1

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut

MC LC
Chng I: Tng quan v truyn ng in ........................................3
1.Khi nim chung v truyn ng: ................................................................. 3
1.1. nh ngha: ................................................................................................ 3
1.2. Phn loi: ................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Truyn ng c kh: ...................................................................3
1.2.2. Truyn ng thy lc: ..........................................................3
1.2.3. Truyn ng kh p: ..............................................................4
1.3. Truyn ng in: ...................................................................................... 4
1.3.1. nh ngha,u khuyt im: ................................................4
1.3.1.1. nh ngha: .......................................................................................... 4
1.3.1.2 .u,khuyt im: ................................................................................... 5
1.3.2. Phn loi: ..............................................................................6
1.3.2.1. Truyn ng in 1 chiu: ................................................................... 6
1.3.2.2. Truyn ng in hn hp: ................................................................. 7
1.3.3.3. Truyn ng in xoay chiu: ............................................................. 8
1.4.Cc loi u my s dng truyn ng in: ............................................ 9
Chng II ...........................................................................................13
Cu to v cc cm chi tit chnh trong
h thng truyn ng in .................................................................13
2.1. c im cu to ca cc trang b in trong h thng truyn ng
in trn u my. ........................................................................................... 13
2.2. Cc thnh phn ch yu ca cc trang thit b in. ............................ 13
2.2.a.My pht in ko. ...............................................................16
2.2.a.1. My pht in ko 1 chiu ................................................................. 18
2.2.a.1.1. Cu to ca my in 1 chiu (hinh 2-3). ..................................... 18
2.2.a.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca my in 1 chiu. ..................................... 20
2.2.a.2. My pht in ko xoay chiu. .......................................................... 21
2.2.a.2.1. Nguyn l lm vic ( hinh 2-7). ...................................................... 21
2.2.b. ng c in ko ................................................................31
2

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
2.2.b.1. Phm vi ng dng v c im ......................................................... 31
2.2.b.2. Phng php phn loi ..................................................................... 31
2.2.b.3. iu kin vn hnh ............................................................................ 35
2.2.b.4. S kt cu ca CK thng dng .............................................. 36
2.2.c. T my pht in ph .........................................................37
2.2.d. B bin i in dng trn u my Diezel .......................41
2.2.e. Cc thit b bo v trn u my ........................................43
2.2.f. Thit b chng quay trt bnh xe u my ......................44
2.2.f.1. Cng dng thc t .............................................................................. 44
2.2.f.2. c im kt cu ................................................................................. 45
2.2.g.Thit b chng qu ti v qu p . .......................................45
CHNG III: ....................................................................................47
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch iu khin my pht v mch np
c quy u my D19E .......................................................................47
3.1. Tng quan u my diesel D19E. ........................................................... 48
3.2. Mch iu khin my pht in chnh. .................................................. 51
3.2.1. Chy tin. .............................................................................52
3.2.2. Chy li. ..............................................................................52
3.3. Mch iu khin my pht in ph. ..................................................... 53
3.3.1. Ch pht in bnh thng. ..........................................53
3.3.2. Ch pht in c nh ca my pht khi ng. .........54
3.4. Mch np c quy. ..................................................................................... 55











3

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Chng I: Tng quan v truyn ng in
1.Khi nim chung v truyn ng:
1.1. nh ngha:
Truyn ng l truyn cng sut v chuyn ng t ni ny n ni khc nh
cc loi truyn ng nh truyn ng c kh,thy lc,kh p,in
1.2. Phn loi:
Truyn ng c th chia ra lm bn loi chnh nh sau:
1.2.1. Truyn ng c kh:
-nh ngha:
L truyn ng trong cng sut v chuyn ng c truyn i t ni ny
n ni khc nh cc b phn c kh (bnh rng-bnh rng,trc vt-bnh
vt,ai,xch)
-Phn loi:
C th chia truyn ng c kh ra thnh cc loi:
+ Truyn ng bnh rng.
+ Truyn ng xch.
+ Truyn ng trc vt-bnh vt.
+ Truyn ng ai.
+ Truyn bnh ma st.
1.2.2. Truyn ng thy lc:
-nh ngha:
L truyn ng trong cng sut v chuyn ng c truyn i t ni ny
n ni khc nh chuyn ng ca dng du.
-Phn loi:
C th chia truyn ng thy lc ra lm 2 loi:
+ Truyn ng thy lc ng.
+ Truyn ng thy lc tnh.
1.2.3. Truyn ng kh p:
-nh ngha:
Truyn ng kh p l truyn ng m cng sut v chuyn ng c truyn i
t ni ny n ni khc nh th nng ca dng kh.C th l khng kh c
nn ti p sut cao c dn ln ti mt v tr cao i khin cc truyn ng.
4

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
-Nhim v v yu cu ca h thng truyn ng:
+ Nhim v:
- Tham gia vo qu trnh truyn ng,truyn cng sut momen ca ng c
ti trc v t trc ti bnh xe.
- Thc hin cc qu trnh chuyn i cp tc , tng hay gim tc .
+ Yu cu:
- Thc hin cc qu trnh thay i hng chuyn ng tin hay li.
- C kh nng ngt hay ni qu trnh truyn ng t ng c ti trc bnh xe.
- C kh nng khi ng m du.
- C kh nng thay i cc thng s truyn ng.
- Pht huy ti a cng sut ca ng c,cc ch ph ti ph hp vi chi ph
nhin liu nh nht.
- Thay i mt cch t ng sc ko ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti
cho ph hp vi tng ch ph ti thch hp.
- iu khin t ng,iu chnh ch lm vic ti u ca h thng truyn
ng.
-S dng n gin,thun tin trong thao tc,kch thc nh gn, bn tin
cy cao.
1.3. Truyn ng in:
1.3.1. nh ngha,u khuyt im:
1.3.1.1 nh ngha:
Truyn ng in l dng truyn ng trong cng sut ca truyn ng c
truyn t ni ny n ni khc nh nng lng ca dng in.
V d: Trn cc loi u my th ng c diesel ko trong my pht in chnh
quay sau dng in c dn n cc ng c lp trn trc ca bnh xe v
lm cho cc ng c quay.
S :


ng c Diesel My pht in chnh ng c in ko

Hnh 1.2.1: S nguyn l hot ng ca truyn ng in.
5

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
1.3.1.2 u,khuyt im:
- u im:
- C ng c tnh sc ko ging nh ng c tnh sc ko l tng nn
c kh nng pht huy ht cng sut ca ng c diesel,sut tiu hao nhin liu
l nh nht.


F
K
F
K
F
K









V V V
Truyn ng c kh Truyn ng thy lc Truyn ng in



Hnh 1.2.2: S ng c tnh sc ko ca cc loi truyn ng.


- C kh nng truyn c cng sut ln,hiu sut chuyn ng tng i
cao c th t 80%.
- C kh nng qu ti,c th t ng bo v qua ti m bo cho cc phng
tin giao thng vn ti c kh nng pht huy ht cng sut v t c hiu
sut cao.
- So vi truyn ng thy lc th truyn ng in tit kim c t 10%-
14% lng nhin liu.
- C kh nng t ng ha cao,n gin ha qu trnh iu khin,d dng
ghp ni u my t c cng sut cn thit khi cn phi tng sc ko
ca on tu.
- C kh nng lp ln nn gim gi thnh trong qu trnh bo dng sa
cha.
6

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- C kh nng iu chnh tc cao,t hng hc,gim thi gian bo dng
sa cha.
- Khuyt im:
- Kch thc,trng lng tnh theo cng sut tng i ln:
q= Kg/Kw
-C kt cu phc tp.
-Gi thnh ch to tng i cao,s dng nhiu kim loi mu.
1.3.2. Phn loi:
C 3 loi truyn ng in chnh:
- Truyn ng in mt chiu.
- Truyn ng in xoay chiu.
- Truyn ng in hn hp.
1.3.2.1.Truyn ng in 1 chiu:
- nh ngha:
L loi truyn ng m c my pht in ko v ng c in ko u l my
in 1 chiu.S truyn ng:








Hnh 1.2.3.1: S b truyn ng in mt chiu.
7

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- Cu to:
Cc b phn chnh:
Z : ng c diesel.
F : My pht in ko 1 chiu.
: ng c in ko.
BR : Bnh rng ch ng np trn u .
BX : Bnh rng b ng lp trn trc bnh xe.
- Nguyn l hot ng:
Khng cp dng kch t cho my pht in chnh,khi ng ng c diesel
trng thi khng ti.Sau khi khi ng ng c diesel cp dng kch t cho my
pht in ko nh khp ni 2 roto my pht in ko c dn ng nh trc
khuu ca ng c diesel.My pht in ko pht ra dng in mt chiu cp
cho ng c in ko.ng c in ko lm vic thng qua hp gim tc trc
dn ng trc bnh xe ca u my lm cho u my chuyn ng.
- Qu trnh bin i nng lng l:
C nng ca ng c in ko => in nng ca my pht in chnh => c
nng ca bnh xe.
1.3.2.2 Truyn ng in hn hp:
- nh ngha:
L loi truyn ng m my pht in ko l my in xoay chiu,ng c
in ko l my in 1 chiu.
-Cu to:
Cc b phn chnh:
F
B
: My pht in ko xoay chiu ng b 3 pha.
I
KT
: Dng kch t.
I~ : Dng in xoay chiu.
I : Dng in mt chiu.
- Nguyn l lm vic ging truyn ng in mt chiu:
-Qu trnh bin i nng lng:
C nng ca ng c diesel => in nng ca my pht in ko xoay chiu
=> in nng ca my in 1 chiu nh b chnh lu.


