2-4-5 = 0 = 1, = -4, = -5. = 2-4 =
(-4)2-41(-5) = 16 + 20 = 36 >0
3.
188
x x + 1.
x(x + 1) = (x + x + 1) 7 = 23 x2 + x = (2x + 1) 7 + 23
x2 + x = 14x + 7 + 23 x2 - 13x - 30 = 0
= 1, = -13, = -30. = 2 - 4 = (-13)2 - 4 1(-30) = 169 + 120
= 289 > 0
4.
x - 0 x + 0 x x -
... (x - )(x + ) 0,
x 0 x + 0 x - 0 x 0 x - x .
... x(x - )(x + ) 0,
189
5.
1 12 + ( - 5) 1 + = 0 1 + - 5 + = 0
2 = 4 = 2.
= 2 : x2 - 3x + 2 = 0. = 1, = -3, = 2. =
2 - 4 = (-3)2 - 4 1 2 = 9 - 8 = 1 >0
x = 2.
6.
K (x): (x - 3)
x3+3x2-13x-15
-x3+3x2
x-3
x2+6x+5
6x2-13x-15
-6x2+18x
5x-15
-5x+15
0
x =
7. x, x+1 ( ,
1
1
1
1
+
+
= 1.
x
x +1 x x +1
1
1
1
1
... x(x+1) 0, x(x+1) + x(x+1)
+ x(x+1)
= x(x+1)
x
x +1
x x +1
).
8.
190
x > 0 x + 2 x(x + 2)
= 399 x2+2x-399 = 0. = 1, = 2, = -399. = 2 - 4 =
22-4 1 (-399) = 4 + 1596 = 1600 > 0.
x=
2 1600
=
=
2
2 1
2 40
2 40
2 + 40
, x =
= -21 . x =
= 19.
2
2
2
: 19, 21
9.
2 + 2 = 2 (1). : 2 =
2 + 2 2 = 32 + x2 2 = 9 + x2. :
A2 = 2 + 2 A2 = x2 +(2x+9)2 = x2 + 4x2 + 36x + 81 =
5x2 + 36x + 81. B2 = (2x + 12)2 = 4x2 + 48x + 144.
(1) 5x2 + 36x+ 81 + 9 + x2 = 4x2 + 48x + 144 2x2 - 12x - 54 = 0 x2
- 6x - 27 = 0. = 1, = -6, = -27. = 2 - 4 = (-6)2 - 41(-27) =
36 + 108 = 144 > 0
6 12
(6) 144
x =
=
=
2
2 1
2
6 + 12
6 12
x =
=9 x=
= -3 .
2
2
10. .
(1 + )(1 + ) - (1 + + ) = 1 + + + - 1 - - =
) A = 0 (1+)(1+)=1++
) A > 0 (1+)(1+)>1++
) A < 0 (1+)(1+)<1++
11.
) ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 =
22 + 22 + 22 - 2 - 2 - 2 = 2(2 + 2 + 2 - - - ).
) 2 + 2 + 2 = + + 2 + 2 + 2 - - - = 0
2(2 + 2 + 2 - - - ) = 0.
) ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 0 - = 0 - =
0 - = 0 = = = = = .
12. , + 1, + 2 , ...
( + 1)( + 2) > 0 .
2
4
1
(+1)(+2)
- (+1)(+2)
> (+1)(+2)
( + 1)
(v + 2)
( + 1) ( + 2)
4(+1)->2(+2) >0 4+4->2+4 >0 .
13. ) 2 + 2 > 2 - 2 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 > 0 ( + )2 - 2 > 0
( + - )( + + ) > 0. : + > + - > 0
+ + > 0 ( )
) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 2 + 2 - 2 - 2 < 0 ( - )2 - 2 < 0
( - - )( - + ) < 0.(1) : < + --< 0
+ > + - > 0, (1) .
) ) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 (1), 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 (2), 2 + 2 < 2 + 2
(3). (1), (2), (3) :
191
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 - 2 - 2< 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2
=
,=
,=
, <<
2007
2008
2009
15. = [-(3 - 2)]2 - 4( + 1)( + 1) = (3 - 2)2 - 4( + 1)2 = 92 - 12 + 4 4(2 + 2+ 1) = 92 - 12 + 4 - 42 - 8 - 4 = 52 - 20 = 5( - 4) >0
> 4, .
16. 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 - 4 - 6 + 14 = 0 2 - 2 + 1 + 2 - 4 + 4 + 2 - 6 + 9 = 0
(-1)2 + ( - 2)2 + ( - 3)2 = 0, - 1 = 0 - 2 = 0 - 3 = 0
= 1 = 2 = 3.
17. = 2 - 10 + 2722 - 8 + 8 = 2 - 10 + 252 + 22 - 8 + 8 =
= ( - 5)2 + 2(2 - 4 + 4) = ( - 5)2 + 2( - 2)2. E ( - 5)2 0
2( - 2)2 0 0.
0. - 5 = 0 - 2 = 0
= 5 = 2 = 10 = 2
18. : x - 19 = (x-2020) + 2001, x - 17 = (x - 2020) + 2003,
x - 15 = (x - 2020) + 2005, x - 13 = (x - 2020) + 2007. O
x 19 x 17 x 15 x 13
+
+
+
= 4
2001 2003 2005 2007
x 2020 + 2001 x 2020 + 2003 x 2020 + 2005 x 2020 + 2007
+
+
+
= 4
2001
2003
2005
2007
x 2020
x 2020
x 2020
x 2020
+1+
+1+
+1+
+1 = 4
2001
2003
2005
2007
1
1
1
1
(x-2020)(
+
+
+
) = 0 x-2020 = 0 x = 2020.
2001 2003 2005 2007
19.
192
1.
2. .
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.1
x + = 0, x , R , , R.
T x, , ,
.
.
x + =
(x,) .
:
) A ,
.
)
.
=, 0
o xx
(0,), = 0 xx.
H x = 0
xx
(,0) , x = 0 .
x (x,0)
(0,)
:
() :
) xx, = 0 x.
) , x = 0 .
195
: 7x + 2 = 9.
.
(1,1) ( 3,-2) (0,0)
: 7 1 + 2 1 = 7 + 2 = 9,
: 7 3 + 2 (-2) = 21 - 4 = 17 9,
: 7 0 + 2 0 = 0 9,
2x + 3 = 5
) (1 , 1) (-2 , 3)
)
) ( -1,)
) : 2 1 + 3 1 = 2 + 3 = 5, .
: 2 (-2) + 3 3 - = 4 + 9 = 5, B
5
5
) x = 0, = , : (0, ) = 0, x = 5 ,
3
3
2
5
3
5
,0)
2
5
2
) 2 ( - 1) + 3 = 5
7
2 - 2 + 3 = 5 5 = 5 + 2 5 = 7 = .
5
3
196
() 4x + 6 = 12.
) ()
) () xx, ()
.
) xx: 0, 4 x + 6 0 = 12
4x = 12 x=3
xx (3,0)
: x 0, 4 0 + 6 = 12 = 2.
(0,2 )
) ) (3,0) x = 3
: (2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 3 (1)
) (1) .
) (1)
xx.
) (1)
(0,3).
) x + = ,
, .
x
. - 1 = 0 = 1.
(1) =1 : 12 - 1 = 0, = 1 .
) (1) xx :
2 - 1 = 0 ( - 1)( + 1) = 0 - 1 = 0 + 1 = 0 = 1
( ) = -1 . = 1 = 1
.
) (1) (0,3)
(2 - 1) 0 + ( - 1) 3 = 0 3( - 1) = 0 - 1 = 0 = 1
. (1)
(0,3)
E
() ()
.
1.
3.
3x2 + =7 .
H + = .
x
(-1)x+(2-1) = 3 .
4.
x = 5 .
5.
= 6 .
6.
x = 5 x = -1 .
7.
= 3 x = -4 .
8.
x = 3 x.
2.
197
9.
(2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 0 .
10. .
11. =6 .
12. 3x 5 = 0 .
13. (x0, 0) x + =
x0 + 0 = .
14. x + = .
15. 3x + = 3 .
16. (-1,2) x = 2.
17. = x .
18. () 3x-=3 () x- =-1 (0,0).
19. : 2x + 2 = 6 xx (-3,0).
20. x = 4 = -2 (4,-2).
21. x = 5 (0,5).
22. 2x + 6 =0, .
N :
198
1.
= 6 :
. xx . . = 3 . = 6x.
2.
A () 3x - ( - 1) = 3 (, )
:
. = 1 . = 0 . = 1 = 3 .
3.
To () 2x - = 1 () 3x + 2 = 5 :
. (0,0), . (1,1), . (-1,1) . (1,-1)
4.
(-2,3)
:
. x = -2, . x = 2, . = 3, . = 2
5.
H () 2x + 4 - 8 = 0, xx :
. (4,0), . (0,4), . (2,0), . (0,2).
6.
H x = 4 :
. xx, . , . = x, . = -x.
7.
:
. 2x - x = 2, . 4x - 5 + 3 = 0 . x - 1 + = 3, . x + - 1 + 2 = 0
8.
(2 - )x + = 3. :
. = 0, . 0, . 1, . = 1
9.
: x -4 = 8, :
. 8 .., . 4 . ., . 2 . ., . 16 ..
A
1.
:
) 1: x - 3 = 4 ) 2: x - = 0, ) 3: x = 4 ) = -2
2.
(): 3x - = 3.
)
x/x (2 - 3 ,0).
) )
: x + = 5
3.
(): x - 4 = 8
) () .
) () x / x,
/ .
4.
(): x + 5 = 10. : )
xx 2. ) )
() .
5.
, (2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 3
)
) xx
)
199
6.
(2 - 2)x + ( - 2) + 2 - 4 = 0.
:
)
)
.
7.
: 4x + (2 - 3 + 2)x + 2 - 6 = 0.
.
:
2x - + 4 = 0.
3.2
x ,
.
:
x
(x,) .
x,
.
:
:
A
.
200
,
.
3x+2=6
3
- x=0
2
)
3
1 : 3x+2=6 , 2 : - x=0 o .
2
)
.
) ():
3
3
) . (x,)= (1, )
2
2
3
) 3 . :
2
1
3 9
1
= .
E= = 3
2
2 4
2
(1,
:
)
x+2 =4
3x-5 =1
x=5
x+=0
=4
x=-7
x-5 =0
+3=0
)
.
201
5 11
( , )
4 8
5 11
(x,)= ( , )
4 8
)
.
(5, -5)
(x, ) = (5, -5)
)
202
(-7, 4)
(x, ) = (-7, 4)
(5, -3)
(x, ) = (5, -3)
() ()
.
1.
.
xx.
2.
,
.
3.
x,
.
4.
: x = 3 x - 5 =0 .
5.
: 3x - 6 = 0 - 4 = 0 .
6.
3x + 2 = 1, 3x - 5 = 6
.
203
7.
T (-1,3) :
x+3=1
x+2=5
8.
x+=8
x+2=10
:
1.
(1,1) (-2,-2) :
. = x, . = 3x - 1, . = 3x - 2, . = x + 1
2.
+ 2x = 4 xx :
. (2,0), . (0,2), . (0,4) . (4,0)
3.
: () 2x - 5 = -3, () x + = 2
. , . , .
. .
4.
: () 2x - = 0, 3x + = 0 :
. (0,0), . (1,2), . (1,-3), . (-3,1)
: () 3x + 2 = 5, () x + 2 = 1.
) :
) () 4x - 3 = 1
.
204
: () x - 4 = 8
)
) () .
) ()
(-2,3) xx.
: () 3x - = 3, () x- 2 = 4 () 2x - = 2
) () .
) (), () .
) .
3.3
,
.
,
. .
) : :
,
, .
, .
.
) : :
,
.
,
.
,
.
1x+1=1
2x+2=2
1 1
T )
, .
2 2
1 1 1
=
, .
2 2 2
) 1 = 1 = 1 , .
2 2 2
205
x+4=5
2x-4=-2
2x+=7
3x+4=3
3x+2=2
x-2 =14
4x+5=-2
2x-=6
) x + 4 = 5 x : x = 5 - 4.
x 5 - 4 2x - 4 = -2 :
2(5 - 4)- 4 = -2 10 - 8 - 4 = -2 10 - 12 = -2 -12 = -2-10
-12 = -12 = 1. = 1 x = 5 - 4
x = 5 - 4 1 x = 1 . x = 1 = 1,
(x, ) = (1,1)
) 2x + = 7 : = 7 - 2x.
7 - 2x 3x + 4 = 3 :
3x + 4(7 - 2x) =3 3x + 28 - 8x = 3 3x - 8x = 3 - 28 -5x = -25
x = 5. x = 5 = 7 - 2x : = 7 -2 5
= 7 - 10 = -3 . x = 5 = -3,
(x, ) = (5, -3)
) x -2 = 14 x x = 14 + 2.
x x = 14 + 2 3x + 2 = 2
:
3(14 + 2) + 2 = 2 42 + 6 + 2 = 2 8 = 2 - 42 8 = -40
= -5 . = -5 x = 14 + 2 :
x =14 + 2 (-5) x = 14 - 10 x = 4.
x = 4 = -5, (x, ) = (4, -5)
) 2x - = 6 xo = 2x -6.
= 2x - 6 4x + 5 = -2
: 4x + 5(2x - 6)= -2 4x + 10x -30 = -2 14x = 30 - 2
14x = 28 x = 2 . x=2 = 2x - 6 :
= 2 2 -6 = -2 . x = 2 = -2,
(x, ) = ( 2,-2)
2
206
2x-5=-3 )
3x+5=8
4x+3=2
-4x+2=-12
3x-5=1
2x+3=7
)
, .
2x + 3x = -3 + 8 5x = 5 x = 1. x
. . : 3 1 + 5 = 8
5 = 8 - 3 5 = 5 = 1. x=1
=1 , (x,)=( 1,1)
) x
, x .
3 + 2 = -10 5=-10 =-2.
