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Attachment Purposes
Attachment Purposes
Attachment Purposes
Attachment
Due to becoming upright, humans are born early An equivalent primate would have a 21 month pregnancy (Bergman 1997) Human infants are totally dependant on adults to care for them Attachment has biological purposes, of survival and nurture
Attachment
Healthy mothers brains release oxytocin and opiates during pregnancy that prepare them to fall in love with their babies Pregnancy affects outcome: mothers with high cortisol in 2nd & 3rd trimester had babies with same profile (Johnston 2000) Babies given skin to skin contact to mother find breast in 1st hour after birth, and grow to be more healthy (Bergman 2002) 2 6 months of age is optimal period to activate calm v alarm mechanism (Trevarthen 2006) Still faces of mothers upset babies (Stern 1990)
Attachment types
Categories defined by Ainsworth & Main (1979, 1981) Secure (parent is secure, seeks help) Insecure avoidant (parent inhibited) Insecure ambivalent (parent enmeshed) Disorganised (parent is frightening)