8

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut





Hnh 1.2.3.2: S truyn ng in hn hp.
1.3.3.3. Truyn ng in xoay chiu:
- nh ngha:
L loi truyn ng m my pht in chnh v ng c in ko u l my
in xoay chiu.
-Cu to:
Cc b phn chnh:gn ging truyn ng in hn hp.C thm:
BT : My bin tn.
J : ng c in xoay chiu d b.
- Nguyn l lm vic: Tng t my truyn ng in mt chiu.
- Qu trnh bin i nng lng:
C nng ca ng c diesel => in nng ca my pht in ko xoay chiu
=> in nng ca my in 1 chiu nh b chnh lu => in nng xoay chiu 3
pha => c nng ca ng c in ko.








9

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut


Hnh 1.2.3.3: S truyn ng in xoay chiu.
1.4.Cc loi u my s dng truyn ng in:
Hin nay c nhng loi u my s dng truyn ng in nh loi D9E;
D12E; D19E .. Nhng loi ny l loi u my diesel truyn ng c s
dng nc ta.
-D9E-2XX:
c sn xut M,cng sut ng c 900CV(vit tt bi s 9 trong cm t
D9E),2XX l s hiu,c th l 236,218,chng c a vo s dng
sm.Loi ny rt bn,cng sut ln,hin nay dng ko nhng on tu a
phng.

Hnh 1.3.1: u my D9E-219

-D10E-2XX:
10

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
y l loi D9E c ci to tng cng sut ng c ln 1000CV.L loi
u my c ci tin t u my D9E nn c im khng khc g so vi u
my D9E.


Hnh 1.3.2: u my D10E-250

-D12E- 6XX:
u my c sn xut ti Tip Khc c,c cng sut ng c l 1200 CV,l
loi u my diesel c nhp ln th 6 trong cc ln SVN nhp khu u
my v s dng.
11

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut

Hnh 1.3.3: u my 12E-628
-D18E-6XX:
Sn xut ti B,cng sut 1800 CV,nhp v cng lc vi D12E.


Hnh 1.3.4: u my D18E-615
-D19E-9XX:
c sn xut ti T Dng-Trung Quc,cng sut 1900 CV.u my c
nhp t nm 2002,hin Vit Nam c khong 60 u my D19E do cc x nghip
12

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
u my trn c nc qun l:x nghip u my H Ni,Si Gn.u my
D19E l loi u my diesel truyn ng in,dng ko tu hng v tu
khch.u my lp loi ng c Carterpillar 3521B ca M,my pht in
chnh v my pht in ph loi JF221 v ng c in ko loi ZD310.B
phn chy l gi chuyn hng 3 trc loi 13 tn/trc.Trn u my thit k loi
h thng iu khin bng vi tnh,h thng khng ch cp in on tu,h thng
n nhn tn hiu t ng,h thng cp gi hai ng v b phn hm in tr.


Hnh 1.3.5 : u my D19E-943








13

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Chng II
Cu to v cc cm chi tit chnh trong
h thng truyn ng in

2.1. c im cu to ca cc trang b in trong h thng truyn ng in
trn u my.
Cc trang thit b in trn u my diezel T
th-ng c c im sau:
- Kch th-c phi nh gn , v nh- th mi m bo
lp t -c trong khng gian hn ch ca u
my(nht l m bo khng gian lp t b phn
chy).
- Trng l-ng hn ch ,v nu trng l-ng ca cc
thit b ln s lm tng trng l-ng trc ca u
my.
- bn c gii v in t u phi cao, tc ng
phi nhanh nhy, t b h- hng (s c), chu ng
-c lc xung kch, va p v ph ti v in bin
ng ln (iu kin vn hnh khc nghit).
- Kt cu phi cn i, n nh trong qu trnh
vn dng .
- C tnh thng dng v lp ln cao, thun tin
cho vic gia cng lp rp, bo d-ng v sa cha .
Ngoi ra cn c tnh cht ng b, hon chnh,
hin i theo yu cu ca s pht trin khoa hc k
thut trong giao thng vn ti hin nay.

2.2. Cc thnh phn ch yu ca cc trang thit b in.
-My phtin ko (cn gi l my pht in chnh
): loi u my c v cng sut nh (P s 1000 KW )
th-ng l loi u my in mt chiu, loi u my
mi sn xut gn y l loi c cng sut ln (P
>1000 KW) v th-ng l loi my pht in xoay chiu
ng b. Nhim v ch yu pht ra ngun in (mt
chiu hoc xoay chiu) cung cp cho cc ng c in
ko .
- My pht in ph : th-ng -c lp lin kt
cng trc vi my pht in kch t to thnh t
hp my ghp, ch yu pht ra ngun in mt chiu
14

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
cung cp cho phn mch ph (phn mch kch t v phn
mch iu khin ).
mt s u my hin i, dng truyn ng hn
hp hoc xoay chiu, my pht kch t l my pht
ng b, c th -c b tr ngay trong lng my pht
in ko. Khi my pht in ph -c b tr c
lp v l my pht xoay chiu ng b, thng qua b
nn dng v h thng iu chnh in p t ng
cung cp dng in mt chiu n nh cho phn mch
in ph.
- ng c in ko (hay ng c in chnh), cho
n nay vn ch yu l loi ng c in mt chiu
ni tip. Th-ng c t bn n m-i chic trn mt
u my. ng c in ko c nhim v bin i in
nng thnh c nng, lm quay cc trc ch ng, to
ra sc ko ca u my .
Mt s u my hin i c th trang b ng c
in ko l loi xoay chiu d b thng qua b bin
i tn s .
- ng c in ph: th-ng l loi kch t song
song v hn hp ( l-i in mt chiu) hoc d b
lng sc ( l-i in xoay chiu), ch yu dng
dn ng bm du bi trn, bm nhin liu, qut lm
mt, my nn gi, bm n-c lm mt Ngoi ra cn c
loi ng cin mt chiu kch t ni tip dng
khi ng khng ti ng c diezel (my ).
- B bin i in.
+ B nn in (chnh l-u) nn dng in
xoay chiu thnh mt chiu. mch in ko (mch
ng lc) tr-c kia th-ng dng loi chnh l-u thu
ngn cng sut ln, cn trn cc loi u my hin
nay l cc dit bn dn thng th-ng hoc bn dn
silic c iu khin(Tiristor).
B nn in b tr trn u my diezel T hn hp
trong mch ng lc nn dng in xoay chiu ca
my pht in chnh cung cp cho cc ng c in ko
mt chiu kch t ni tip.Ngoi ra n cn -c b
tr trn cc mch in ph ,mch in iu khin
khch.
+ B bin tn: dng thay i dng in
l-i xoay chiu c tn s f
1
v in p u
1
thnh dng
in c tn s f
2
v in p u
2
theo yu cu. mch
ng lc ca u my diezel T xoay chiu, b bin
15

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
tn dng kt hp vi ng c d b xoay chiu iu
chnh -ng c tnh c ca ng c t -ng c tnh
cng thnh -ng dc tnh mm ,ph hp vi yu cu
ca -ng c tnh sc ko u my. Tr-c y,
thay i tn s ca h thng ng lc c cng sut
ln, phi s dng c mt t hp ng c my pht
xoay chiu v mt chiu phc tp, nh-ng hin nay, s
dng h thng bn dn ciu khin gn nh hn nhiu.
- Cm bnh in c quy: gm cc bnh c quy ch hay
c quy kim c in p v dung l-ng tu thuc vo
kiu v cng sut u my. Nhim v ch yu l cung
cp cho cc my in khi ng (my ) khi ng
ng c diezel v cp in cho cc phn mch khng
ch, iu khin, chiu sng, o l-ng, bo v,khi
u my ch-a vn hnh.

a.



