.. : 4x + 3 (-2) = 2
4x - 6 = 2 4x = 6 + 2 4x = 8 x = 2.
x = 2 = -2 , (x, ) = ( 2, -2)
) , .. x. O
2
-3 :
3x-5=1
2x+3=7 -3
6x-10 = 2
-6x-9=-21
:
2 3
+ =13
4x 1
+ 2=3
3
3 2 x 3x +
+
=1
5
5
3 1
=3
+2 =8
)
= .
2 3
)
3 - =3
-2=6
) ,
:
207
3
)
5
4x 1
+ 32=33
3
4x-1+6=9
3-2x+3x+=5
4x+6=10
x+=2
3 2x
3x +
+5
=51
5
5
x x + = 2 : x = 2 - .
4x + 6 = 10 x : 4(2 - ) + 6 = 10
8 - 4 + 6 = 10 -4 + 6 = 10 - 8 2 = 2 = 1. x = 2 -1 =1 .
x = 1 = 1 o
(x, ) = (1,1).
x+3=13
1
1
=
) = x ,
x- = 3
3x-=3 : =3x-3 .
2x+3=13 : 2x+3(3x-3)=13 2x+9x-9=13 11x=22
1
1
1
1
=3 = .
x=2 . =32-3 =3 . =2 =
2
3
1
1
1 1
= o (,)=(
, )
=
2
3
2 3
)
= x 0
= 0 ,
x+2=8
3x- =3
x+2=8 x : x = 8 -2
x 3x-=3 :
3(8-2)-=3 24-6-=3 -7= 3-24 -7=-21 =3 . x=8-23=2
= 3 ( )2=32 =9 .
=4 = 9 o (,) = (4, 9)
O :
208
=2 ( )2=22 =4
. 3
30 100
.
x : x + = 30 (1).
, x 2x .
, 4 . 2x + 4 = 100 (2).
:
x+=30
x+4=100
x+=30 x=30-.
x 2x+4=100 :
5 . ,
10 5 .
.
) ()
(1,2) (-1,3)
) (-1,3) ()
) H : =x+ .
(1,2) (-1,3) , 2=1+ (1) 3=(-1)+ (2) . (1) (2)
+ = 2
-+ =3
5
: 2=5 = .
2
5
5
1
: + =2 =2- =- .
2
2
2
1
5
: = - x+ .
2
2
209
1
5
1 5
) x=-1 =3 : 3=- (-1)+
3= + 3=3 .
2
2
2 2
.
N
.
:
x2-3-1=0
x-=1
x2-2= 3
x+=1
(x-)(x+2)=0
x-3=4
) x-=1 : = x-1.
x2-3-1=0 : x2-3(x-1)-1=0 x2-3x+3-1=0
x2-3x+2=0 . =2-4=(-3)2-412=9-8=1 >0 .
(3) 1 3 1
3 +1
3 1
=
x=
=2 x=
=1 .
=
2
2
2
2
2
x=2 , =2-1 = 1 x=1 , =1-1=0 . (x,)=(2,1) (x,)=(1,0)
x=
x2-2= 3
x+=1
(x-)(x+)=3
x+=1
x- =3
x+=1
210
14.
36 .
.
x .
x + = 14 (1). : = 10x + .
= 10 + x. = + 36
10x + =10+x +36 9x - 9 = 36 x - = 4 (2).
(1) (2). x + = 14 x
x = 14 - .
x x - = 4 :
14 - - = 4 -2 = 4 -14 -2 = -10 = 5, x = 14 - 5 = 9.
95.
() ()
.
1.
(2,1)
2 = x = 1
2.
-3x = 2 -x = 0
3.
1: 3x -2 = 3, 2: 6x -4 = -3 .
4.
5.
1
1
1: 4x - = 1, 2 : x- = .
4
4
H (3x -2 + 1)(x -2 + 5) = 0
.
211
6.
7.
, x,
, x, R.
8.
, x,
(3,2) (-1,2) (-2,2)
9.
x-2=0
4x+7 =0
:
1.
1: 3x + 2 = 5 2: 2x -5 = -3
. (1,1), . (3, -2), . (-4, -1) . (6,3)
2.
3.
4.
212
2x-4=1
6x-12 = 5 :
x-2=1
x+=2
N :
x +1 -1 3
4x - 3 - 1
=
=2
+
+
2
4
2
5
2
)
)
x +1 -1 3
3x + 2 2 - 1
=
=1
2
2
4
4
3
N :
3 -2 = - 5
3 +2 =5
)
)
4 +2 =-2
2 -5 = -3
:
3 -2 = - 5
3 +2 =5
)
)
2 -5 = -3
4 +2 =-2
=
2 5
3-7=15
=
4
+2=10
=
3 2
3+5=16
)
(1,2) (2, -1)
) (1, 2)
.
213
) :
() = x-2 () 3x - 4 = 5
) ( - 1) x + (3 -2) = 0
)
() 3x - 2 = 1 () x - 4 = -3.
) () ().
) ()
() xx.
x+2=9
x-2=-10 (x,)=(1,3)
) ,
) = 3x + 2,
, )
10
.
50 140 ,
.
11
() 3x - = 2 () 4x + = 5
) , () ( -1,)
() ( + 2, )
) , )
214
12
A : x2 -(3 -)x + = 0 1 3
, .
13
:
) (2,4), (-3,8) (12,-4)
) xx
7 .
14
() 3x - = 2, () 4x + = 5
() x -3 = -2 .
15
() 3x - + 6 = 0 xx (4 ,0)
() 2x -4 + - 2 = 4 (0, 6).
,
= 2x + 2
16
x+=11
x-=2
)
)
x=24
x=35
x2+2=73
x+=11
x2-2+x=0
x+2=2
17
= 2x,
3 - 5x = 2 + 2x = 3. N
, , .
18
, x R
2x2 - 6x = 2(x - 2)2 + (x - 2) + 3.
19
22 cm, 30 cm2.
N .
3
1
: () 4x - 3( + 1) = 5 () 2x - 6 = 3
, () ()
) xx )
) (x) = x3 + x2 + x -6. N
-1 2.
) , )
x + 2 = 3.
A ( - + 1)x = - 2 + 3
.
N , (2 -2 -4)2 + (3 + - 2)2 = 0
215
, :
(x,)=(1,1)
2x+3=-1
x-2=5
(3,7)
(-1,-1) (2,5) (-3,0).
.
()
(0,4) 10
.
2x+3=5
4x-3=1
(x,)=(1,1)
2x+6=12
P(x) = x2 + 3x + 2. A
-1 x = 1 4, , .
10
N , :
(1) :
11
x-3=-1
3x+2=5
(2) :
x-2=1
4x+2=14
) N , :
(-+3)x3 +x2+ (2+3 +1) x +3x-2 =0 2 x
) , )
(+1)x+=4
(-3)x+5=6
12
216
:
x + 2 = - 1
x-=2
) ( )
) (x1, 1)
(x1 - 2)2 + (1 - 1)2 = 3.
13
x,
= (x -2 + 1)2 + (3x + - 1)2 + 2007 .
;
14
N 3x - 4 = 12
2x + 3 = 6 :
) xx, ) .
15
1, 2 : 2x + - 3 = 0, 3x - 2 - 1 = 0
.
) 1, 2 .
) R () (2 + 3) x + 2 + 6 = 0
.
1o
1
)
.
) .
) ;
.
2
. ) ()
1: 3x + 2 = 5 2: 3x - 2 = 1
(-1,2)
) () )
.
. ) A
, :
( 1) :
3x-2=1
4x+5=7
x-=6
( 2) :
3x+2=8
) , )
: (1) x - = 6, (2) 3x + 2 = 8.
217
3
. ) 40 .
95 ,
.
) ( -2 -3) x = 2 + - 11
, .
. :
3x - 2 = 5
4x + = 14
, ,
x2 -3x + 2 = 0
4
) () 3x - 2 - 1 = 0.
2 - 3x + 4 + 5 = 0, ().
) )
() 4x - 2 = , xx
218
20
1
) T
)
) :
3x -2 = 0
x + = 0 .
2
A.
2x+3=2
3x+3 =
x,
) . ( x, )
)
x - 2 - 6 = 0
. ) N () 2x + 3 = 5
() 3x - 2 = -1 .
) ()
) (-1,3).
3
. ) ,
= ( -2 -2)2 + (2 + - 9)2 + 2007 .
) 3x - 4 + 5 = 0
(2-1, 2) , ) .
. 100 ,
. 240 ,
.
4
) : x2 + x + = 0.
2 3 ,.
) , )
3x + 2 + 4 = 0 .
219
3.1
H
1. (3,2), (0,6), (-3,10),
2.
)
)
4
)
3
)
1
)
2
3.
4.
i) ) ii) )
5.
i) ) ii) )
-
1.
220
2.
)
(0,0) . 6 0 + 2 0 = 8 -2 8 - 2 = 0
=4
) = 4 6x + 2 = 0 3x + = 0
3.
) x x = 0 : 4 x = 12 x = 3.
O x x (3,0). x = 0
3 = 12 = 4. O (0,4)
) =
4.
1
1
()()= 34=6
2
2
)
=2
x=2
(-2,2)
) 3.
221
5.
) : 6 5
: E = 6 5 = 30 .
222
6.
) xx - 2 = 0 = 2
) - 1 = 0 = 1.
7.
) t1 , t2
x
x , . t1=
, t2= . : t1 + t2 =1 :
2
4
x
+ =1 2x+4=8 x+2=4 .
4 2
8.
x 2x ,
3 .
25 : 2x + 3 = 25.
3.2
1.
2.
3.
1.
(3,2), (3,2).
(0,0) (0,0)
(1,3),
(1,3)
)
223
(1,1). (1,1)
)
224
2.
) .
)
) (0,2). (0,2)
3.
) = 0,
= 10m / sec
) t = 10 sec
20m / sec.
4.
) 1: 20x - = 0.
2: 10x - + 60 = 0
3: = 300
) : 10x + 60 = 300 10x = 300 - 60 10x = 240 x = 24
) 12 :
20 12 = 240 , 3
10 12 + 60 = 120 + 60 = 180 300
) 15
300 210.
90 .
)
6 . 6
. 6
24, , 24
,
24 .
3.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
1 2
5 3
5.
)
)
)
)
6.
1:
2:
225
1.
) = 4. x - 2 4 = 1
x - 8 = 9 x = 9. (x, ) = (9,4)
) x x = 9 - 3.
x, : 4(9 -3) - = 10
36 -12 - = 10 -13 = -26 = 2. x = 9 -3(2) = 9 - 6 = 3
(x,) = (3, 2)
) = -4 -3x.
, : x + 2(-4 -3x) = -3
x - 8- 6x = -3 5x = 5 x = -1. = -4 -3(-1) = -4 +3 = -1
(x, ) = (-1,-1)
2.
226
) = 4 + 2x.
, : 3x -(4 + 2x) = 7
3x -4 -2x = 7 x = 7 + 4 x = 11, = 4 + 2 11 = 26
(x,) = (11,26)
3.
4.
)
4x-3(2x+3)=20-x+
2(x-2)+5(x-2)=3+4
-x-10=20
x - = 2
2x-4+5x-10=3+4
-x-10=20
7x-7=14
x(+4)=(x-6)-15+3x
(x-1)(x+2)=(x+)2-(+1)
x+6=-15
-x- = 0
4x-6x-9=20-x+
x+4x=x-6-15+3x
x2+2x-x-2=x2+2x+2-2-
: 5=-15 =-3 .
227
5.
1,3-0,8=2,1
10 13-8=21 1
13-8 =21
) 0,9+0,4=0,5 10
9+4 =5 2
18+8=10
31=31 =1,
13-8=21 : 131-8=21 13-8=21 -8=8 =-1,
(,)=(1,-1) .
) 4 -40,2=41,5
4
3 + 1,4 = -1
-0,8 = 6
10
3+1,4= -1
10
10-8=60
30+14=-10
-3
1
-30+24= -180
30 +14=-10. 38= -190 =-5.
30+14=-10 30+14(-5)=-10 30-70 =-10
30=60 =2 .
(,)= (2,-5)
)
2,5x+3,2=-1,8
10 25x+32=-18 3 75x+96=-54
1,6x-2,4=-5,6
10
16x-24= -56 4
64x-96=-224 .
139x= -278 x = -2. A
25x+32=-18 : 25(-2)+32=-18 -50 +32=-18 32=32 =1
(x,)=(-2,1)
6.
)
1
2
-x =0
x
x + = 3
-2x=0
x+=3
-2x+=0
-2x+=0
x+=3
2x+2 =6 .
3=6 =2 . x+=2
x+2=3 x=1 , (x,)=(1,2) .
)
228
1 2 1
2 4
2
-2 - =
+ =
6
6
3 4 5
3 4 5
1
. :
+ =
+ =
6
6
1
3
3 2 1
1 2 1
=
3=6 =2 , + = + =
6
6 6
6
2 2
=-6 , (, ) =(2,-6)
=
6
3
6 3
=1
6
6 9
1
+ =1. =2 2=6
2 2
2 1 1
2 1 1
- =
= =3 .
=3 . =
3
3 3
3
( ,)=(3,3)
2 1 1
=
3
6 9
+ =1
7.
x+5=10
x-=1
x x=1+ .
8
: 2(1+)+5=10 2+2+5=10 7=8 = .
7
15
8
15 8
x=
. ( , )
x=1+
7 7
7
7
8.
x-3=-14
: 1 2
x+=-2
x x=-2- .
: 2(-2-)-3=-14 -4-2-3=-14
-5=-10 =2 .
x=-2-2 x=-4 . 1 2 (-4,2) .
x+=-2
: 2 3 : 3x-=14.
: 4 x = 12 x = 3, x+=-2
3+=-2 =-5 . 2 3 (3,-5) .
2x-3=-14
: 1 3 : 3x-= 14
3x-=14 : =3x-14 . 2x-3=-14
2x-3(3x-14)=-14 2x-9x+42 =-14 -7x= -56 x=8 , =38-14
=24 -14 =10. 1 3 (8,10)
9.
3 5 : 3+5=410 (1)
+=100 (2) . :
3+5=410 1 3+5=410
+ =100 -3
-3-3=-300. 2 = 110 = 55.