Hnh 2-1: B tr tng th ca u my.
a. u my D9E; b. u my D19E
1- Thng gi chnh ; 2- Kt lm mt ng c diezel.;
3- Kt lm mt du; 4- Qut lm mt; 5- Thng n-c
; 6- ng c diezel ; 7- Th-c thm du; 8- Bu lc;
9-My pht in chnh ; 10-My pht kch t phn
cc; 11- Qut lm mt b truyn ng; 12-Bu lc gi

16

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
lm mt; 3-My nn kh hm; 14-Van iu p; 15-T
in; 16-Bn iu khin ; 17-Tay hm ; 18-ng c
in ko ; 19 - c quy ; 20- Thng nhin liu;
21- Gi chuyn h-ng

- Cc trang thit b in ph
y hiu khi nim phl phn bit vi cc
thit b trong mch ng lc (-c gi lchnh). H
thng cc trang thit bin ph c nhiu tc dng
quan trng nh-: iu khin, iu chnh tng, bo
v, gim stv c cu to phc tp chia ra thnh
nhiu phn mch (hay h thng) sau:
+thit b ph thuc h thng iu khin, khng
ch, b o chiu (hay i h-ng chy), cc thit b
tip xc (cng tc t) v cc c cu iu khin: nm,
nt, tay vn, cu dao, cng tc, bn p, cc van
in(t hoc in khng kh).
+ Cc thit b ph thuc h thng iu chnh t
ng bao gm cc thit b t ng iu chnh c tnh
t my pht - ng c diezel, h thng chuyn i cp
tc t ng, b iu chnh in p t ng, b i
in c iu khin
+ Cc thit b ph thuc h thng bo v: kho ln
t, cm thit b bo v, r le tip t, r le quay
khng, r le p lc, r le nhit , r le thi gian
Ngoi ra cn c cc h thng o th, cm bin (cc
loi ng h, cm bin vng quay, p lc, nhit ),
cc mch n tn hiu, chiu sng v cc kh c in
thng th-ng khc (bin tr, in dung, in khng,
cu dao, cu ch)
V ph-ng thc b tr tng th u my c th
tham kho hnh 1-1 b tr tng th u my U8B (D9E)
ca M v u my i mi (D19E) ca Trung quc

2.2.a.My pht in ko.
- Cng dng v c im:
Trn u my diezel T, my pht in ko -c
ng c diezel truyn dn cng sut ch yu, sinh ra
dng in ng lc cp cho ng c in ko (cn gi
l my pht in chnh).My pht in ko (MFK)
th-ng lin kt (qua khp ni trc) vi ng c
diezel to thnh t my pht in - diezel.Vi loi
17

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
u my c, cng sut nh, hu ht s dng MFK l
loi my pht in mt chiu. Nh-ng vi cc loi u
my hin i c cng sut ln (cng sut u my
P>1500 KW) th hu ht MFK l my pht in xoay
chiu ng b ba pha.
p ng -c cc yu cu ca c tnh sc
ko v bo m an ton trong qu trnh vn hnh, my
pht in ko (k c loi MFK mt chiu v xoay
chiu) trn u my diezel so vi cc my in thng
th-ng c mt s yu cu k thut v yu cu v tnh
nng my pht nh- sau:














Hnh 2-2. c tnh ng c diezel v c tnh sc ko
u my
a. c tnh ng c diezel ( N, M- Cng sut v m
men trn trc ra; n- Tc quay)
b. c tnh sc ko u my

- C nng lc qu ti ln p ng cc ch
u my khi ng on tu v ko on tu v-t qua
dc cho php
- C phm vi iu chnh in p rng
- Phi c c tnh mm, ph hp vi c tnh ko
ca u my (hnh 2-2) tn dng ht cng sut ca
my pht v ng c diezel.
- Chu -c cc bin ng ln ca ph ti in
t cng nh- c gii, chu -c s tc ng ca ti
trng ng cng nh- va p c hc. C tnh n nh v
tin cy trong qu trnh vn hnh.

18

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- C kt cu ph hp vi khng gian lp t hn
ch trn u my
T , MFK dng trn u my diezel c nhng dc
im ni bt sau y v mt cu to:
- Mch kch t l mch in c lp
(kch t ngoi) khng lin h trc tip
vi mch in phn ng hay mch in ph
ti. S dng my kch t chuyn dng
hoc cc c cu c bit c dng kch
t ph hp.
- C h thng cc t ph v cun dy b
(nu l loi MFK mt chiu). Hoc cng
c th l my pht in ng b ba pha
hoc su pha.
- Thng gi lm mt theo ph-ng thc
c-ng bc (dng qut gi chuyn dng lm
mt c MFK v CK)
- Kch th-c th-ng ngn, gn, c dng
tr trn. Kt cu chc chn, c trng
l-ng nh. Thng th-ng MFK -c lin
kt cng c phn trc quay v phn v
vi ng c diezel

2.2.a.1 My pht in ko 1 chiu
2.2.a.1.1 Cu to ca my in 1 chiu (hnh 2-3).
Stato ca my th hin trn hnh 2-2 gm: v my
6, li cc t chnh 1 v cc t ph 3, trn cc cc
t c cc bi dy qun kch thch 5,7 m ly cc li
cc t. S l-ng cc t chnh, ph thuc vo tc
quay v cng sut ca my cng nh- yu cu k thut
c th, thng th-ng c t 4 n 10 cc t. Li cc
t chnh 1 -c ghp t cc l thp Silic dy t 1-
2mm (hnh 2-4). Cc t chnh -c bt cht vo v my
nh cc gudng 9 vn cht vo thn cc t v cu 10
(hnh 2-3).


19

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut



Hnh 2-3. Cu to my pht in ko mt chiu -311
1. Trc quay; 2. Vnh gp; 3. Np my ; 4. Hp chi
than; 5. L xo chi than; 6. Cun dy cc t
chnh; 7. Li thp cc t chnh; 8,13,15.V my; 9.
Li thp cc t ph; 10.Cun dy cc t ph; 11.Dy
qun phn ng; 12.Li thp phn ng; 14,17. Thn
trc phn ng (moay) ; 16.G gi cht; 18. Chn bt
my; 19. Np kim tra vnh gp






Hnh 2-4. Stato ca my
in mt chiu
1. Cc t chnh; 2. Dy
qun kch thch ni tip;
3. Cc t ph; 4. Bu lng
bt cc t ph; 5. Dy
qun cc t ph; 6. V
my; 7. Dy qun kch
thch song song; 8. Gu
ging p; 9. Bu lng cc
t chnh; 10. cu
















A A
4
6
0

3
2
0

200
A - A
20

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut







Hnh 2-5:Li thp cc t
chnh
CK ZQD-310 trn u my
D19E







Hnh 2-6: Dy qun kch
thch my in mt chiu
1. Dy qun kch thch;
2,3, 6. Cch in cc
pha(bng baklit)
Li cc cc t ph 4 th-ng lm bng thp c v
cc cc t ph -c bt vo v mybng bulng. Trn
cc t chnh ng-i ta t cc bi dy ca mt hay vi
dy qun kch thch (dy qun kch thch song song,
ni tip, dy qun ng-c). Cc bi dy cc t
ph-c mc ni tip vi phn ng. Hnh 2-5 gii
thiu cu to ca mt bi dy qun kch thch.
2.2.a.1.2 Nguyn l lm vic ca my in 1 chiu.
T tr-ng mt chiu ca my khi khng ti (I-=0)
ch -c to nn bi sc t ng ca dy qun kch
thch mang dng in I
t
. Khi phn ng quay vi tc
n, trong dy qun ca n cm ng nn sc in ng
(S) tn s f:

n p
p
f .
2
.
=
O
=
t
[hz]
Trong :
p- S i cc t
O- tc gc (rad/s)
n s vng quay (vng/s)
Nh c vnh gp v chi in, S ny -c chnh
l-u v sinh ra S mt chiu trn cc chi.
Nu ni vo chi mt l-i in mt chi hay mt
ph ti th trong dy qun phn ng s sinh ra mt
dng in ph thuc vo mi quan h gia sc in
ng v in p ca l-i. Khi lm vic ch my
pht (quay theo mi tn F trn hnh 2-6), S lc ny
s ln hn in p l-i (E>U), dng in phn ng
cng chiu vi S v c nng t ng c s cp -c
-a qua trc my in bin thnh in nng mt chiu
pht vo l-i. Khi lm vic ch ng c (theo
21

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
chiu quay mi tn D, hnh trn), S nh hn in p
l-i, cn in nng -c ly t l-i vo bin thnh
c nng chuyn qua trc my ti b phn cng tc.
Khi my mang ti v lm vic ch ng c hay
my pht (I-=0), t tr-ng trong my khng ch do
sc t ng dng in I
t
ca dy qun kch thch c
lp hay song song m cn do sc t ng ca dy qun
kch thch ni tip v dy qun phn ng mang dng
in phn ng na. iu lm bin i ng k t
thng v s phn b t cm khe h khng kh gia
phn ng v phn cm. Nh- thy trn hnh 2-6 -ng
2-2i qua cc im trn b mt phn ng m t
cm bng khng (-ng trung tnh vt l) b dch i
mt gc | so vi v tr 1-1 ca n khi khng ti.