+=100, + 55 = 100 = 45 . 3
45 5 55 .
229
10. x 1 2 :
+2=7
2-2=8 M 3=15 =5,
+2=7 5+2=7 2=2 =1 . (, )=(5,1)
- =-2
3+=-2
4=-4 =-1 ,
-=-2 , -1-=-2 =1 . (, )=(-1,1)
12. 1 (-1)2 + ( - )(-1) + - 2 = 0 1 - + + -2 = 0
2 - 3 = -1.
3 32+ ( -) 3 + - 2 = 0 9 + 3 - 3 + - 2 = 0
-2 + = -9
2-3=-1
-2+= -9 .
-2= -10 =5. 2-3=-1 2-35=-1
2=14 =7
13. E x .
4x+ 3=180 -2 -8x-6=-360
2x+ 6=180
1
2x+6=180 .
- 6x = -180 x =30 . 230 + 6 = 180 6 = 120 = 20.
30cm 20cm.
14. x 2 5 .
:
x + =800 -2 -2x-2=-1600
2x+5=2500 1
2x+5=2500.
: 3=900 =300 . x+=800
x+300=800 x=500 . 500 2 300 5 .
x+
=16 x+=32
2
: x-2 +4 : x-2=+4
x-=6 . x+=32
x-=6
2x=38 x=19 . A x+=32 18+=32 =13.
19 13 .
15. x o :
230
16.
1, 2 (1> 2 ) : 3
1- 2 = 12 . 1+ 2 = 58 .
: 1- 2 = 12
1+ 2 = 58 . M 2 1= 70 1=35 .
35- 2= 12 2= 35-12 2 =23 .
17.
18. x 32%
48% . : x+=400 (1)
38
32
48
=
400
x +
100
100
100
32x+48=152 (2) . :
x + = 400
32x+48=15200
x+=400 x : x=400- .
(2) 32(400-) +48=15200 12800-32+48=15200
16= 2400 =150 , x=400-150 =250 . 250
32% 150 48%.
19.
20.
231
21.
x
: 7x-3=64 .
4x-6=28 . .
7x-3=64 -2 -14x+6=-128
4x-6=28 1
4x-6 = 28 . -10x=-100 x=10
7x-3=64, 710 -3=64 -3=-6 =2.
10 2 .
3
1.
2.
232
= 1 , .
1 , .
(2,1) ) 1: ( + ) 2 + 1 = 7
2 + 2 = 6 + = 3 (1) ) 2: 2 + ( + 3) 1 = 1 + 3 = -1
(2).
+=3
(1) (2) :
+3=-1
: =3- .
: 3-+3=-1 2=-4 =-2 , =3+2=5 (, )=(5,-2)
3.
(1): x x = 3 + .
: 2(3 + ) + = 9 6 + 2 + = 9
3 = 3 = 1. x = 3 + 1 x = 4 (x, ) = (4,1).
(2)
8+=
-=-8
(2):
12-=
+=12
2= 4 =2 .
: 2-=-8 =10 . (, )=(2,10)
4.
(x - )2 + (x + 2)2 = 0
x - = 0 (1) x+2=0 (2) . (2) x = -2, (1) -2 - = 0
= - 2. (x, ) = (-2, -2)
5.
) 2x + = 4 : = 4 - 2x.
(2x -3 + 4)(x + ) = 0 :
[2x -3 (4 -2x) + 4] (x + 4 -2x) = 0 (2x - 12 + 6x + 4)(-x + 4) = 0
(8x -8)(-x + 4) = 0 8x - 8 = 0 x + 4 = 0 x = 1 x = 4.
x = 1, = 4 -2 = 2, x = 4, = 4 -2 4 = -4
(x, ) = (1, 2) (x, ) = (4, -4)
x
+=-2 2 : x+2=-4
2
(3x-4)(x+2)=8 (3x-4)(-4)=8
3x-4= -2 . :
x+2= -4
3x-4= -2
2
1
2x+4=-8
3x-4=-2
6.
7.
H 2 - -3 = 0 (1) - + 1 = 0 (2).
(2) = -1. (1)
2 -( -1) -3 = 0 2 - + 1 -3 = 0 = 2. = 2 - 1 = 1.
(, ) = (1, 2).
8.
233
9.
x . x - = 5 (1). 11
x + 11 + 11 .
x + 11 4
234
10.
x .
x + = 350 (1) 18 x + 12 = 4500 (2). (1)
x : = 350 -x. (2) 18x + 12(350 -x) = 4500
18x + 4200 - 12x = 4500 6x = 300 x = 50, = 350 - 50
= 300. 50 300
.
11.
x, ,:
= 10x + .
= 10 + x . 10x + = 10 + x + 18 9x -9 = 18 x - = 2 (1).
x + =10 (2). (1) (2) 2x = 12 x= 6,
= 4. 64.
12.
x, , : = 10x +
= (x + ) 6 + 3 10x + = 6x + 6 + 3 4x - 5 = 3 (1).
: = 10 + x :
= (x + ) 4 + 9 10 + x = 4x + 4 + 9 3x - 6 = -9 x -2 = -3 (2).
(2) x : x = 2 -3. (1)
4(2 -3) -5 = 3 8 - 12 -5 = 3 3 = 15 = 5. x = 2 5 -3
x = 7. 75.
13.
x > 2 , > 6
: = x . 2,
5 x -2 + 5 (x - 2)( + 5) = + 94 x + 5x - 2-10 =
x + 94 5x - 2 = 104 (1). 4
6 x + 4 - 6 : (x + 4)( - 6) =
- 104 x - 6x + 4 - 24 = x - 104 -6x + 4 = -80 -3x + 2 = -40
(2). : 5x -2 = 104 -3x + 2 = -40.
: 2x = 64 x = 32. x
3x + 2 = -40 -3 32 + 2 = -40 -96 + 2 = -40 2 = 56
= 28.
14.
15
1
: S=80 =20 km . t
4
1, 2 S1, S2
: S1 = 31, S2 = 3 2
) S1 = S2 + 45 31= 3 2 + 45
1 = 2 +15 (1)
1
1
) S1+ S2=45 1+ 2=45
3
3
1 + 2 =135 (2) . : 1 = 2 +15
1 + 2 =135
O : 2 +15 + 2= 135 2 2 =120 2 =60 Km/ h
1=75 Km/ h.
16. x : A S= t :
180+ x= 12 12-x=180
-1 -12+x=-180
930+x= 42
42-x=930
1
42- x=930
30=750 =25 , 930+x=2542 x=1050-930 x=120 .
120 m 25m/ sec .
17.
A :
1
1
1
= +
2,4 R1 R 2
1
1
1
=
+
R1
R 2 12
1
1
1
:
=
+
R 0 R1 R 2
A :
1 1
10 2
8
1
2
2
2
1 1
1
+ +
=
R2=6
=
R 2 2,4 12
R 2 24 24
R 2 24
2,4 R 2 12 R 2
3
1 1 1
1
= +
=
R1 = 4
R 1 6 12
R 1 12
235
4.1
H = x2 0
x
x .
A ,
(x, ), x,
.
H = x2 0.
(0,0) .
> 0, xx
= 0, x = 0
< 0, xx
= 0, x = 0
:
) : i) T = x2
xx ii) T .
) = x2 = -x2
xx.
) = x2
x.
:
1
= x 2 x.
2
x
-4
8
-2
2
-1
0,5
0
0
1
0,5
2
2
4
8
K
:
239
1.
) , = x2
(-2,4)
) )
) (-2,4) : 4 = (-2)2 4 = 4
= 1
) = 1 : = x2
K x.
x
-3
9
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9
H .
2.
= ( + 1)x2 -1.
) .
) xx
= 4x2
) : + 1 < 0 < -1
) xx + 1 = -4
= -5.
240
3.
A
, . .
) , = x2
(-2,4)
) )
: +
3
< +2 2+3<+4 < 1 . 0 <<1
2 2
() ()
1.
= - x2 xx.
2.
H = (2 + 1) x2 .
3.
4.
= 3x2 (0,0)
5.
= ( + 1)2007x2, -1 (-3,8),
(3,8)
6.
= -2x2, = 6x2 .
7.
= -3x2
xx
241
1.
= ( + 1) x2
(-2,4)
. = 0, . = -1 . = 2 . = -3 . = 4
2.
= ( + 2)x2.
xx :
. < 0, . < -1 . < -2 . > 0 . > -2
3.
= ( - 2)x2. H :
. = 2, . > 2, . < 2, . .
4.
= x2, 0 = 3x2
xx :
. = 3, . = -3, . < 3, . > 3
5.
x R (-1,3)
:
. (1, 3), . (-1,3) . (3,1) . (-3,1)
1.
) = -x2
1 2
x -4 x 4
2
2.
) = -x2 -2 < x 1, ) = x2 -4 x 4
3.
, = ( +2)x2
(1,4).
xx.
4.
242
-2 <x 1 , ) =
+1
=(
4 )x2. N
. 2
5.
1
=(+ )x2, = (2 -1)x2.
3
: ) .
) xx.
6.
= (2 - 3 + 2) x2
) ( 1,6)
) )
.
7.
= (2 + 4 + 4) x2, = (2 - 2 + 1)x2
-2, 1.
( )
.
243
4.2
H = x2 + x + 0
= x2 + x + 0.
: H = x2 + x +
0 :
, ), .
2 4
x=2
: A > 0, = x2 + x +
= - , x=4
2
(-
A < 0, = x2+x+ = 4
.
x=2
:
) = x2 +
= x2 : i)
> 0 ii) < 0.
.
) = (x-)2
= x2 : i) > 0
ii) <0. .
1.
= x2 -( -2) x -3.
) R.
) x = 1 .
) )
.
244
) = 1 > 0 R.
) =x2+x+ 0 x=: 1= -
( - 2 )
2=-2 =4
2
) = 4 : = x2 -2x -3.
xx: = 0 x2 - 2x -3 = 0. E = 1, = -2,
= -3 = 2 - 4 = (-2)2 - 4 1 (-3) = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0.
2 16
-
24
2+4
x1,2=
x1,2=
, x=
=3 x=
=-1 .
2
2
2
2
xx (3,0), (-1,0)
: x = 0 : = -3. (0,-3)
2.
20. :
) x : -x2 + 20x
) .
.
) x 20 -x.
: x (20 -x) = 20x - x2 = -x2 + 20x.
) = -x2 + 20x. = -1 < 0
20
x= x=-
=10
2
2
10 10. :
10 10 = 100 .
3.
= x2 + x + 0.
, , (0,4)
xx (-2,0 ).
(0,4) , 4= (1) .
,- ) : 0= =0 (2) . (-2,0) :
(2 4
2
0=(-2)2+0(-2)+4 0=4+4 =-1 (3)
245
() ()
.
1.
= (2 + 1)x2 + 3x - 6 .
2.
= x2 - 4 x = -2
3.
= x2 + x + , 0.
.
4.
= x(1 -x) + 2x + 6 x .
5.
6.
= x2 - 4x + 1, = -2x2 + 8x + 10
.
7.
= (x-2)2
= x2, 2 .
8.
= x2 + x + 0. = 0
.
9.
= x2 + 5
5 .
10. = 2x2 + 6x + 8 x= -
3
2
11. -x2 -2 = 3 .
246
1.
= ( - 3)x2 - 3x + - 1 3.
.
. > 3, . < 3, . > 0 . < 0.
2.
= x2 + 2x + 0, .
. x= , . x=-
2
2
3.
10.
. 20 . 100 . 20 . 100
4.
= x2 + x + , 0 :
. = 0, . > 0, . < 0, . = 0
5.
= x2 + x + , 0 :
. > 0, . <0, . = = 0 . > 0
6.
H = x2 + x + , 0 xx :
. = 0, . = 0 . 2 = 4, . .
:
) = x2 + 3, ) = x2 - 4, ) = (x + 2)2, ) = (x -1)2
N .
) = -x2 - 4x + 2 ) = (x -1)2 + 3
= x2 -(2 -3)x + 2.
)
) x = -1 .
)
= 2x2 -( -1)x + 1. A
.
= 2x2 + ( -1)x + 6.
) x = -1
) )
, = -x2 + x + , x = 4
6
247
10.
) .
) .
A x, 2x + = 5.
= x + 5
= -x2 + x + 1, = x2 - 3x + 2. N
.
10
: = x2 -( + 2)x - + 1, R .
)
.
)
.
11
x ( ) .
x 2x + 7 ( )
. x ( )
.
.
248
= x2 - x + - 1. N
x + 2 - 4 = 0
x, : 2x + = 5 (1).
x .
20
.
= x2 -4x + - 1 = 0
) xx .
) )
= 12 cm
, , .
.
249
10 K
10
) ;
) = x2 + x + 0. ;
; .
) = x2 + x + 0.
;
20
= x2, (1,3) .
) .
) .
) xx.
30
= x2 - 3x + 2.
) .
) .
) , xx
.
40
= ( - 2)x2
) .
)
xx = (2 + -1) x2.
250
20 K
10
)
.
) (3, 9).
(-3,9).
) = x2 + x + , 0 (0,4),
, , .
20
= ( -2)x2 + 5x + 2, 2.
) .
)
.
30
= x2 + x + , 0. N
, , : ,
() x + = 0, () 3x + = 0
= 3x2
40
30 m.
) .
) .
) .
251
4.1 H = x2
1
1
,- )
2
2
1.
) (2,-8), ) (
2.
: ), )
: ), )
3.
)
4.
0
5.
6.
)
3
252
)
4
)
1
)
2
-
1.
-2
8
-1
2
0
0
1
2
2
8
-2
-8
-1
2
0
0
1
2
2
8
0
0
) K
x
-2
-3
-1
-0,75
0
0
1
-0,75
)
x
2
-3
-3
6
-1
2
3
0
0
1
2
3
3
6
0
0
2.
:
) = x2
x
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2 (i)
4
= 3x2
x
-2
12
1 2
x
3
-3
3
-1
1
3
0
0
1
1
3
3
3
(ii)
-1
3
0
0
1
3
2
12
(iii)
253
iii)
ii)
i)
3
) (i) = x2
2
-2
6
-1
1,5
3
(ii) = - x2
2
0
0
1
1,5
2
6
-2
-6
-1
-1,5
0
0
1
1,5
2
6
i)
ii)
3.