Hnh 2-7: Nguyn l lm
vic ca my in mt
chiu




2.2.a.2 My pht in ko xoay chiu.
Trn u my diezel, my pht in ko xoay chiu
ng b ngy cng thng dng trong cc u my truyn
ng in kiu xoay chiu - mt chiu v s -c s
dng trong dng truyn ng in kiu xoay chiu
xoay chiu trong t-ng lai gn. Nh- ni my pht
in ko xoay chiu dng trn u my diezel T l
loi my pht xoay chiu ng b cc li v cc n,
v vy sau y ta i nghin cu hai loi my ny.
2.2.a.2.1. Nguyn l lm vic ( hnh 2-7).
My pht in ng b xoay chiu vn hnh theo
nguyn l in t cm ng v tnh cht tc dng ln
nhau gia hai loi t tr-ng quay. C th l khi cho

22

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
dng in kch t mt chiu (I
kt
) vo cun dy phn
cm (phn quay) ri dng ng c s cp (ng c
diezel) ko phn cm quay vi tc n
b
= 60f/p
(trong f l tn s, p l s i cc t) to ra
t tr-ng quay ca phn quay. Loi t tr-ng ny, tuy
khng bin thin theo thi gian nh-ng lun di chuyn
(quay trn) trong khng gian nn s ct bi cc thanh
dn trn phn ng (phn tnh) m cm ng ra sc
in ng vi tr s hiu dng ca mi pha :E = 4,44
. .f .W . K
dq

Vi : K
dq
- l h s dy qun ; W - s
vng dy ca mi pha











Hnh 2-8: Nguyn l lm
vic ca my pht in
ng b xoay chiu
1.Mch t phn ng;
2.Dy qun phn ng ba
pha ; 3.Mch dn t phn
cm; 4. Dy qun kch
thch; 5.C cu dn
dng in kch thch




Bi vy khi cun dy phn ng ca my in -c khp
kn vi mch ngoi, th d-i tc dng ca sc in
ng E lp tc c dng in xoay chiu dn ra cung
cp cho ph ti. Do c dng in ti chy trong cun
dy phn ng s sinh ra t tr-ng phn ng. i vi
my pht in ng b, t tr-ng phn quay v-t tr-c
t tr-ng phn ng do trc quay -c ko bi ng c
diezel v do khi quay, n s ko t tr-ng phn
tnh quay theo .
2.2.a.2.2.



23

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Cu to MFB th hin trn hnh 2-9, 2-10



















Hnh 2-9 : My
pht ng b xoay
chiu
1.Thn stato;
2.Cc roto;
3.Mch t stato;
4.Dy qun kch t ;
5.Gi c nh dy
qun ; 6.B lm ngui
du ; 7.Np chn ;
8.Np h-ng trc ;
9.ng trc ca chn
v h-ng trc ;
10.Phn ng my kch
t ; 11. Cc t ca
my kch t ; 12.Vnh
gp my kch t ;
13.Chi in my kch
t; 14. Vnh tip xc
; 15.Gi in ca
vnh tip xc; 16.My
pht kch thch;
17.Thn my kch t ;
18.Dm ; 19.Dy
ni gia my v vnh
tip xc ; 20.Vnh
roto ; 21.Dm ;
22.Trc ; 23.ng tr
; 24.Np ; 25.Phanh
hm ;26.Vnh phanh ro
to; 27.Qut dc trc
; 28.Vnh gi ;
29.Phn t dy qun
stato; 30.u tra
dy qun stato; 31.M
p cc

24

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut

Hnh 2-10. My pht xoay chiu ng b hng ABB




Hinh 2-11 : L tn mch
dn t stato
1.Rng ; 2. Rnh ;
3.Gng stato



Hnh 2-12 : C nh mch
dn t c rnh h-ng knh
v ghp t cc l
vnh khn nguyn tm vo
v my






C cbi dy
ba pha phn ng
C cbi dy
ba pha phn ng
R nh li thp
phn ng
R nh li thp
phn ng
V m y V m y
25

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut








Hnh 2-13. Phn ng (stato) ca MFB trn u my
D19E
Hnh 2-14 : Cc
secmng mch t stato
a- Bin ghp
gia rnh
b - Bin ghp gia rng
Stato (phn tnh) ca MFB c cu to nh- sau (2-
9, 2-13): Nu vi MFB c cng sut nh (<200KW) li
thp dn t -c ghp t nguyn vnh trn l thp k
thut in (hnh 4-38) dy 0,5 mm hai mt -c ph
sn cch in v p ln mt trc g chuyn dng nh
cc vnh p v ch sau khi lng dy qun mi p vo
thn my.
Khi cng sut MFB ln (> 200 KW ) -ng knh
ngoi mch t stato ln hn 1m, mi lp vnh trn ca
mch t -c ghp t nhiu mnh gi l sc mng. Cc
secmng -c dp t cc l thp k thut in dy
0,5mm (hnh 2-14). Cc secmng c ch bt ln cc
thanh mng 7 (hnh 2-15) v -c p cht nh scmng
p 4, gudng 3 v cu 2 xit cc sc mng . Sc
mng p 4 vo scmng thng gi 5 to thnh cc
rnh thng gi h-ng knh trong mch t, cc phin 9
c nh cht cc gudng vo thn, ngn chng khi
rung. Theo qui nh, mch t stato l rnh h, dy
qun kiu cc tnh xen k 29 ( trn hnh 2-9) -c
t trong cc rnh .


26

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut








Hnh 2-15: C nh mch dn t ghp t cc scmng
vo thn
Trong cc MFB c cng sut khng ln lm ng-i
ta dng dy qun phn ng l dy qun hnh xp hnh
thnh t cc phn t nhiu vng dy (th-ng l hai)
cn trong cc my cng sut cc ln (my pht in
l-i quc gia, thu in) dng dy qun sng (mt
vng dy) vi MFB cc li v qun xp kiu thanh dn
vi hai thanh trong mt rnh. Hnh 2-16 gii thiu
mt ct rnh mch dn t trong c t dy qun hai
lp kiu bi dy v kiu thanh. Vng dy hoc thanh
dn ca dy qun gm mt s chn thanh dn nguyn t
tit din ch nht -c cch in t thnh hai lp
theo chiu rng rnh.
Trn hnh 2-16 cc vng dy gm mt hoc nhiu
thanh 1 -c cch in vi nhau nh cch in vng
dy 2. cch in cc vng dy ca bi dy vi cc
b phn ni v my c cch in v 3. gim bt
c-ng in tr-ng khe gia cch in v v mch
t ng-i ta ph lp cch in bn dn 4 .Cc bi dy
-c c nh cht trong rnh bng cc nm phi t tnh
7 bng vt liu cch in chm vo nhng mng lm
trn thnh rnh. D-i nm, gia cc lp y rnh c
t cc m cch in 6, 5, 8 c chiu dy -c la
chn lp kn khe gia nm v dy qun. Phn u
ni -c c nh cht nh nhng tm m v cc vng
ai.


Hnh 2-16 Mt ct
cc rnh mch dn t



27

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
trong c t cc dy
qun hai lp kiu
a bi dy , b
kiu thanh





Mch t rto (phn cm) ca MFB cc li kch thch
bng dng in 1 chiu c th ch to bng st t
nguyn khi hoc t cc tm tn k thut in ring
r vi chiu dy tu cng sut v iu kin cng
ngh. Trn hnh 2-9 cc t ghp t cc l thp dy
1,5 mm, vnh rto 20 -c ch to nguyn khi t thp
rn v lng vo trc 22, th-ng th vnh roto -c
ghp t cc tm thp dy 2 6 mm (nu cc tm thp
-c dp) vn 100mm (nu chng -c ct bng hn).
Cc tm thp -c p cht nh cc gudng. Khi
-ng knh ngoi c d-i 4m, vnh rto -c ch to
t cc tm c dng vnh v p trc tip ln trc. Khi
-ng knh vnh rto ln th chng cng -c ch to
bng cch ghp t cc secmng.
thng gi tt, trn vnh rto c cc rnh thng
gi. c th t cun dy 5 (hnh 2-17) ca dy
qun kch thch ch to sn vo cc cc c b rng
nh hn mt cc, cc mt cc hoc ton b cc th-ng
-c ch to tch ri. Dy qun kch t -c qun t
dy ng c tit din ch nht, -c p nh hnh v
cch in tr-c khi lng vo cc. m bo cun dy
c nh, khi c lc ly tm dc trc cc, ng-i ta
dng cc vng m v cc tm chn. u mt cc
ng-i ta t dy qun ngn mch c b-c khng u gi
l dy qun cn. Cc thanh 7 (hnh 2-17) v cc c
cu ngn mch (secmng 6) ca dy qun -c ch
to bng ng. u cc t c cc rnh trn na kn
t cc thanh cn. Dy qun cn c nh h-ng tt n
din bin cc qu trnh qu c lin quan n s
bin i ca cc i l-ng in t v tc quay
(thay i ti, thay i tc ng c diezel).

28

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
cc my c cc nguyn khi khng dng dy qun cn v
cc dng xoy cm ng trong thn cc to thnh s cn
du tt yu ca t tr-ng trong qu trnh qu .
Hnh 2-17 : Hnh dng b ngoi ca roto cc li
1.Khung roto 2.Vnh rto
3.Vnh tip xc 4.Trc
5.Cun dy kch thch
6.Secmng dy qun cn
7.Thanh dy qun cn 8.Xp li thp cc t
9.Rnh thng gi trong cc

Cc chi in t st vo vnh tip xc quay. ni
in cc chi 6 vo thanh ci 1, bt buc u cc
chi in (hnh 2-18) c dy cp mm 3. u kia ca
dy cp c hn cc u cp 2. Hp chi m bo s
tip xc cn thit ca chi in vi vnh tr-t,
t-ng t nh- my in 1 chiu. Trn hnh 2-18 v 2-
19 th hin cc vnh tip xc ca dy qun kch
thch cc my ng b v kt cu hp


Hnh 2-18: Cc vnh tip xc ca Hnh2-19 : Hp
chi in
dy qun kch thch my ng b
i vi my pht ng b dng vi ng c s cp
(ng c diezel, tua bin hi) c s vng quay ng
c ln hn 1500v/pht th-ng dng MFB cc n. Kt
cu stato (phn ng) ca my cc n khng c g khc

29

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
vi loi cc li. Ch c phn cm (rto) l c nhng
im khc bit vi loi cc li xt trn. Mch
t rto ca my n cc -c trnh by trn hnh 2-20.
m bo bn c ca cc b phn mch t chu lc
ly tm, mch t -c ch to t thp c bn cao
(hp kim crm, niken v molipen). Trn mt ngoi
hnh tr ca thn mch t 1 c phay cc rnh hnh ch
nht cho cc bi dy ca dy qun kch thch 5 qun
ri theo s nguyn l (s xt sau). Cc rnh -c
phn b u trn hai vng i xng i vi tm, mi
phn chim 1/3 chu vi. Gia cc rnh, trong phm vi
cc vng hnh thnh cc rng nh 3 ca mch t,
gia hai vng hnh thnh cc rng ln 2 ca mch t.
tm roto c rnh thng gi 4. Cc thanh dn kch
thch MFB cc n quay vi tc cao phi chu mt
lc ly tm ln, v vy cc thanh dn 1 ca dy qun
th-ng -c lm bng hp kim ng pha bc vn m
bo -c tnh dn dn in tt nh-ng bn c hc
-c tng c-ng.














Hnh 2-20. Cc mt ct
ngang v dc ca roto cc
n
1 Gng mch t roto ; 2
Rng ln mch t
3 Rng nh mch t ; 4
Rnh tm mch t 5 Bi
dy kch thch ; 6
Rnh dc rng ln; 7 Nm
t tnh ; 8 Nm
khng t tnh
9 ng ai; 10 Vnh nh
tm; 11 Ni dy tip xc
vi vnh tip xc; 12 Vnh
tip xc 13 ng

30

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
cch in ; 14. ng lng
ca vnh tip xc
Hnh 2-21. Phn cm ca MFK
u my D19E (Cc t li)




859
580

31

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Hnh 2-23 Cu to MFK xoay chiu ng b 3 pha
u my D19E

2.2.b. ng c in ko
2.2.b.1. Phm vi ng dng v c im
ng c in ko (CK) dng trn u my diezel
T, trn cc u my in, toa xe t hnh, t chy
in v.v... cho ti nay hu ht s dng loi ng c
in mt chiu kch t ni tip (tr mt s t gn
y mi sn xut th nghim vi di cng sut nh
dng ng c d b xoay chiu lng sc, hay mt s
loi ng c c bit nh- ng c tuyn tnh, xoay
chiu mt pha c c gp...). CK to ra ng lc ko
ca u my, toa xe (t hnh).
Cng vi my pht in ko, CK l mt thit b
quan trng bc nht trong h thng T ca u my.
V tnh nng, kt cu cng nh- -ng c tnh lm
vic ca n nh h-ng trc tip ti tnh nng, kt
cu v c tnh ko ca u my.
2.2.b.2Phng php phn loi
Thng th-ng c th phn loi CK theo my ph-ng
php sau y:
- Phn theo ch dng in: Bao gm hai loi ch
yu
ng c in ko mt chiu kch t ni tip th-ng
-c s dng trn cc u my diezel T, u my
in, xe in v on toa t chy c cng sut nh v
va (P 2000KW).
Vi cc loi u my c cng sut ln v hin i
trong t-ng lai, v ang -c nghin cu s
dng rng ri loi ng c in ko xoay chiu (d b
ng sc).
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi CK xoay chiu c vnh
i chiu v.v... dng cho cc u my in.
- Phn loi theo ph-ng thc truyn ng.
Ph-ng thc truyn ng gia ng c in ko v
trc ch ng ca u my c nh h-ng trc tip n
32

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
kt cu ca CK v b truyn ng trn u my. Qua
gio trnh Kt cu v tnh ton u my ta bit:
Trn u my qu trnh truyn ng t CK n trc
ch ng v bnh xe u my qua hai ph-ng thc:
+ Truyn ng n: Mt ng c in ko ch dn
ng mt trc bnh xe. Cn c theo cch treo CK,
trong ph-ng thc ny li chia ra:
CK treo kiu ta trc tc l mt pha CK -c
treo trn gi chuyn h-ng u my, cn pha kia -c
ta trn trc bnh xe (qua gi trc tr-t). Hnh 4-
63 th hin cu to ca CK treo kiu ny trn my
TM1 ca Lin X. Kiu treo CK ny c-u in l kt
cu n gin, thun tin cho ch to sa cha, nh-ng
v trong qu trnh vn hnh c mt phn trng l-ng
ca CK t trc tip ln trc bnh xe nn cc lc
xung kch t mt ray tc ng trc tip ln CK v
ng-c li. Do c tnh nng ng lc km nn ch thch
ng vi cc u my c tc V<120 km/h (D9E, D12E,
D18E, TM10 v.v...)



33

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut











Hnh 2-24: ng c in ko treo kiu ta trc
(truyn ng n)
1. Tai treo; 2. Bnh rng ch ng; 3.Bnh rng b
ng; 4.V hp gim tc ; 5. Gi ; 6. Pht
du ; 7, 13. Bc; 8. Np ; 9. Con len (thm
du) ; 10. Vt du ; 11. Du bi trn; 12. Hp
du ; 14. V CK; 15. X gi chuyn; 16. L xo
34

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
gim chn ; 17, 18, 19,
20, 21. Cc cht dc v ngang.
CK kiu treo trn khung gi chuyn qua h thng
gim chn, ph hp vi cc u my c tc cao v
c tnh nng ng lc tt (hnh 2-25).