254
-2
1
-1
0,25
0
0
1
0,25
2
1
4.
9
=-9 : -9 = -4x2 x2=
4
3
3
(- , -9 ) ( , -9 )
2
2
x=
5. :
2=(+2) =0
3
.
2
1
1
1
1
= (+2)( - )2 =(+2)
2
2
2
4
6. : = 1 2 2 = 4 2= 4
1
= 2 . <0 <0
= - 2
1 2
7. ) m=1 = ( )
2
=2 =2 ( )
=4 =22 (
) = 2 1 kg.
) =
3
4 kg.
2
255
4.2 H = x2 + x + 0
1.
2.
i) ),
ii) )
3.
)
4.
)
2
)
4
)
1
)
3
)
(-1,-4)
x
-3
0
-2
-3
2.
256
-1
-4
0
-3
1
0
)
(1,8)
x
-1
0
0
6
1
8
2
6
3
0
1 2
) =3>0 x=- ==2
2
6
12
=-1
==12
4
8
) = -4<0 x===-1
2 8
80
=5
==4
1 6
) x = 6 = 7
3.
x
-4
-2
0
1
6
0
0
3
2
8
0
= 3 x = 1 x = -3
4.
H (1,1).
3
1
H (- ,)
2
4
x
-1
5
0
2
1
1
2
2
3
5
257
= x2 + 2
= 2x.
5.
) x = 1, = 6 : 6 = 12 + 3 1 + = 2
) = 2 : = x2 + 3x + 2
x
-2
0
0
2
1
6
2
12
3
20
6.
258
xx : =0 : x2-6x+5=0 x= 1 x=5 ,
xx (1,0) , (5,0) .
: x=0 : =5 ,
1
(0,5). = ()() () . ()=4
2
1
()=5 , = 45=10 . .
2
7.
2
2 4 1
4= -7=
=-8 . =2 1
4
4 1
-28 = -[(-8)2-4] -28= -64+4 4=36 = 9
=1 >0 x=-
8. ) : =x2+x+ 0 . (0,0)
) x=30, = -
259
1.
ii)
2.
3.
x2 = 2x -3 x2 + 2x - 3 = 0 x = 1 x = -3.
x = 1 = -1, x = -3 = -9,
(1,-1), ( -3, -9). T
.
4
: =x2+x+ 0. (0,5) 5= (1 ).
260
5.
: x, z x + z = 10 z = 10 - x.
1
1
1
xz= x(10-x)=- x2+5x , 0<x<10
2
2
2
) <0 x=2
5
x=- =5 , z=10-5 z=5
1
) : =
6.
x x
: 6-x 3 + x,
:
E = (6 -x)(3 + x) = 18 + 6x - 3x - x2 = -x2 + 3x + 18.
3 3
=
= -1 < 0 x=- =2 2 2
7.
=x , =10-x . T :
x2, (10-x)2. T : x2 + (10-x)2 = x2+100-20x+x2
= 2x2-20x+100. H = 2x2-20x+100 =2>0
20
x=- =-
= 5. .
4
2
8. . =x2+x+ , 0 , .
) : (0,6) , (6,0) 6=0+0+ =6 (1)
0=62+6+6 36+6+6=0 6++1=0 (2) . x=2
1
1
2= =-4 6-4+1=0 2=-1 =- , 6(- )++1=0
2
2
2
1
-3++1=0 =2 . : = - x+2x+6 , 0x6.
2
) x=2,
6 x = 4 4 .
9.
) =x2+x+
0 . (-8,0) (8,0)
3
=0 . 0=(-8)2+(-8)+ 0=64+0+6 64= -6 =- .
32
3
: =- x2+6, -8 x 8 .
32
3
) () x=1,6 . =- 1,62+6 =-0,24+6
32
=5,76 . 5,76 .
261
5.1
. K
.
, , , ... :
) .
.
.. = { ,, , ,},
2007 = {2, 0, 7} ...
.
, ,
. .
+ = {+1, +2, +3,}. ,
. +1 + -2 + .
) .
.
= { 1,3,5,7,} ,
, :
A = { }, = {xN, x }
) Venn
. ..
8 ,
Venn.
.1 .3
.5
.7
, .
, =
265
.
, .
I .
= {0, 1, 3, 5, 7} = {0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 ,9},
Venn :
B
.0 .1
.3
.5 .7
.8
.9
:
i)
I
ii)
A I I, I
iii)
A I I =
L {}.
, L I
: , .
F ,
.
:
F = {x / x A x }
: , .
,
. :
= {x/xA x}
= {0, 1, 2, 4, 5}, = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6} = {0, 1, 2, 4}
266
.
.
.
.
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7} : A = {4, 8}
:
) I F, I F
) I, I
) F = F , =
) F= , F = , FA =, A = L
) L = , = L
) I, F =, = .
1.
.
= { , 3 30}
= {x , x x3 = 4x}
2.
= {-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3}, = {-3, 0, +3}, = {-2, + 1, +3},
:
) F, ) , ) (F ) ) F
267
A.
() ()
1.
{L} .
2.
{0, 1, 2} = {1, 0, 2}
3.
5={5}
4.
{1, 2, 3}I{1, 2, 4, 6}
5.
x F x A
6.
x x A
7.
8.
I
9.
F I
10. I, F =
.
268
1.
, I :
. = , . F = , . = , . = L
2.
3.
4.
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 0} :
. = , . I, . I, .
= {x Z , -1 x1} ={ x Z, x
x2 = 1}
) .
) F,
R,
:
A = {1, , 3}, A = {0, , 3} A = {1, 2 + 1, }
8 5
A 5 . F
= {1, 3, } ={1, 2, }.
, = .
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
x2 - 2x + = 0 R.
.
Venn
:
) F,
) , (F), ()
21 4 6
269
5.2
-
,
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
,
. ,
= L
:
) (),
.
) ()
,
.
.
)
) . : H ,
: .
270
1 2
={, , , }
= { , }
= { ,}
2
.
) .
) .
: 9
: 15.
) :
2
1
1
(1,1)
(1,2)
(1,3)
(1,4)
(1,5)
(1,6)
(2,1)
(2,2)
(2,3)
(2,4)
(2,5)
(2,6)
(3,1)
(3,2)
(3,3)
(3,4)
( 3,5)
(3,6)
(4,1)
(4,2)
(4,3)
(4,4)
(4,5)
(4,6)
(5,1)
(5,2)
(5,3)
(5,4)
(5,5)
(5,6)
(6,1)
(6,2)
(6,3)
(6,4)
(6,5)
(6,6)
= {(1,1) , (1,2), (1,3) (6,5), (6,6}
) = { (4,6), (5,5), (5,6) ,(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
={ (3,6), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
() ()
.
1.
= {1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5}
2.
= {1, 3, 6} = {2, 6} .
3.
271
4.
, F = .
5.
.
12 .
6.
7.
8.
1.
.
:
. = {, , , }, . = {, }, . ={, },
. ={, }
2.
= {1, 3, 4} = {2, 5, 6}
. 6
:
. , . F, . . .
3.
. :
. = {, }, . ={, , }, . ={, }, . ={, }
272
.
) .
)
: K 3
: 4 .
) : , , (F )
) , .
:
: O .
: O .
:
) , ) , ) F, ) ) ) (F)
.
) .
) :
: 1 5.
: 2 2.
) : F, .
.
) .
) :
: N .
: .
: .
:
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
, = { 8}
={ 3}.
) , .
) .
) , .
6
.
.
.
:
) .
) :
A: .
: N .
273
5.3
.
,
.
,
.
: () = .
.
,
() :
:
0 () 1.
: A () = 0,
= L
274
1.
, : () + () = 1
2.
, :
(F ) + ( ) = () + ()
, : (F ) = () + ().
. ,
: 2. : .
) .
) : (), (), F,
55% , 40%
30% .
.
:
.
.
.
.
:
: , : K .
:
10%
35%
30%
25%
275
:
(())2 + (())2 = 1, : () = 0 () = 1
() + () = 1 : () = 1-().
(())2 + (())2 = 1 (())2 + (1-())2 = 1
(())2 + 1 - 2 () + (())2 = 1 2(())2 - 2 () = 0
2 ()(() -1) = 0 () = 0 () = 1
() ()
276
1.
() = 2
2.
, ,
( ) = L
3.
= {1, 2, 3, 4} {} = 4
4.
5.
() .
6.
() = 1.
7.
: (L) = 0
8.
9.
,
: () + () > 1
10. A , :
() + () = 1.
11. , : ( F ) = () + () - ( )
12. I () = ((L))
1.
:
. () + () = 0, . () + () = 2, . () = (),
.
2.
, :
N( ) = 0 :
. (F ) = () + (), . () + () = 1, . () = (),
. .
277
={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} .
={3, 4, 8}, = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8}
) : , , F,
) ) .
18 12 .
.
. :
) .
)
)
)
28 , 35
37 . ,
.
)
) .
, .
(), ( F ), ( ), :
(3x -1)(5x -2)(6x -1) = 0 :
) (), ( F ), ( )
) ()
,
:
)
)
)
:
i) N , .
ii) K .
278
6
6
.
:
) 1, ) 4, ) 1 4, ) 5 ) 2.
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
:
x3 - 5x2 + 6x = 0. N .
40 . 20
, 14 8 .
,
:
. N .
.
.
) .
) .
) , .
10
279
:
3 [()2 + 6() + () -3 = 0. ().
, .
,
:
. 4
) .
) .
3
120 , 24
, 20
12
. .
:
. .
. .
. .
. :
)
) : x2 -3x + = 0
, .
( F ) + ( ) = 2, ,
.
15 , x .
.
.
280
= {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= {2, 4, 7} = {1}.
) , .
1
.
) ;
) .
) .
, .
: F ,
2
5 , 10 , 15 .
.
A: H .
: H
:
3
.
, :
4
45%,
25% 10%.
)
)
281
1
) , .
) .
) .
2
) ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
: x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
.
) = {1, 2, 4, 6}, ={3, 4, 5} .
: F , A, B.
3
15 , x .
.
.
4
, .
, ,
. 4
:
) .
) .
282
5.1
1.
)
2.
)
3
3.
)
4
)
2
)
1
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {1, 2, 3} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
= {4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 6, 7}
={ 1,2,3,4,5} = {2, 3}
4.
)
5
5.
)
6
)
2
)
3
)
1
) F : , , .
) :
) : ,
) : ,
) ( F ):
) ( ): , ,
283
1.
2.
I , = , = , I ,
3.
4.
A = {(0, 4), (4, 0), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2)}
5.
) = { }, ) = { }
) = { 4}
6.
7.
) = {, , , , , } = {, , , , , }, = {, , , , }
) F ={, , , , , , , }, = {, , , }, ={, , ,}
) ( F )={ , , , , }, ( ) ( ) = {, , , , ,}.
( F )= ( ) ( )
8.
) , ) F , ) , ) ( )
9.
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
5.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
284
E
), ), )
. .
: 235, 253, 325, 352, 523, 532,
) = {4, 8, 10} ={ 6}
) = {2, 4, 6}, ) = {4, 5, 6}
) .
) 27 .
-
1.
= { , , , , , }
2.
= {, , , , , , , }
3.
4.
) = {, , , , , }
) .
) .
5.
) = {, , , , , , , , , , , }
) = {, , , , , , , }
= { , , , , , , , , }
6.
7.
5.2
1.
), ), )
2.
3.
)
285
4.
5.
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
-
1.
) : o
: o :
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, = {4, 8, 12}
2.
3.
T : 52 - 12 = 40.
:
4.
5.
:
: O 15.
: O 14.
: O 16.
: O 19 20. :
6.
:
= {, , , , , , , }
A : N
:
286
7.
O () = 36 .
8.
A : O :
9.
: () = 4()
() + () =1 () + 3 () = 1 4() = 1 () =
10. ( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
11.
12. :
: .
: .
() = 0,42, () = 0,21, ( ) = 0,15.
F .
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
( F ) + 0,15 = 0,42 + 0,21 ( F ) = 0,48.
13. :
: .
: .
. .
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
287
1.
2.
: H
: N() = 8, :
3.
12
18
36
14
) A: To .
: .
4.
288
: 12 , ,
(250, 650) (650, 250) .
:
5.
.
: 8, 12, 20.( )
6.
: 12 . )
.
) 1 :
.
.
7.
8.
) 25 = 32, )
1
2
)
64
32
289
1.1
-
.
,
,
.
,
= , = = .
, .x.
, .
.x .
T
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
293
:
1.
, .
2.
, .
3.
, .
:
1.
, .
2.
, .
3.
, .
,
.
=
.
.
:
294
A ,
.
.
1 (--)
, .
2 (--)
, .
3 (--)
, .
:
1.
2.
.
.
:
295
, :
()
()
()
()
()
.
()
296
( = ).
:
) .
) .
) , : ,
:
i) AB = A ii)
( ) 3) .
(--),
.
) ) .
= .
:
. .
2
= .
.
:
) , . ) .
)
297
) , :
i) = ( )
ii)
iii) .
.
) ) , ,
.
: = .
) , : i) BM = M , ii) =
iii) . ,
, .
.
N () ()
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. , .
11. .
12. .
13. A .
14. .
15. O .
16. .
17. H .
298
18. .
1.
. :
. , . , . , .
2.
:
. , .
. , . .
3.
:
. , . .
. , .
> 900.
4.
5.
T , :
. , . , . , . .
6.
,
:
. , . , . . . .
7.
:
. , . , .
, . .
A
1
= = .
:
) , .
) , .
.
] x ] . ,
.
299
300
A :
, . :
) , .
) , .
) , .
, AB =
:
, . :
) , .
) , .
) , .
, : = , =
, . :
) , .
) , .
. ,
()
.
.
= . :
) , .
) , .
( = ).
, .
, = .
:
) , .
) .
) , .
.
, . :
)
) =
10
.
= = . .