Hnh 2-25: Truyn
ng cm
1. ng c in
ko 2. Bnh
rng ch ng
3. Bnh rng
trung gian 4.
Bnh rng b ng



+ CK truyn ng cm, tc mi ng c in ko
phi dn ng hai hay nhiu trc ch ng u my,
qua cc c cu dn ng trung gian (bnh rng, thanh
truyn...). Trn hnh 2-25 th hin CK truyn ng
cm, treo trn khung gi chuyn h-ng.
Tr-c y v Vit Nam hin nay hu ht cc loi
u my diezel T u s dng ph-ng thc truyn
ng n v cc ph-ng thc ny khng c c cu
truyn lc phc tp nn m men truyn n trc ch
ng cn bng, u my s dng ph-ng thc ny d
thng qua -ng cong v gia cc trc ch ng khng
c lin kt cng vi nhau v nng cao -c tin cy
cho u my trong qu trnh vn hnh. Tuy nhin do s
l-ng CK nhiu (4 12 chic) dn ti trng l-ng
u my tng v nu treo CK kiu ta trc, lc xung
kch ln mt ray ln. khc phc nhng nh-c im
trn, gn y ng-i ta c xu h-ng pht trin ph-ng
thc truyn ng cm, CK treo trn khung gi chuyn
h-ng vi cc loi u my c tc vn hnh cao.
- Phn loi CK theo ph-ng thc lm mt.
Cn c vo ph-ng thc lm mt CK trn u my
c th phn ra:

35

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- ng c in ko lm mt theo ph-ng thc t
hnh (dng bnh qut lp trn trc quay ng c t
lm mt).
- ng c in ko lm mt theo ph-ng thc c-ng
bc (dng qut gi chuyn dng, qut gi t bn ngoi
lm mt CK).
- ng c in ko lm mt theo ph-ng thc hn
hp (p dng ng thi c hai ph-ng thc trn).
Ni chung cc loi u my thng dng, c cng
sut t trung bnh tr ln, hu ht u p dng
ph-ng thc lm mt c-ng bc CK. Ch c u my c
cng sut nh, iu kin lm vic khng khc nghit
mi p dng ph-ng thc lm mt t hnh. Ph-ng thc
lm mt hn hp p dng cho cc u my cng sut ln
hoc vn hnh trong iu kin khc nghit.
2.2.b.3 iu kin vn hnh
iu kin vn hnh ca CK so vi cc ng c
in thng th-ng khc nghit hn rt nhiu. C th
l:
- Do khng gian lp t CK trong gm u my
rt hn ch (nht l cc loi u my dng cho
-ng st kh hp - nh- n-c ta hin nay), nn vic
thng gi lm mt rt kh khn.
- Trong qu trnh u my vn hnh trn -ng, khi
qua cc u mi ni ray, qua ghi v.v... CK lun b
rung sc, va p mnh. c bit vi loi CK treo
kiu ta trc, c tr-ng hp gia tc va p ln gp
n 25 ln gia tc trng tr-ng.
- Ph ti in v c nng n li l ph ti ng,
khng n nh v trong qu trnh vn hnh, u my
lun lun thay i trng thi vic lm (gia tc, gim
tc, hm, qu ti ...)
- S phn b ph ti gia CK th-ng khng cn
bng, v mc d CK ca mt u my l cng kiu
loi, nh-ng c tnh lm vic, cc thng s ch to
l khng th hon ton ging nhau (hn na sau mt
qu trnh vn hnh, c s mi mn nn -ng knh bng
a bnh xe, cc trc ... khc nhau).
36

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- Khng kh lm mt v mi tr-ng t CK lun
bi bn, kh tn nhit, m -t (do treo gm gi
chuyn h-ng).
Bi vy trong qu trnh thit k ch to, c bit
l qu trnh vn dng, bo d-ng v sa cha ta cn
c bit l-u n nhng iu kin lm vic ca CK
nu trn.

2.2.b.4 S kt cu ca CK thng dng
Nh- trn phn tch, tnh nng kt cu ca CK
ph thuc nhiu vo cc iu kin cng nh- yu cu
vn hnh, ph-ng thc truyn ng ca u my v kiu
loi CK c th. lm v d minh ho y chng
ti ch nu mt s CK thng dng trn mt s u
my diezel T hin ang vn dng trn -ng st n-c
ta. Trong c bit i su vo phn tch kt cu
ca CK 5GE-761-A3 s dng trn u my D9E ca M
sn xut.
Loi CK 5GE-761-A3 ( xeri sn xut t A3 n A8) c
kt cu tng th biu th trn hnh 2-26.




37

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut

Hnh 2-26: S kt cu v hnh dng ca CK 5GE-
761-A3
1. Trc quay; 2. Bc bao trc bnh xe; 3.Vng
chn; 4. Gi gi trc; 5,25. tm m; 6.
cu; 7.Np ; 8,9,10,11,12 Bu lng; 13.Tm ; 14.
Chi than cacbon; 15.Phin ng nn in; 16.Gi
hp chi than; 17.Cun dy cc t ph ; 18.Bu lng
cc t ph(hp kim nhm); 19.Phn ng; 20.Bu lng
cc t chnh 21.Cun dy cc t chnh; 22.V my;
23.Dy qun phn ng; 24.V hp bnh rng gim tc;
26,27.Np v pht chn du; 28.G trc ; 29. Bnh
rng ch ng (trn trc CK); 30. trc;
31.thn ; 32.bnh rng b ng ;33. Pht chn
du; 34,35.-ng thng gi; 36.ai thp c nh dy
qun phn ng
2.2.c.T my pht in ph
T MFF trn u my diezel th-ng -c dn ng
trc tip t ng c diezel qua c cu truyn dn
trc tip (dy ai, cn thu lc,bnh rng) pht
ra dng in cung cp cho h thng c quy u my
(np c quy) v cp cho cc h thng in iu khin,
iu chnh , khng ch (gi chung l ti ca MFF ).
Trn cc u my diezel T m mch kch t dng
my kch t chuyn dng th MFF v my kch t phn
cc th-ng kt hp vi nhau nhnh t my ghp, c th
l hai my ring bit ghp v li vi nhau ( t my
38

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
ghp v ) hoc c th c v, c bn trong my v trc
quay cng ghp li vi nhau (t my v lin). Trn
hnh 2-27 l kt cu phn bn trong v hnh dng bn
ngoi ca t my v lin GMG 146 trn u my D9E.
Nh-ng nhn chung, trn cc u my diezel T hin
i, my kch t v MFF th-ng -c cu to c lp
v cng -c dn ng ng thi t ng c diezel.
Cn trn cc u my diezel TTL, do khng c my
kch t m ch c my pht in c cng cng dng nh-
MFF ( n gin ta gi chung chng l MFF). Hnh
2-28 l cu to ca MFF I - 732 dng trn u my
D4H.
Qua cc hnh 2-27, 2-28 ta nhn thy, my pht
in ph th-ng l cc my pht in mt chiu kch
t song song. Tu theo cng sut u my, cng sut
v in p ca MFF khc nhau, cng sut t 1 KW, n
hng chc KW, in p t 24 V n 110 V, p
ng cho dng ph ti ca mch in iu khin u
my. Trn mt s u my diezel T cng sut ln
hin i, ngoi kiu MFF mt chiu k trn, ng-i ta
cn s dng cc loi MFF l my pht ng b xoay
chiu ba pha thng dng hoc loi my pht xoay chiu
ba pha c bit (statordyne) c phn cm v phn ng
in (dy qun xoay chiu ba pha) u nm trn
stator. Dng in ca cc my pht xoay chiu pht ra
-c chnh l-u qua cu chnh l-u v -a n ti nh-
vi dng in mt chiu ca cc loi MFF mt chiu.
39

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut


Hnh 2-27: My pht in ghp GMG 146E1 trn u
my D9E
a Hnh dng bn ngoi t my ghp b
Cu to bn trong
A: MFF v B: my kch t phn cc h-ng dc
1.Trc quay; 2.Bulng u trc lai; 3.Bulng np
u trc; 4.m; 5.Puly truyn ng; 6.Gi
hp chi than MFF (my 1); 7.Vnh gp (my 1);
8.Hp chi than ; 9,10,11.Dy qun cc t, li cc
t chnh v phn ng (my 1); 12.V chung;
13.Bulng ni; 14.Qut lm mt; 15.Dy qun kch
t ng-c (my kch t my 2);
16,17,18,20,21,22.Li cc t, phn ng, cun dy
kch t ngoi, hp chi than, vnh gp v gi
chi than my 2; 19.Np quan st; 23.Bulng np;
24.Bulng u trc
40

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Cc MFF u -c dn ng trc tip qua puly 5 (
trn hnh 2-27) hoc qua bnh rng (hnh 2-28) t
ng c diezel, v vy tc quay ca MFF hoc c
t my ph thuc (t l) vi s vng quay ca ng c
diezel. Do , bo m yu cu cht l-ng dng
in cp cho mch in iu khin, m bo in p n
nh vi mi tc ca ng c diezel v mi ti ca
u my. Trong qu trnh vn hnh, my pht in ph
th-ng phi c thit b iu chnh in p pht ra
ca n mt cch t ng, duy tr cho in p U
ph
lun
xp x gi tr nh mc.