, , , .
:
) , .
) , .
) , .
11
( = ).
. :
) , .
) , .
) .
12
. .
, , . :
) , .
) , .
) , .
13
( < ) .
, . :
) .
) , .
) .
14
15
( = ).
, = .
, :
) .
) .
301
1.2
,
.
:
1, 2, 3
, ,
: AB = B.
1, 2, 3 , , .
2
3
: AB = B.
// , // :
T , : ) = , ,
( )
= . )
( ).
)
. ( ).
,
: AB = B.
,
o ,
.
.
// .
// , , ,
B
. = .
302
= 7cm
,
2,3333cm, .
:
A x
, , .
, , ,
, , A . x
, .
= = .
.
, .
, =
,
.
, ,, : T
, , :
(1). H (1)
, , , . ,
, . ,
, ,, .
:
.
303
: =
.
2
.
3
,
.
1
.
. )
)
) = (1)
= (2).
(1) (2)
, //
) // , ,
. (
)
.
A
304
.
.
.
: ) = , ) = ,
) = =
N
M
) // ,
, : AN = NK (1)
) // ,
, : NK = K (2)
) (1) (2) = =
3
:
.
.
.
M
, // .
] , ] .
A
: = . = .
= = ,
.
: 300
.
. : =
. = = .
. .
,,
, , .
.
A
K
305
: ) K ,
(1)
(2),
) ,
) K , ,
(3).
= = (1), (2), (3)
: KM = = .
. = 10 cm , , ,
, , , :
) .
)
306
) :
.
B
1.
2.
,
.
5.
6.
300
.
.
() ()
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
600,
.
.
.
A = 5 cm,
7 .
6.
7.
= 1
8.
9.
B :
, = 3 = 5
10. .
11. .
307
1.
, , :
T
2.
:
. 4, . 3, . 16, . 5.
. = 8 cm, A = 6 cm
3.
.
= 12 cm, :
. 5 cm, . 10 cm, . 8 cm, . .
4.
. = 10cm
:
. 5cm, . 20 cm, . 8 cm, . .
5.
.
:
= 5 cm
) .
) :
i)
308
ii)
iii)
. = 12cm
600). ,
:
( // ).
, , ,
. :
) , , .
) , , .
( < ). ,
, . :
) =
)
) //
6
= 5cm
N :
= 8cm
= 20 cm.
.
, : = 5cm
: T
.
309
1.3
.
, :
. :
1 // 2 // 3
A
B
A B B
=
=
(1)
A B
(1) :
=
=
:
, ,
:
A
//
.
=
// .
=
B
o
: .
310
() . x
:
A
)
2
)
x
10
) // ,
2 x
x2=16 x = 4 .
=
=
x 8
) // ,
= x = 5 10x=20 x=2 .
4 10
A 1 // 2 // 3, x :
)
A A
2 B
3
B x
9
2
3
A
3
x
8
B
1
2
3
) 1 // 2 // 3 :
2 3
3x= 18 x=6
=
=
x 9
) 1 // 2 // 3 :
A
4 8
=
4x=24 x=6 .
=
3 x
311
: AK // B // .
: OA = OM
.
AB M N
0
M
A
B
// . :
OA A B
OA OK
(1) . //.
=
=
OK K
AB K
:
(2) .
=
=
.
(1) (2)
=
() ()
1.
A
=
// .
2.
, ,
// .
3.
= 3, = 6,
= 5, = 8,
.
4.
312
//.
= 4, = 2 = 12,
.
5.
// // :
=
1.
// .
x :
. 4, . 2 . 6, . .
2.
3.
// . = x + 2,
AE = 3, = 4, = 2. x :
. 4, . 6, . 8, . .
// , // .
= 4, = 8, = 1, = 2, = 6,
= 5. :
. 10, . 6, . 4, . .
B
K
(//). ,
, .
. :
) //
313
.
// ,
. :
= 12cm = 8cm.
, :
() // , , , .
, .
314
: // , // .
= x, = 12, = , = 2x, Z = 4,
x, .
.
, : = .
. , :
1.4
)
,
: OA = , > 0,
.
O
.
, .
) .
.
> 0, ,
, .
, 0
.
A
A
B
B
) .
x
> 0.
x .
A
, , . A
, ,
, ,
x. .
B
B
) .
. , , ,
, , , ,
> 0 .
315
. :
A
A
> 0 :
) > 1
) 0 < < 1
) = 1
:
) .
)
.
) .
A
(, )
A
> 0.
K
K
.
.
= . (, )
(,) .
() ()
316
1.
2.
300 = 2 600.
3.
< 0.
4.
5.
= 1 .
6.
> 1,
.
7.
1.
2cm. T
= 3,
. 6 cm, . 1,5 cm, . 4cm, .
2.
.
= 0,5 .
. 400, . 800, . 200. . .
3.
= 6cm. H
:
. 2, . 3, . 18, . .
= 2cm. N :
) o 1
) o 2
= 3cm. N :
)
) .
317
(,2).
2.
. = 6 cm
5 cm,
= 2. .
. = 4, = 3.
,
.
318
1.5
.
.
:
.
.
,
. (
,
)
, : A
:
-
.
.
.
1:100.000,
1 cm
100.000 cm = 1000m = 1km.
319
.
.
.
, .
, .
,
.
:
A
.
. : ,
, , .
:
.
.
1
, :
) , .
) , .
320
. ,
. ,
. ,
, :
, :
. = 10cm
= 8cm A = 12cm. 15 cm.
.
321
() ()
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. 0.
.
1.
: = 6, = 10, = 8.
48.
:
. 20, . 16, . 12, .
2.
. , .
:
. , . , . , . .
3.
. =
10cm, = 2cm. :
. 4 cm, . 8 cm, . 2 cm, . .
= 2cm,
= 8cm, = 16cm :
. 4cm, . 8cm, . 2cm, . .
4.
322
) // , , .
) x .
= 8cm, A = 12cm. ,
, : A = 2 cm, AE = 3cm.
) // .
) , .
) = 4cm, .
. , . :
) , .
) , .
. .
] ] .
: ) , .
) , .
.
. :
) , .
) , .
. .
,
.
.
, .
: ) , .
) , .
323
1.6
, , .
:
: , :
.
:
O
.
.
= 2.
. :
) , .
) 10cm2, .
) , , :
i)
)
2
A 30%, %
.
.
= + 0,3 = 1,3 .
324
. :
: - = 0,69 =69%
() ()
.
1.
2.
4.
2.
3.
4.
6cm, 3cm. T
8cm 4 cm.
5.
1 = 3cm, 2 = 6 cm
4.
6.
20%
40%.
1.
5cm.
T :
. 10 cm, . 5 cm, . 20 cm, .
2.
50cm2. A ,
:
. 450 cm2, . 150 cm2, . 100cm2 .
3.
,
20cm 15cm. A 1: 100,
.
. 300 m2, . 200 m2, . 100m2 .
325
//. = 3, = 9 () = 100cm2,
().
30%,
.
110% (
( ). %
.
10 cm.
.
// . = 2, = x + 2
, x.
326
( = ), = 12 cm.
: = 5 . : K ]
] . :
) ,
.
) 100cm2,
.
2 cm 6 cm.
15 cm.
N .
( ...)
8cm 100cm2.
40cm. A :
) .
) 25 cm2.
. .
, .
. ,
,
. .
( // ).
// .
:
) , .
) , .
) =
10
10
) .
) .
) ;
20
( < ).
= . :
) , .
) =
30
) . . ]
] . ,
.
) cm2 1:100
10 .
40
) // . = 3, = 9 () = 100cm2,
().
) 8cm 100cm2.
40cm. A :
25 cm2.
327
20
10
) .
) .
) .
20
= 8cm, A = 12cm. ,
, : A = 2 cm, AE = 3 cm.
) // .
) , .
) = 4cm, .
30
( // ).
// .
:
) , .
) , .
) =
40
.
, : = .
. , :
328
1.1
1.
2.
3.
: ) = , ) = = 800 ) = (
), (- -) :
AB = , =
4.
= : = 450, :
YYY
Y
) = = 600, ) = = 450 ) =
5.
. ,
.
6.
YYY
Y
7.
8.
: ,
.
9.
: , ,
.
10. (
, ).
11. ,
.
329
YY
1.
, : ) = , ) = ) =
( ). (--),
, : B =
2.
, : ) = , ) ) =
( ). ( --),
: =
3.
, : ) = , ) = ) = .
(--),
: =
4.
, : ) = , ) = , ) .
(--),
: =
5.
T , : ) = = 3cm, ) =
, )
,
(--) o: Z = ZE (1). , : ) = ,
YY
YY
Y
) = )
(--) : ZE = E (2). (1) (2)
= = . .
6.
, : ) = , ) = (
) )
. (--),
7.
8.
330
.
YY
YY
, : ) = , ) ) =
(--)
= =
YY
9.
) , : 1) = , 2)
= 70
3)
. (--).
= .
. ,
) :
, 3)
: 1) = , 2)
(--) .
10. , : ) = ( )
) = (), ) .
(-- ).
11. , : ) = ( )
) , ) = ( ).
(- -).
12. , : ) = , ) = , ) .
(- -),
,
13. ) , : 1) = , 2) = ,
3) = . (--),
) , : 1) AB =AB, 2) B = , 3)
(- -).
14. ) , : 1) BM = M, 2) = , 3)
(--)
. = .
) , : 1) = .
2) , 3) = ( ).
(- -).
15. , : ) = ) = ) .
331
. = .
16. T , : ) = , ) )
. : ,
.
. = , = , .
17. , : ) . ) = (
, ) )
. :
.
= .
18. , (). , :
) = , )
, ) .
. , = .
19. ) , : 1) = , 2) = , 3)
.
. ,
.
) , : 1) = , 2)
(- -).
, 3)
20. , : ) = , )
) = ( , ,
)
. = .
= , (
) = =
21. , : ) = , ) , )
.
332
1.2
4 5
= 4x = 20 x = 5.
4 x
1.
2.
E // // = = , = = 4 = ,
= 12 cm.
3.
A :
4.
12
4
12
4
, )
=
= , )
=
= , )
16
12
4
16
5.
1
B 2
= , )
= , )
= , )
=4 , )
=1
3
3
2
AE
=
E
4 5
=
4 6
6.
)
7.
-
1.
2.
A
, = : = 3=x .
=
BE
3 3
=
= , = 4 .
333
5
5
2
= , iv)
=
i)
= 2 , iii)
=
=
= , ii)
6
6
2
5
5
5
2
1
5
=
=
v)
6
3
3
5
=
4
2
3.
: 2 =2+2 2= 22+12 = 5
5
A
1
5
)
=
, )
= 2 , )
=
=
2
5
5
4.
. 2 = 2 - 2 2 = 100 - 36 2 = 64 =8.
6
AB 6
8
)
, )
, )
=
=
=
B 10
10
8
5.
. .
2=2-2 2=42-22 2=12 = 1 2 =2 3
3
A 2 3
=
=
4
2
6.
) ,
.
.
) AB = 2AE = 2 = 2A = 2 AB =
AE AE
AE
334
7.
A
(1) .
BM=
2
A
o: =
(2) . (1) (2) =
2
8.
// .
=
1.3
1.
BZ 3
4
7
= , )
= , )
=
6
10
13
2.
)
3. . :
AE E
4 6
=
= 28 = 30
BZ
5 7
2 1
AB
4. )
=
= =2 , )
=
=
= , )
=
= = , )
=
6 3
4
B 2
. 2
5.
-
1.
2.
AE E
12
6
12 = 146 =7
=
=
14
BZ
AE E
4
6
6x=4(8-x)
=
=
BZ
x 8x
6x=32-4x 6x+4x=32 10x=32 x=3,2 . =3,2 , =4,8 .
= x , =8-x , :
3.
x 8
A
= x2=818 x=12
=
18 x
4.
I :
OA
=
O
O
15 10
180
15=180 =
=12
=
=
18
15
21 14
210
14=210 =
=15
=
10
14
335
5.
: B = = 4.
,
5 4
A
4x=30 x=7,5
=
=
x 6
6.
I :
OA
12 1 8
10=90 =9
=
=
15
7.
AZ
18 x 8
x=10,8 . A :
=
=
AH
9
8.
1.4
34 28
OA O
.
=
=
OB
68 65
1.
) , ) , ) , )
2.
10 30 20 .
3.
336
1
2
1
3
-
1. )
i)
ii)
2
=
3
2
=
=
=
=
3
:
2
2
=
= 8 cm
12
3
3
2
2
=
= 6 cm
9
3
3
2 = 2 + 2
2 = 122 + 92 2 = 225 = 15 cm
B 2
B 2
=
= 10 cm
B
15
3
3
337
3.
AB, = 3
: 2 = 2 + 2 2 = 4 + 4 = 8
B
=
=
=3
= 2 2. = = 450
B
= 3 = 3 2 = 6
= 3 = 3 2 = 6
B
= 3 B = 3 2 2 = 6 2
B
4.
5.
338
OA = 3 OA = 3
6.
= 2.
7.
(-2, 2)
(2, 2)
(0, -4)
339
(-3, 1)
(3, 3)
(-5, -1)
8.
-2
//
9.
, ,
.
340
1.5
1.
)
2.
1 3 7, 5 6, 2 4
3.
2
4
6
, .
2
3
4
4.
-
1.
) .
2.
3.
: 20 cm, 14 cm. A
:
. .
341
4.
5.
, .
// :
// :
(1).
, .
, .
.
6.
.
.
,
.
:
1 : 4000.
1.
) ( ), ) ( )
2.
3.
4.
)
342
5.
) ( )
) .
.
-
1.
) , , :
2.
3.
)
) ) //
, .
. //
( )
4.
5.
343
6.
T , .
.
7.
8.
1.6
1.
2.
) ) )
3.
. .
-
1.
T , =
2.
344
(A ) 2 3 2 9
= =( ) = .
(
5
25
A 3
=
5
3
, =
= , :
5
18
9
(A ) 3 2
9()=2518 ()=50cm2 .
=( )
=
( ) 5
( ) 25
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
, ( )
1
( ) 1
(AOB)
1
= . :
=
= ( )2
5
( ) 25
( ) 5
()=25()
1
) , = , :
2
1
(AZE)
(A ZE) 1
= ( )2
= .
(A ) 2
( A) 4
) , ( ),
( Z ) 1
= .
( ) 4
A 8 2
, , =
= =
12 3
4
4 4
( )
2
:
= ( ) 2 1 = = . ,
9
9 9
3
( )
B 4 1
( )
1
1
=
= = . :
= ( )2 2 =
12 3
9
( )
3
1
1
5
4
2= . : E1+E2+E3=E + + 3= 3= -
9
9
9
9
4
3= = 1
9
AB 4
, =
= ,
A 3
16
( )
4
. B . 2= 2 +2
= ( )2 =
9
( )
3
2=32+42 2=9+16 2= 25 =5 . ,
AB 4
( ) 4 2 16
=
= ,
=( ) =
B 5
25
( ) 5
AB
, , =
2
=
, Z=
. ,
2
2
1
1
() 1
1
()
()= ( )
= .
=
= ( )2
2
4
( ) 4
2
( )
1
3
:()-() = () - ( ) = ()
4
4
) O =1,2.
=401,44 =57,6cm2
E
E
= 1,4 4
= 1,2 2
E
40
) =0,75 .
= 0,5625
= (0,75 ) 2
40
2
= 400,5625 =22,5 cm
345
9.
1,3 ,
=1,32=1,69 =1,69 .
=1,3 .
69%
=0,82=0,64 =0,64 .
o : = 0,8.
36%
1
1.
2.
) , : 1) = , 2) = , 3)
, = .
3.
, : ) = , ) = ,
)
. (--),
, = .
4.
, : ) = , ) =
)
(- ).
,
: ) = )
(- -)
5.
346
. ,
,
6.
7.
cm2
8.
cm
9.
cm
10.
347
2.1
00 1800
,
: ,
:
:
A o x .
(3,4) ] xx ] , = 3 = = 4.
:
1)
A
:
.
. : (900- ) = , (900 - ) =
351
2)
.
.
, x,
, x
20 .
(x,) ,
= :
:
352
00
, 00,
x (x,0)
x > 0,
) 900,
O (0,) > 0,
900 x = 0.
) 1800,
x (x,0)
x < 0
:
00, 300, 450, 600, 900
353
13
A
2
354
12
() ()
.
1.
2.
= 2 + 2,
.
3.
= 1000
4.
5.
850 - 750 .
6.
1500 - 200
7.
2 300 = 600
8.
+ = 900 2 = 2
9.
450 1520 .
1.
( = 900) : = 20cm,
:
. 6 cm, . 3 cm, . 12 cm, . .
2.
. 0, . 2, . 2, . .
3.
: x + = 2. :
. x = 2,5 = -0,5, . x = 1 = 1, . x = 0,5
= 1,5 . .
4.
xO,
(x) > 0. :
. (1,3), . (-1,4), . (0,4) . (-2,5)
355
= 4cm.
. : 300, 600.
N (4,3),
(-2,0), (-3,4). xA, x, x.
() : 2x + 3 = 6
)
4.
) = x
(= 900). :
) < )
:
A = 170 + 350 - 730 - 550
= 3 + 5, = 4 - 2
) :
) : (900 - ) = 0,8
356
( = 900),
:
) + = +
) =
:
) 380 ,650
) 870, 100
) 250, 890
) 100, 300
2.2
1800.
(x,) .
(-x,).
xM, xM = ,
= xM = 1800 - , ,
, + = 1800 - + = 1800
= :
.
: 1800- :
(1800-) = , (1800- ) = -, (1800-) = -
: A 00 1800
.
00 1800 :
0 1, -1 1,
.
1
357
x :
:
) ( + ) = , ) ( + ) + = 0
N () ()
358
1.
( + ) =
2.
( + ) = 1
3.
4.
5.
: 500, 1890
1890
6.
1.
= 450 :
) = 450, ) = 1350, ) = 450 1350, ) .
2.
1350 :
3.
4.
00 x 1800 2x=
x :
0
0
) x = 45 , ) x = 135 , ) x = 450 x= 1350, ) x = 600
00 x 1800, x :
) 42x = 3, ) 22x = 1
13
12
359
360
N :
) (900 + x) = x
) (900 + x) = -x
) (900 + x) = -x
A 900 x 1800 x
x.
, :
) ( + ) = , ) ( + ) + = 0, ) ( + ) = -
A ( + ) = 0,
.
A 900 x 1800 x:
A 00 x 1800 62x = x + 1 x.
10
: ) (1500 + ) = (300 - ),
) (1500 -) = (30+) ) (1400 + ) = -(400 - ),
) (1700 - ) = -(100 + )
11
12
:
300, 1400, 100, 1200
13
2.3
.
:
) 2 + 2 = 1
)
:
)
1.
:
) 2550 + 21250 =1, ) 2210 + 2690 =1, ) 21400 - 21300 =0
361
2.
N () ()
362
1.
= 0 = 0.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1600 700 .
6.
7.
: 1350 +450 = 0
8.
: -1 1
9.
3 + 3 3
1.
x,
= 2(180 - x) + 2(90 - ) :
. 0, . 1, . 2, . .
2.
H = 3x + x 2x :
. 1, . x, . x, . x
3.
H 3x + 3 :
. 0, . 2, . 6, .
:
) 42 + 42 = 4 , ) 2x = 1-2x , ) 2x = 1-2x
, ) 2x - 2x = 1 - 22x .
)
2
N :
) (2 - 3)2 + (3 + 2)2 = 13
) 4 - 4 = 22 - 1
)
x=2, :
:
A = (1800 - x) x (1800 - x)
B = (900 - x) (1800 - x) x
363
2.4
.
:
:
.
. :
K
.
A :
O
.
, :
, .
364
:
2 = 2 + 2 - 2
2 = 2 + 2 - 2
2 = 2 + 2 - 2
.
.
: 2 = 2 + 2 (1). = - (1)
: 2 = 2 + (-)2 2 = 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 (2).
: 2 + 2 = 2
(2) : 2 = 2 + 2 - 2
.
, :
.
:
:
.
365
() ()
.
1.
A : = 3 = 3
2.
A : = 2 = 2
3.
= 600 : 2 = 2 + 2 -
4.
5.
6.
: = = .
7.
8.
O .
9.
.
.
366
: 2 > 2 + 2
1.
A :
,
:
. 3500, . 3500, . 20500 . .
2.
K= + :
. + , . , . , . .
3.
:
2 = 2 + 2 + , :
. 1200, . 600, . 300, . 1500
48 , = 8,
.
=600.
= ,
.
. :
) : = 8, = 8, = 8
) : = 5, = 4, = 3
:
) = + .
6
7
1.
, ( + + )( + -) = ,
:
) )
2.
x2 - 3x + - 1 = 0.
00 1800.
3.
00 900 : = 4 - 7
2 = 7 - 11 .
4.
R :
5.
367
10
10
) N :
00 900 900.
) ;
) T
.
20
) :
) : 2 = 2 + 2 +
30
) .
) :
40
) 00 1800 : = 4 - 7
2 = 7 - 11 .
)
368
20
10
) . .
) 00 1800
.
) :
i) A = 0,71 (900 - ) =
ii) A = -0,7 (1800 - ) =
iii) A = 5 (1800 - ) =
20
. :
) 1500 + 1650 + 750 - 600 = 0
) 890 + 910 - 210 = 0
.
= 600 : 2 = 2 + 2 - .
30
A 900 x 1800 x
x.
40
369
2.1
T 00 1800
1.
2.
3.
4.
)
-
1.
2.
3.
370
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.2
1.
)
2.
3.
371
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
372
6.
E
.
7.
=
= - = -.
: ) + - + = - + + = 0
) + = - + = 0
8.
9.
2.3
1.
)
2.
. : 2 + 2 = 1,
0+0=1 .
3.
) = 1 = 0
) = 0 = 1
4.
1.
5
: 2+2=1 : 2=1- 2 2=1- ( ) 2
13
12
144
25
2=
=
.
2= 113
169
169
5
12
1 3 5
= . =
= =
13
1 2 12
13
373
2.
3.
1
: 2+2=1 : 2=1-2 2=1-(- )2
3
8
8
1
8
2 =
=
=
.
2= 19
9
3
3
8
=
= 3 =- 8
1
3
3
3
3
=
= . : 2+2=1
4
4
4
3
9
2
2
2
( ) + =1
+2=1 92+162=16
16
4
16
4
2
2
=
.
25 =16 =
25
5
4
3 4
3
=
= , =
5
5
4 5
4.
374
, . : 2+2=1 :
4
16
9
3
2=1-2 2=1-( )2 2=1 2=
= .
5
25
25
5
4
3
4
= - , =
= 5 =.
3
5
3
1 4 2 3 1 4 4 6 2
5
= +
-
= - +
=0
3 5 3 5 10 3 15 15 15
5.
) 3 + 2 = (2 + 2) = 1 =
) 2 - 4 = 2(1 - 2) = 2 2
6.
) x + = 3 + 3 = 3 2 + 3 2 =
3(2 + 2) = 3
) x2 + 2 = (3)2 + (3)2 = 9 2 + 9 2 = 9(2 + 2) =9
7.
) 2 - 2 = 2 -(1 - 2) = 2 - 1 + 2 = 22 -1.
) 22 + 22 + 2 = 2(2 + 2) + 2
= 22 + 2 = 1
8.
) + )2 + (-)2 =
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 =
= 2 2 + 22 = 2(2 + 2) = 2 1 = 2.
) ( + )2 +(-)2 =
= 22 + 2 + 22 + 22 - 2 + 22=
(2 +2)2 +(2 + 2)2 = (2 +2)(2 + 2) = 2 +2 .
2 x
+2x=2x+2x=1
2 x
x+ x x+ x x+ x x ( x+ x)
)
=
=
=
= x
x
x+ x
1 + x
x+ x
1+
x
x
9.
) 2x2x+2x= 2x
10.
2 x 1 2 x (1 x)(1+ x)
=
=
= 1-x
1+ x 1+ x
1+ x
x
x
x x)(1+ x) + x? x
=
+
=
=
) x+
1 + x x 1 + x
x ( 1 + x)
x+ 2 x + 2 x
1
x+ 1
=
=
x ( 1 + x)
x ( 1+ x) x
700
1100
0
70
= 700-1100
1100
700
2 40 0
2400+ 2400= 2400+ 2400=1
240 0
3
3 1
2
0
0
2
0
0
2 1
+ 2x
=
13. x30 60 + x30 60 = x
2 2
2 2
3 2
3
3
3
x +
2x=
( 2x+ 2x)=
.
4
4
4
4
2
+1 2
) =1
) +(
+2
+2
(+1)2+2=(+2)2 2+2+1+2=2+4+4 2-2-3=0 =-1 =3
5
5
=-1 =0 , =-1 =1800 . =3 = =
4
3
.
2
2
14. + =1 : (
375
2.4
1.
2.
3.
)
4.
x2 = 2 + 2 - 2 750, 2 = 2 + x2 - 2x 600,
2 = 2 + x2 - 2x 450
5.
-
1.
376
2.
3.
4.
377
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
378
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
379
1.
2.
3.
4.
380
5.
6.
7.
381
8.
9.
6.406,4+2.871,9-5.042,5
382
4.235
=65.08m
10
1.1 .
.
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
, 0,
1
3
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) , 4. ) , 5. ) , 6. ) , 7. )
. : -4, 8, 16 , 0. : -4, 8, 3, 4 ,
2
3
1. : +3,
9 . : +3, -2,
9 . :
16 . :
5,
3
2
, 2,2 3 ,
5
3
: , 3 .
2. : 2 , (+1) . : 2+1 , 2+3 , 4+1 , 4+3 .
3. ) 38 , ) 5 , ) 0 , ) -2 . 4. =12 , =-48 , =-8+2 . 5. ) =
192
64
, = .
5
5
6. =++++2=2001+6=2007 . =+2+3++2=2007+6=2013.
2(1 2 3 ... 50) 2
7. ) =
=
, ) =4(50+49++1)-2(99+98+97++1)=
5(1 2 3 ... 50) 5
50 51
99 100
= 4
=10051-99100=100(51-99)=100(-48)=-4800
2
2
2
-(2- 3-2 -)-(-3 2- 2007)
8. =
=
-(- 2)-( 2)-(-3-2)
-2 -3 2- 3-2 -2007
=-2007 .
-2---2 3 2
100-3 3-2 4-5 15 3-6 89 10( ) 129
=
9. =
=
4
4
-4 2-12 4 4 10
10. x+=-2-8+2+4+4+7+2=5(+)=0 .
11. 3x-3x+3x-x++7-3=2(x-)+7=2(850,35+150,65)+2=2004.
12. =0 =1.
13. =-1, =3, =5 , =15. +++=22 .
.
.
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
385
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) , 4. ) , 5. ) , 6. ) , 7. ) , 8. ) , 9. ) , 10. )
.
A.
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) 4. ) 5. ) , 6. )
.
49
25
324
18
169
196
13
14
53
359
365
14
14
23
90
90
27
182
182
386
1. =12 , =3,5 , =7 .
4
3
2. . x-1 , B. x , . 2x3 , . x .
3
2
3. : (2+ 5 )2=9+4 5 .
4. A= 4 , B= 2 , =12 .
5. =2 , =12
6. =-2(2+ 5 ) , =-2(2- 5 ) , : AB=-4 , A-B=-4 5
2
,
2
7. i)
3
2
2
4 5
6
( 2 1) 3
,
,
, ,
,
2
2
2
5
4
3
2 2
, 4( 3 2 ) , 2 ( 2 3 )
2
8. i) A : ( 2 1) 2 =3-2 2 , ii) A :(1+ 5 )2=6+2 5
ii)
3
, ii) x=3 , iii) x=6 , x=0 . 10. = 63
2
2
11. =2+2 i) 2-2 ii) ++
9. i) x=
12. (4+ 5 )
4 5
=1 .