Hnh 2-28: My pht in I732
1.Trc phn ng ; 2.Ecu bt cht my qut;
3,10.My qut; 4,8.bulng sit; 5.Con
tr-t; 6.Dm ngang; 7.Bng thp bo v ;
9,30.V my qut; 11,29. bi; 12.Vng bt
kn; 13,14.Np ; 15.Ming m cch ly;
16,31.Bulng ; 17,28.Np; 18.Tm ng ca ng
gp; 19.Chi in ; 20.Hp dy ra; 21.Cun dy
phn ng ; 22.Cc cun dy kch thch ;
23.Li cun dy; 24.Vt; 25.Phn ng;
26.Thn 27.bulng; 32.Vt sit
Ngoi cc thit b iu khin, iu chnh
v.vtc quy trn u my l ti ln nht v th-ng
xuyn nht ca MFF, ng thi cng gip cho sn
nh in p ca MFF. Nhim v ca tc quy trn u
my l nhn in nng do MFF cung cp, d tr d-i
41

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
dng ho nng, s dng cho cc thit b in iu
khin trn u my hot ng khi ng c diezel khng
lm vic v quan trng hn c l cp cho my khi
ng (my ) khi ng ng c diezel. Dung l-ng
ca t c quy trn u my diezel ph thuc cng sut
v in p l-i iu khin ca u my. V vy s
l-ng c quy trn u my c th t 6 16 bnh tu
thuc dung l-ng ca c quy v in p ca mi bnh.
c quy dng trn u my th-ng l loi c quy axit
(c quy ch) c bit cng c u my dng loi c quy
kim (loi ny gi thnh t hn c quy axt nh-ng
tui th li cao hn nhiu ).
2.2.d B bin i in dng trn u my Diezel
Cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh k thut bn dn,
in t, trong nhng nm gn y. Trn u my diezel
ni chung, nht l u my T cc thit b in t
v bn dn -c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch ng
lc v mch iu khin ca u my. B i in trn
u my -c s dng nhiu bin i dng in ng
lc xoay chiu ba pha (hoc 6 pha) ca MFK ng b
xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu cng sut ln
cp cho cc CK mt chiu (vi dng T hn hp xoay
chiu - mt chiu), hoc bin dng in xoay chiu
thnh dng in mt chiu cng sut nh mch kch
t, mch in ph (dng my pht in ph l loi my
pht in xoay chiu ng b ba pha), mch iu
khin...v dng to b ng-c bin (bin dng mt
chiu thnh xoay chiu thay i in p ri li
nn thnh mt chiu vi in p khc), b bin i
tn s v.v...
Tr-c kia vi cc b i in, ng-i ta s dng
cc loi thit b c gii (t ng c - my pht)
hoc bng cc loi n in t (b nn in thu
ngn, n in t c kh ba cc...) c kt cu cng
knh, tui th thp, gi thnh ch to cao v cng
sut khng ln. Ngy nay hu ht cc b i in, t
b i in cho mch c cng sut va v nh, mch
i in ng lc mch c dng in v in p cao
n b i in c iu khin trong b bin i tn
s, n nh in p v.v... u s dng cc loi thit
b bn dn nh- it, tiristor m cu to c th v
42

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
nguyn l lm vic ca chng -c gii thiu c
th trong cc gio trnh, ti liu khc.
Trn u my diezel T hn hp, sau my pht in
ko, dng in ba pha -c -a vo b nn in c
cng sut ln . B nn in th-ng dng 6 it (hay
cn gi l van in) vi loi MFK xoay chiu ng b
ba pha v 12 it vi loi MFK xoay chiu ng b 6
pha. Cc it c cng sut ln th-ng c dng bn
ngoi nh- hnh 2-29.

Hnh 2-29: Hnh dng bn ngoi ca it
cng sut ln
1. u ni cc d-ng ; 2. Dy ni (dy
mm) ;3. Thn (cng l cc m) 4.Rnh bt
vo tm tn nhit (cng l dy ni cc m) ;5. ai c
bt cht.
Trong tr-ng hp cn nn dng in c cng sut
ln, ng-i ta c th dng mt nhm hoc hai ba it
c th tng kh nng chu ng v tui th ca
it. Cc it -c lp trn cc tm tn nhit bng
ng hoc nhm ( c kh nng truyn dn nhit cao)
c cc cnh tn nhit tt trong khng kh. Vi cc
u my c MFK c cng sut ln, c qut lm mt
c-ng bc, ng-i ta cho qut thi qua gin cc it
trong b nn in ng lc tr-c ri mi vo lm mt
cho MFK, cc it -c lp vo gi tn nhit thnh
b v lp trong t (hnh 4-62) b tr ngay trn MFK
thun tin cho vic u dy, kim tra, sa cha
trong qu trnh vn hnh u my.






43

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut




Hnh 2-30. T it ng lc trn u my D19E
Ngoi b nn in ng lc, b bin i tn s
dng in ca MFK iu chnh c tnh ca CK
xoay chiu (s trnh by mc sau), th-ng s dng
cc it bn dn c iu khin cng sut ln
(tiristor), cc b nn in, i in ng-c cng -c
s dng rt ph bin trong cc mch iu khin, mch
in kch t v mch in ca my pht in ph (np
in cho c quy). Tu theo dng in ti, ty theo
in p m ng-i ta s dng cc loi it, tiristor
khc nhau c hnh dng, m hiu rt khc nhau.
2.2.e.Cc thit b bo v trn u my
m bo cho qu trnh vn hnh n nh, tin
cy v lu di. Trn u my diezel ng-i ta b tr
nhiu thit b kim tra, bo v t ng, nhm t ng
tc ng vo mch ng lc hoc cc h thng iu
khin hm dng hoc ngt b kch t cho my pht
in ko, ct gim cng sut, cnh bo cho ti x
bit v.vkhi c s c hoc cc thit b trong h
thng lm vic khng ng vi quy trnh do nh ch
to quy nh. Ni chung, nhim v ch yu ca phn
mch cc thit b bo v l nhm m bo an ton cho
ng-i v thit b trong qu trnh vn hnh my, nng
cao tui th v tn dng trit cng sut u my.
Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca cc thit b t
ng bo v l da trn s bin thin ti mt gii
hn nht nh ca cc tham s nh- dng in, in p,
nhit , p sut v.vca cc cm my chnh (hoc cc
thit bng lc, iu khin), ti cc cm my
ny lm vic khng ng ch quy nh, m tc ng
ng hoc ngt mch in v.v
Cc thit b t ng bo v ch yu trn u my
bao gm:
- Cc thit b chng qu ti: Ch yu bo v cc
thit b ng lc trn b truyn ng.
44

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- Cc thit b chng qu p
- Cc thit b chng ry my (bnh xe b tr-t
quay).
- Cc tht b tip t, chng chm mt cao p.
Ngoi ra cn cc thit b s dng rle p sut,
rle nhit ng ngt mch in bo v cc
thit b ng lc nh- mch chng qu nhit n-c
lm mt, mch kim tra p lc du bi trn, chng
siu tc v.vbo v cho ng c diezel. Trn cc u
my chy chnh tuyn cn trang b cc thit b chng
ng gt cho ti x, h thng ng h tc cho u
my c ghi bng (c th l ghi c kh, nh-ng cng c
th l ghi a mm v.v). H thng cc thit b bo
v cnh bo cn c thm cc thit b cm ng nhit
, p lc bo cho ti x thng qua cc ng h
trn cabin v.vTuy nhin do cc thit b tng bo
v trn u my rt a dng, nn trong phm vi ti
liu ny ch c th cp n mt s thit b chnh
th-ng -c b tr bo v mch ng lc ca u
my.
2.2.f. Thit b chng quay trt bnh xe u my
2.2.f.1. Cng dng thc t
H thng chng quay tr-t (hay cn gi l h
thng chng patin, h thng chng ry my v.v) c
tc dng ct b ph ti b phn, gim nh sc ko,
nhm bo vng cin ko v b truyn ng, hn ch
mc hao mn mt ln bng a bnh xe u my khi
pht sinh quay tr-t gia bnh xe vi -ng ray.
Tnh trng quay tr-t bnh xe th-ng xut hin
khi h s bm (
k
) khng m bo (do ti trong cc
b, nht l khi ti trng on tu ln hoc do iu
kin -ng -t, m-a v.v), ph ti ca u my mt
cn bng v sc ko u my (F
k
) tng ln qu mc (ln
hn sc ko bm)
i vi u my truyn ng cm, hin t-ng ry
my t xy ra, nh-ng vi u my truyn ng n,
th-ng c tnh trng ry my cc b tng trc ch
ng, khi tng sc ko t ngt .
45