11
1
14. = 24= 2 2=48cm2 2=2+2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=96 = + =192 = 192 cm .
15. ) =3 , ) =
73
2
1.2
.
.
1
2
3
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) , 4. ) , 5. )
1.
2.
) , ) , ) , ) , )
x4
x
1
B
4
x,
5
1
2
3
- 3 -2
5
x62
x
6
1
2
0
8
1
x62
387
3.
4.
5.
: 6x2 , 6 , x2 , 2 .
: x3 , 1 , x3 , 3 .
x=3 : 632=54 .
: 33=27
) =3 : 5 , 3
, 8 . ) =2 =5x23 : x 2 ,
3 x, 5 . =-3 =-5x32 :
x 3 , 2 x, 5 .
) 4x42 , ) x34 , ) x79 . 6. ) =2 6 x , ) =8 6 x2 , =18x
.
1
2
1.
2.
3.
41 2
7 2
x , ) 0 , )
x , ) 3x2 , ) 5,9x
10
10
5
) -24x4 , ) -4x33 , ) 6x5 , ) -40x54 , ) - x33 , ) x36
2
3
3
3
16 3
1
) , )
, )
, ) - 2 , ) , ) -3
4
3
x
x5
) -2x3 , )
1.3-1.4 ,
10
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3)
1. ) , , . ) =-x3+x2-2x-1 , =0 , =
, E : .
3
) : 3 , :
5
388
3. ) =-4 , ) x=27
11
1.5
.
1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
13
14
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) , 4. ) , 5. ) , 6. ) , 7. ) , 8. ) , 9. ) , 10. ) , 11. )
4 4
16
x +16x2- x3 , )9x6-12x4+4x2 , ) 16x42+16x33+4x24
9
3
1
2
4
6 2
) 9x +12x +4x , ) 2 +2+2
1. ) 9x4+12x3+4x2 , )
389
7. : 2+2-2=(-)2 : (x)=(x3-1-x3-1)2=(-2)2=4
: 3+32+32+3=(+)3 : Q(x)=(x2+1+1-x2)3=23=8
8. ) 2+2=(+)2-2=32-2(-4)=9+8=17
) 3+3=(+)3-3(+)=33-3(-4)3=27+36=63
9. ) 2+2=(+)2-2=52-24=25-8=17
) 3+3=(+)3-3(+)=53-345=125-60=65
) 4+4=(2)2+(2)2=(2+2)2-222=172-242=257
10. : (++)2=2+2+2+2+2+2 :
2(++)=(++)2-2-2-2 : ) ++=-9
) 3(++)-2007=3(-9)-2007=-27-2007= -2034
11. ) : (+)2=2+2-2 : =-5
) : 3+3=(+)=(2+2-) : 3+3=186
1
1
1
=(x+ )2-2x =
x
x
x2
=22-2=2 . ) : 3+3=(+)3-3(+) :
1
1
1
1
x3+ 3 =( x+ )3-3x ( x+ )=23-32=2
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
) x4+ 4 =(x2)2+( 2 )2=(x2+ 2 )2-2x2 2 =22-2=2
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
2
2
2
13. ) : + =(-) +2 : x2+ 2 =(x- )2+2 x =
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
=22+2=6 . ) (x+ )2=x2+2 x + 2 =6+2=8 . ) ) (x+ )2=8
x
x x
x
1
1
1
1
x+ = 8 x+ =- 8 , x >0 >0 : x+ = 8
x
x
x
x
14. ) (-1)(+1)(2+1)(4+1)(8+1)=(2-1)(2+1)(4+1)(8+1)=(4-1)(4+1)(8+1)
=(8-1)(8+1)=16-1 . ) (++)2+(-)2+(-)2+(-)2=
=2+2+2+2+2+2+2-2+2+2-2+2+2-2+2=32+32+32
2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4
) (
) -(
)=
= 2
2
2
390
3+32+3+1=(+1)3=20083
19. ) (3+x)3 , ) [(+)+(-)]2=(2)2=42
20. ) =2 , ) 2+2=8 , ) 2-2= -4 3 .
1.6
.
1
2
. 1. ) , 2. )
391
x 2
)
5 4
11. ) (2x-3)(4x2+6x+92) , )(x-2)(x2+2x+42) , ) 2(3x+2)(9x2-6x+42)
) (3-1)(3+1) =(-1)(2++1)(+1)(2-+1) , ) 2x(2x+1)(4x2-2x+1)
12. ) =x3-5x2+6x=x(x-2)(x-3) , ) =0 x=0 x=2 x=3
1
1
13. ) x=10 x=-10 , ) x=0 x= x=- , ) x=0 x=1 , x=-5
4
4
) x=3 x=4 x=2 , ) x=1 x=-1 , ) x=2 x=-2
14. ) (+2-2)(+2+2) , ) -1
15. =(-2-4)(-2+4) , =(2--2)(2-+2) , =x2-4x-52=x2-4x+42-92
(x-2)2-(3)2=(x-5)(x+) , =32-4+1-2-2=42-4+1-2-2-2=
(2-1)2-(+)2=(3+-1)(--1)
16. =x4+44=x4+44+4x22-4x22=(x2+22)2-(2x)2=(x2+22-2x)( x2+22+2x)
=x4+4= x4+4+4x2-4x2=(x2+2)2-(2x)2=(x2+2-2x)(x2+2+2x)
=x4+9-7x2=x4+9-6x2-x2=(x2-3)2-x2=(x2-x-3)(x2+x-3)
= x4+4-3x22= x4+4-2x22-x22=(x2-2)-(x)2=(x2-2-x)(x2-2+x)
17. =x3-7x+6= x3-x-6x+6=x(x2-1)-6(x-1)=x(x-1)(x+1)-6(x-1)=(x-1)(x2+x-6)
=(x-1)(x-2)(x+3) . B= 2x3-5x+3=2x3-2x-3x+3=2x(x2-1)-3(x-1)=
=2x(x-1)(x+1)-3(x-1)=(x-1)(2x2+2x-3) . =x2-4x+3=x2-x-3x+3=
= x(x-1)-3(x-1)=(x-1)(x-3) . = x3+2x2-1= x3+x2+x2-1 = x2(x+1)+(x-1)(x+1)=
= (x+1)(x2+x-1)
18. ) x(x-1)(x2+x+1) , ) x(x-1)(x+1) , ) x(x-x+1) ,) x2(x+1-x-x)
19. ) (x-1)2 , ) (2-1)(-) ) (x-4)2
20. ) 2.007.000 , ) 990.000 , ) 999.997 , ) 159.999 , ) 1
1.7
.
1
2
392
. 1. ) , 2. ) , 3. ) , 4. ) , 5. )
1. ) x3-5x2+7x-2=(x-2)(x2-3x+1) , ) 5x2+16x+3=(x+2)(5x+6)-9 ,
) x3+x2-x-6= (x-3)(x2+4x+11)+27 , ) 2x4+4x3-5x+2=(x2-1)(2x2+4x+2)-x +4
) x6=(x-2)2(x4+4x3+12x2+32x+80+192x-320
2. i) ) (x)=3x2-3 , (x)=-4x+5 , ) (x)=x3-4x , (x)= -4x+5
ii) x=-2 x=-1 x=0 x=1 x=2
3. )x5+1=(x+1)(x4-x3+x2-x+1), x=10, 105+1=11(104-103+102-10+1)=. 11
) x5-1=(x-1)(x4+x3+x2+x+1), x=20 , 205-1=19(204+203+202+20+1)=. 19
4. ) )
2x3-7x2+11x-4 = (x2-3x+4)(2x-1)
3 9
9
, ) ) 2x3-7x2+6=(2x-1)(x2-3x++2) +
5. ) 2x3-7x2+6=(2x-1)(x2-3x- ) 2 2
2
3
3
2 3
2
2x -7x + =(2x-1)(x -3x+ )
2
2
6. (x)=(x2-3x-2)(x2-2x)+3x+2 , (-2)=60
7. (x)=(3x3-2x-1)(x)+3x-1 , (1)=2
8. (x): (x2+1) (x)=(-1)x+1- ,
(x)=0 , -1=0 1-=0 =1 =1
9. ) x=1 , Q(1)=-4 2++2+++-2=-4 (+1)2+ (+1)2=0 ==-1
) =-1 =-1 , Q(x)=-2x-2 1
) (x)=Q(-2x-2)=-2(-2x-2)=4x+4 1
1. ) 2 , ) 3 , ) 1
2.
2x
18x
18x
3x(x-2)
18x(x-2)
9(x-1)2
18x(x-1)2
x2-4
2x(x2-4)
3x(x2-4)
9(x-1)2(x2-4)
3x2(x2-1)
6x2(x2-1)
3x2(x2-1)(x-2)
9x2(x-1)2(x+1)
3. ) 2 , ) 4 , ) 1 , ) 3x
393
4.
3x(x-1)3
4x2
x5
9x(x2-1)
3x(x-1)
6x(x-1)3
3x(x-1)3
2x
x4(x-1)5
x(x-1)3
x2
x4
1.9
1. ) x2 , ) x-1 , ) x-1 x1 , ) x , ) x-1 x 1
) x0 x1 .
3
-
2
3x
x 1
, ) 2 , )
, )
, ) 2
3x
x
1
x
x 1
x
6
x
x-3
-5
4. )
, )
, )
, )
3x-1
x-3
2
2x 2
x-3
x
x(x 1)
, ) 2+3+9 , ) 1
5. )
, )
, )
, )
x2
x-4
x-1
-
3. )
6. =
394
( 2 2 )
1
, = 1 , =1 . 7. = 2
, =(-)2
2
x
1.10
1
.
3
2(2x 1)
1
x-3
2. ) 4(x-4) , )
, ) , )
5
2
x-2
1. )-1 , )+2 , )
3. )
(x 2 x 1)(x-2)
(x 2)(x-1)
2( 2 2 )
2x 2 x-5
(2x 1)(x 2 2x 4)
, )
, )
2
2
2
(x 1)(x 2)
(x 2)(x 1)(x 2 x 1)
1. -2007 .
2. ) x=0 02+0+1=0 1=0 , x0 . )
x3-1=(x-1)(x2+x+1) : x3-1=(x-1)0 x3-1=0 x3=1
) x2005(1+x+x2)= x20050=0 .
3. ) =(x-6)(x+2)=x2+2x-6x-12=x2-4x-12=
=x(x-4)-12=A-12 . ) +36=(-12)+36 = 2-12+36=(-6)2=[x(x-4)-12]2
) x(x-6)(x-4)(x+2)+36= +36==[x(x-4)-12]2
4. ) : x2-1=0 2-2x=0 x2-x=0 x=1
) : x3+3x2+3x= : (+2)+1=0 (+1)2=0 =-1
x3+3x2+3x=-1 (x+1)3=0 x=-1
5. =10 +=14 (+)2=196 2+2+2=196 2+2=196
100+2=196 =48 =24cm2
6. 1
1 : (x-1)2+(-1)2=0
(x-1)4+(-1)2=0 . : x=1 =1 .
4
7. ) P(0)+P(-1)+P(1)+P(-x)=x -1-3+1-2x-1=x x=3
1
2
) P( )-2P( )=3- 0-2(-1)=3- =
2
2
2
2
5
2 2
1
1
8. 2-2=(-)(+)=
(x+ -x ) ( x+ +x- )= 2x=2
4 x
2
x
x 2
2
2
1
395
11. ) x+
1
=1 x2+1=x x2-x+1=0 . ) x3+1=(x+1)(x2-x+1)
x
1
x
2004
1
=1 . x2001+x-2004=-1+1=0
(
1)(
1)
x
x
12. ) 2-(+1)(-1)=2-(2-1)=1 . ) =6,78695 ) :
6,786952-7,786955,78695 =1
3
5
9 10
9
20 29
13. ) 2+2=(+)2-2=(- )2-2(- )=
+ =
+
=
14
98 196 98 196 196 196
) 42-4+1+1+42-4+28(+)=4(2+2)-4(+)+2+28(+)=
29
3
3
145
= 4
-4(- )+2+28(- )=196
14
14
49
=
2001
14. = 20072+4015=20072+22007+1=(2007+1)2=20082
10 K
1
) , ) , ) V =(x+2)3=x3+6x2+12x+8=P(x)
) (+)2=2+2 2+2+2=2+2 2=0 =0 =0
2
) 2x2+7x+3: (2x+1) x+3
. ) i) -=2 (-)2=4 2-2+2=4 20-2=4 =8 .
ii) 3-3=(-)(2++2)=2(20+8)=56 . ) i) x3(-)-27(-)=(-)(x-3)(x2+3x+9)
ii) (3x-2+3)2+2(3x-2+3)+1=(3x-2+4)2 , ) 3x2+5x+3=x2+(-2)x+-+
=3 , =11 =11.
3
25
, ) -=-1 , =(+)2-4+(-)2007=2+2+2-4+(-)2007=
6(-1)( 1)
=(-)2+(-)2007=(-1)2+(-1)2007=1-1=0 . ) =10
( )-( )
0 +2--2=0 (-)+(-)(+)=0
)
=0
( )( )
(-)(++)=0 =
3(1 2 3 ... 100) 3
3x(1 2 3 ... 100) 3
, ii)
=
) i)
2(1 2 3 ... 100) 2
2x(1 2 ... 100)
2
20 K
396
1
) , ) , ) i) (x-2)2=x2-4x+4 , ii) (-5)2=2+25-10
) P( 2 1)
2
) (3+ 5 )2=14+6 5 . ) =x4-x2=x2(x2-1)=x2(x-1)(x+1) . B=x3+2x2-x-2=
=x2(x+2)-(x+2)=(x+2)(x2-1)=(x+2)(x-1)(x+1) . A-B=(x-1)(x+1)(x+1)(x-2)
) i) : =2 . : 2+7=
(2)2+72=42+14=2(22+7) . : =2+1
. : 2+7=(2+1)2+7(2+1)=42+4+1+14+7=
= 42+18+8= 2(22+9+4) .
ii) =2+1 =2+1 , . : 2-2+1=
(-)(+)+1= (2-2)(2+1+2+1)+1=2(-)(2+2+2)+1
3
) P(x)=(3+x)(3-x)=9-x2 , ) 0x<3 , ) x20 x20 9-x29 9
) x=0
4
) P(x)=(x)(x2-x)+3x+1 , P(0)=1 , P(1)=4
) 1 .
20
2.1 H x+=0
.
1
2 3 4 5 6
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
. 1. , 2 . , 3. . , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. . , 11.
1. . 1 2 , x=32007
4
31
. 2. ) ( x=4 ) ) x=
, ) x=13
8
1
3. ) x=0 , ) , ) , ) x=1 , ) x=41
4. ) x=1 , ) x=0 , ) x=2 . 5. ) x=4 , ) x=3 , ) x=5 , ) x=7 , ) x=-1 .
52
x 5
31
-4x-12 , )x=- , )x=-1
6. ) x=10 , ) x=7 , ) x= . 7. A=7. 8. A(x+3)=
9
3
11
9. x=1 . 10.) x=1 , ) =3 , =3
397
1. 32 . 2. 35 . 3. 11.
4. : o 563 140. 5. 1200 . 6. 36 .
2.2
.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. .
3
4
x= , ) x=1 x=-5 , ) x=25 , ) x=1 x=4 , ) x=1 x= 2
2
5
1
1
1
9. ) <
, ) =
, ) >
. 10. =-2 =-5 . 11. =-1 . 12. =5 , =15
12
12
12
9
3
13. =2 . 14. 1 2 . 15 . x= x= . 16. A =0 x=0 . A =9
2
2
8. ) x=
398
2 3
3
1
1
1
17. ) 6(x- )(x+ ) , )(x+1)(x-2) , ) 2(x-1)(x+ ) , ) (2x-1)2
2
3
2
1
1
) (x 3) 2 ) , ) 3(x-1)(x- )
3
3
2
3(x )
3 , B= x(x-2) , = x 7
18. A=
1
1
x2
2(x )
2(x )
2
2
19. ) 5 , ) >5 , ) =5 . 20. ) x(x-1)(x-5) , ) x2(x+1)(x-6)
x=6 x=3 .
(-1)
, ) 31
2
3. 5cm , 3 cm . 4. ) 5 , ) 7 . 5. : 4cm 6 cm.
6. : 10cm 11cm. 7. 50 40.
8. t=2 sec . 9. x=7cm . 10. P(x)=x2-20x-300 , x=30.
11. ) =-4 , ) t=0 t=1 t=4
12. x=6 .
1. x=4 ,
2. ) 15 , ) 45 , 190 ,
2.4
.
1
2
. 1. , 2. , 3. 1
2.5 A
A.
1 2 3 4 5
10 11 12
13 14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 23 24 25 26
399
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5.
3 4x 3 4x
>
, 3.
-5
-5
<1<
, )
<
1 . 5. ) -1<x<0 , ) 3<-3<6 ,
1
4. )
1. ) =14 , ) =5 , ) x=1 , 2. ) 1. =0 . 2. 0
-5
x=
, ) =-1 , =-5 , 3.
) : x-1 , B: x1 , : x1 , ) x=
3
23
5
dx<
) , ) x=1 , x=2 .
7
2
4
) 1=2+1 , 2=2-1 , ) 0< 1
400
7
17
20 K
1
. ) , ) , )
1
. ) , ) x2-8x+7=(x-1)(x-7) , 3x2-4x+1=3(x-1)(x- )
3
2
1 x 7
2 3x-1 11
) 112x+329 , ) -332x-5-7 , ) , )
7 3
11 2-3 3
3
) =1 , ) x=1 x=3
4
3
) x=- , ) 15
2
30
3.1 .
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. .
1.
401
2. ) =2
) =2 2x+=5
402
3.2
.
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4.
1. )
(1,1), (x,)=(1,1)
)
2. )
403
3.3
.
1
2
3
4
. 1. , 2. , . , 4.
404
10 7
1
3
, ) , ) = x+
6 6
4
4
9. ) (,) =(1,2)
8. ) (
10. 20 30
17 19
67
7
11. ) (,)=( ,) , ) =12x- , 12. (,)=( ,3)
13 13
13
3
4
28
13. H : =- x+
, ) =0 (7,0)
5
5
14. () () : (x,) =(1,1) () .
15. (,)=(30,-2) , =60x-4
405
1
3
3
. ) =- x+ , ) (3,0) , (0, ) . . ) (,)=(4,-2) , ) ) (x,)=(1,1)
2
2
2
3
. ) 25 15 , ) (,)=(5,1) , . (x,)=(3,2)
1
) =1 , ) ( ,0)
4
20 K
1
) , ) , ) (0,0)
2
. ) (x,) =(
2 9 6 6
76
) , ) =,
, . ) (x,)=(1,1) ,) =-x+2
11
11
21
3
. ) (,)=(4,1) , ) , . 40 60
4
) (,)=(5,-19) , ) (-
406
4
2
,0) , (0, )
15
19
40
4.1 =x2 0
.
1
2
3
4
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
1. )
407
2. )
408
3. =2 , =-4x2 , 4. >
7. <-
1
2
1
4
2
, 5. ) = , ) = , 6. ) =-1 , =4 , ) =6x2
7
3
9
4.2 =x2+x+ , 0
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6.
10
11
1. )
409
410
2. ) =6 , ) =3 , 3. ) =1 >0 , ) =1 =2
) =1 , 4. =1 , 5. ) =5 , ) =4 , 6. =8 , =-10 , 7. ) 5 , 5 , ) 5 , 5 .
8. =
1
65
, 9. , 10. ) =- 2-2 , ) =-4 , 11. x=20
8
4
4
1. ) =1>0 , =-2 .
5
10
, 4. x=5 , =15 ,
) =0 , 2. =2 =3 , 3. x= , =
4
4
5. : 3-6>0 >2. >2 <-2 1-<-1<0 .
6. ) =5 , ) =-2x+4 , 7. x=6 .
10 K
1
) , ) , )
2
) =3 , ) =-3x2
3
1
1
, ) =
4
8
411
20 K
1
) , ) ) , ) , ) =0 , =4 , 0
2
) =0 , ) =2
3
=-3 , =0 , =0
4
1
) +=30- , ) = (30-) , )
2
50
5.1
.
1
2
3
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4.
5.2 -
.
1
2
3
4
. 1. , 2. , 3.
412
10
(1,2)
(1,3)
(1,4)
(1,5)
(1,6)
(2,1)
(2,2)
(2,3)
(2,4)
(2,5)
(2,6)
(3,1)
(3,2)
(3,3)
(3,4)
(3,5)
(3,6)
(4,1)
(4,2)
(4,3)
(4,4)
(4,5)
(4,6)
(5,1)
(5,1)
(5,2)
(5,3)
(5,4)
(5,5)
(6,1)
(6,2)
(6,3)
(6,4)
(6,5)
(6,6)
) ={(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)} , ={(1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(6,1)}
) ={(1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)} , ={(6,1)}
4. ) ={,,,,,,,}
) ={,,,,,,}
={,,,,,,}
= {,}
5. ) ={0,2,3,4,6,9} , ) ={0,6} , ) ( )/={1,5,7,8}
6. ) ={,,,,,} , ) ={,,,} , ={ ,}
5.3
.
1
2
3
4
10
11
12
413
. 1. , 2.
414
20 K
1
) , ) , )
2
1
) , ) ={1,2,3,4,5,6} , /={3,5} , /={1,2,6}
6
3
60
4
) 24 , ) 4 16 .
1.1
.
1 2 3 4 5 6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7.
1. ) , ) = , =
2. ) , ,
3. ) , , ) , ,
) , .
4. ) , , ) , .
) , ) , )
5.) , /// , ) , ///
6. A () , A () , .
7. ) , , ) , .
415
8. ) , , ) ) = , ) A
A ,
9. ) , ) )
10. ) , , ) ,
) ) , )
11. ) , , ) ,
, ) ) .
12. ) ,
) ) , , ) )
13. )
.
) , , ) )
14. , .
15. ) , , ) )
1.2
1
2
3
4
10
11
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. .
1. )
A
416
1
,
6 *'
7 ,
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9
2
2. )
AM
A
, )
6 3
3. )
, )
2
1
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, )
2
6
6 3
3
3
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= 3
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2
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AB
(1) .
5. ) =
2
AB
(2) . (1)
, =
2
(2) =
A
) =
2
B
) , =
2
4
3
1
6. )
, )
)
3
2
%* 5
%*
7. =
=10cm . T
2
AM
=5cm .
=
2
A
8. : =
2
// (1)
A
: =
2
//(2)
(1) (2) = // , .
1.3
,
1
2
. 1. , 2. , 3.
1. ) () // // ()// .
) , , .
.
417
2. ) A , A // .
%.
) //
.'
3. ) , // :
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*=
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4. , // :
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= ,
=* .0 3
1
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8
4
4
AE AK 1
1
1
=
=
:
=
=3cm
:
EB KM 3
4
12 4
5. , // :
, //
x 5 2x
=
x=1
12
4
x 1
= =1
:
12
2x 4
12 6
6. // :
0$
(1) ,
$1
)
L // :
) (1) (2)
0$
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1.4
1
2
3
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418
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) //=//=//=
3
2
3.
419
4.
/=
1
1
5
1
3
=2 , /= =
, //= =
2
2
2
2
2
1.5
.
1
2
3
4
420
. 1. 20 , 2. , 3. , 4.
10
11
12
13
15
35
5
A
1. ) x=
, x=
, x= , 2.)
2
3
2
2. ) B = , (
3. )
' = 90 , B
4. ) K
= 90 , B .
' = 90 , .
, ) =16
90 , A .
$( 1
=
: //
$* 4
$%
%*
*(
%=
$'
.0
$'
0/
'%
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$(
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%'
.%
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5. ) AB = '(* , = '*(
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) '$*
6. A
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$(* .
7. , /// :
8. ) .$'
9. ) K
'(%
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1.6
.
1
2
3
. 1. , 2. , 3.
100 2
1. ()=
cm , 2. 51% , 3. 21% , 4. 20cm , 5. x=2
9
1. ) % * , (
' =90,
(. %(
, ) ()=4cm2
.' '*
421
(1 2 1 2
12
40 2
12 40
= =( )
=(
)
=
2=67,5 cm2
(2
(2
( 2 225
2
15
(
8
3. ) , ) 1 =( )2=4 ,
(2
4
4. // . , //
B
5. , =
// (1) .
2
B
, , , =
2
// (2) . (1) (2) // = ,
.
2.
6. ) '(2 , $%'
10 K
1
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2
) (--) , ) , .
3
) BAE
4
()=
ZA , (
= =90,
%(
*=
$(
$=
, ) 1cm2
100
cm2
9
20 K
1
) , ) , )
2
A $(
)
$*
1
4
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$%* , $ , ) =16cm
422
) '(2 , $%'
) ) ) (//)
*=
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4
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2.1 0180
.
1
2
3
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4.
1
3
3
3
1
1. 30= , 30=
, 30=
, 60=
, 60= , 60= 3
2
2
3
2
2
3
4
2. XOA = , XOB =-1 , XO =5
3
4
3
4
3. (-3,4) XOM = , XOM =- , XOM =5
5
5
4. ) = , = , > < , <
5. = 17+35-73-55=0
56 50
34 40
-4=
+
-4=-2
=
34
40
34 40
6. 5A 8 , 2 d B6
7. ) 3 4 .
) 8 10
8. ) +=
= =+
423
) =
2.2
.
1
2
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
3
3
1
, 120=- , 135=2
2
2
2. ) x=60o , ) x=45o x=135o
1. 120=
601
12 2 601
5 601
5
24
3. A=5 , = , =
, =
, =
, =
2
601
601
2
5
12 2 601
5 601
24
=
, =, =601
601
5
4. ) (90+x)=(180-(90-x))=(90-x)=x
) (90+x)=(180-(90-x))=-(90-x)=-x
5. x=120o ,
6. ) +, : (+)=
) + , (+)=-
(+)+=0 , ) +, :
(+)=- .
7. (+)=0 B *
90 , $ =90,
8. ) x=150o, ) x=150o.
9. x=150o
10. ) (150+)=(180-(30-))=(30-) , ) , ) , ) ) .
424
11. ) 150+165+75-60=30-15+15-30=0
) 89+91-21=1+89-21=1+1-21=0
12. 120<30<140<10
13. ) =30 , ) =30
2.3
.
1
2
3
. 1. , 2. , 3.
1 2
2 2 2 ( ) 2
=
=+
1
2
=
2 ,
2
2 2
1
2
2
2 - 2
1
2
-1 2
2
)
=
=
=2-2 ,
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
4
4
4. x= , x=- ,
5
3
5
12
5. x=, x=, A=10 , 6. =-3 , 7. =-2x , B=-xx,
12
13
3. )
1
=
1 2
425
2.4 N
.
1
2
3
. 1. , 2. , 3 .
1. % =90 , * =30 , =4
2. ) : 2=2+2-260=2+2-
) : 2=2+2-2120= 2+2+
3. =
2 2 2
2 2 2
=
22=22 =
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+
=
=
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
6. % =120 , * =30 , =1
7. A :
45=30(12-)
30
2 1
= (12-)
2 2
12
45
2 =12- =
12
2 1
1
: -2= =- , . * >90, ) * =120
2
2. =9-4(-1)=9-4+4=13-4>0 .
5
12
3. : 01 -1 d 21
4
7
4. =0 =-4
426
5. ) xx=-
12
5
12
, )
, ) 25
12
25
10 K
1
) , ) , ) .
2
) =-
5
12
5
, =, ) =
13
5
13
4
5
12
4
4
)
, ) x= , ) x=4
7
5
3
20 K
1
) ,
4 1 5
) : 2+2= + = z 1
9 9 9
) i) (90-)=0,71 , ii) (180-)=0,7 iii) (180-)=-5
2
. ) 150=30=60 , 165=-15=-75
) 89=1 , 91=89=1
. 2=2+2-260=2+2-
3
x=15o
4
) xx=-
12
5
12
, )
, ) 25
12
15
427