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
2.2.f.2 c im kt cu
H thng chng quay tr-t trn u my diezel c
rt nhiu kt cu khc nhau, nh-ng tu trung li c
hai loi kt cu chnh
- H thng chng quay tr-t s dng rle chng
quay tr-t (hay kiu s dng rle in t) th-ng s
dng cho i b phn u my hin nay, loi ny c
kt cu n gin, d bo d-ng, sa cha, nh-ng
nhy khng cao (nh- trn cc u my: D9E, D18E, D13E
v.v)
- H thng chng quay tr-t kiu in t: th-ng
s dng vi cc u my hin i, kt hp vi h
thng in t t ng iu ho cng sut ca t
ng c diezel-MFF (nh- b CR trn u my D12E)
i vi loi h thng chng quay tr-t kiu rle
in t, cc rle in t ca h thng c kt cu
t-ng t nh- cc rle iu khin gii thiu phn
trn v th-ng l loi rle c nhiu tip im (c
th-ng ng v th-ng m) ng cc mch in khc
nhau khi c hin t-ng quay tr-t xy ra.
Cn vi cc h thng chng quay tr-t s dng
loi thit b in t, s ca h thng cng t-ng
t nh- vi loi in t, ch c khc l bn thn
cc cm rle in t -c thay th bng h thng
ng, m mch khng tip im thng qua cc kho in
t. ng thi, t cc tn hiu v qu trnh quay
tr-t, b iu khin trung tm s tin hnh iu
chnh li cng sut ca h thng ng lc trn u
my, t u my pht huy sc ko ln nht trong
cc iu kin bm khc nhau. Vic tng hay gim in
th ca MFF do h thng chng ry my iu khin sao
cho lc ko gn trng vi im gii hn ca h s bm
2.2.g.Thit b chng qu ti v qu p .
Thit b chng qu ti v qup l cc thit bin t hay in t hn ch
dng in ph ti (Ipt) hoc in p vt qu gii hn quy nh, nhm bo v
cho hng lc cng nh h thng in iu khin trn u my khng b chy,
hng do cc s c gy nn.
c bit i vi cc thit bin ko, cc CK cn c bo v qu ti,
khng cho dng in ph ti (do my pht in ko cung cp) lm chy hng
ng c v cc thit b ph khc. Mt khc trong qu trnh u my vn hnh,
46

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
in p cp khng n nh tn sng m mch ln nn d pht sinh hin tng
qup, bi vy vn hn ch hin tng qup, bo v cc thit bin trong
h thng ng lc, cng nh h thng in iu khin trn u my cng rt
quan trng.


Hnh 2-30: Mch
chng chm mt cao
p trn u my
D18E
ALT: MFK; M
i
: Cc
phn ng v cun
dy kch t ca
cc CK; WRM
i
:
Cc in tr; RDM:
Cun iu khin v
tip im chnh (
th-ng m) ca
rle tip t;
RAM1: Tipim t
gi (th-ng m);
RAM2: Tip im
cnh bo;
Cc tip im
khng ch :
- RAM3: ng c
diezel ;z
47

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- RAM5: Kch t
Kex, rcd, rcp: Cc
rle iu khin
kch t v ng c
diezel



















CHNG III:
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch iu khin my pht v mch np
c quy u my D19E

48

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
3.1. Tng quan u my diesel D19E.
u my i mi D19E c nhp v t nm 2002 do Trung Quc ng, do
cc X nghip u my H ni, X nghip u my Si Gn qun l.


Hnh 3.1: u my diesel D19E.
u my D19E l loi u my Diesel truyn ng in, dng ko tu
hng v tu khch. u my lp loi ng c Carterpillar 3521B ca M, my
pht in chnh v my pht in ph loi JF221 v ng c in ko loi
ZD310. B phn chy l gi chuyn hng 3 trc loi 13 tn/trc. Trn u my
c thit k h thng iu khin bng vi tnh, h thng khng ch cp in on
tu, h thng n nhn tn hiu t ng, h thng cp gi hai ng v b phn
hm in tr.
49

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut

Hnh 3.2: S kt cu u my D19E.
Thn u my D19E c kt cu loi khung chu lc. Cc vch tng bn
trong chia u my thnh 5 bung: bung li I, bung li II, gian in kh, gian
ng lc, gian lm mt.
+ Bung li I, II b tr i xng nhau 2 u ca thn u my, c 2 bung li
u c chc nng iu khin nh nhau. Trong bung li c b tr bn iu
khin, qut gi, n chiu sng
+ Gian in kh : Pha trc gian in kh l t in, thit b khng ch vi tnh
b tr trong t in. Pha sau bn phi l t chnh lu silic chnh, bn tri l t
iu khin hm in tr, t lp t thit b tn hiu. Cui gian in kh l hp s
trc ca c cu truyn ng.
+ Gian ng lc: Trong gian ng lc lp ng c diezel Carterpillar 3512B ca
M, t my pht in chnh v my pht in toa xe, cc thit b ph tr. Bn
trn l thit b x kh, bn tri v bn phi l h thng ht kh ca ng c
diezel, bn trn u t do ca ng c l thng nc gin n. Trn trn ca
gian ng lc c lp 2 qut thng gi cho khoang ng c.
50

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
+ Gian lm mt: Pha trn ca gian lm mt l b lm mt hnh ch V, c 28 lt
lm mt, pha trn bn trong gian lm mt c lp qut lm mt truyn ng
bng motor thu tnh. ng knh cnh qut l 1280 mm. Pha di gia c
hp s sau v my thng gi ng c in ko ca gi chuyn hng sau, bn
phi c b trao i nhit du truyn ng thu tnh, bn di pha sau ca gian
lm mt c b tr 2 t my nn gi dn ng bng motor in. Cnh phi bn
di ca b lm mt c thng du p lc thu tnh v 2 thng gi chnh, ngun
in iu ho.
Mt vi thng s k thut ca u my diesel D19E:
+ Cng sut ng c Diezen (Di iu kin UIC): 1455 (KW)
+ Ti trng trc: 13,5 (tn/trc)
+ C ly trc: 1,650mm
+ Tc u my:
- Tc ln nht: 120 (km/h)
- Tc lin tc : 14,7(km/h)
+ Lc ko ca u my
-Lc ko khi ng ln nht: 355,2 (kN) (dng in khi ng hn ch)
-Lc ko lin tc : 224 (kN) ( dng in lin tc hn ch)
+ Cng sut hm ln nht: 1243,8 (kW)
+ Cp in on tu:
-Cng sut cp in ln nht : 250 (kW)
-Tn s cp in: 50 (Hz)
-Cp in in p: 220/380 (V)
+ My pht in chnh:
- Dung lng ngch nh: 1,400 (KVA)
- in p nh mc: 258/720 (V)
+ ng c in ko:
- K hiu : ZODR-310.
51

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
- Cng sut nh mc : 310 (kW).
- in p nh mc : 500 (V).
- Dng in nh mc : 680 (A).
- Vng quay nh mc : 755 (vng/pht).
- Vng quay ln nht : 3.100 (vng/pht).
+ My pht in ph v khi ng ng c diesel:
- K hiu : ZQF-46B.
- Cng sut nh mc : 46 (kW).
- in p nh mc : 115 (V).
- Dng in nh mc : 400 (A).
- Vng quay nh mc : 1,150 - 3,500 (vng/pht).
+ c qui:
- Kiu : GNC 170.
- Kch thc bao 1 bnh : 139x79x370.
- Trng lng 1 bnh : 10 (kg).
- Dng in np tiu chun: 28 (A).
- Thi gian np tiu chun: 7 8 (h).
- in p nh mc ca t hp: 96 (V).
- S lng : 76 (bnh/ 01 u my).
3.2. Mch iu khin my pht in chnh.
Khi u my lm vic, ng c diesel dn ng my pht in chnh xoay
chiu ng b ba pha bin c nng thnh in nng. Dng in xoay chiu
ba pha do MPC sinh ra sau khi qua b chnh lu cu 3 pha (hoc b nn in)
s thnh dng in mt chiu cung cp in cho 6 ng c in ko (CK),
cc CK s bin i thnh c nng dn ng cc bnh xe u my, u
my s chy tin hoc li.
52

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
Khi hm ng nng, CK chuyn sang lm vic ch my pht in,
qua cc in tr hm bin in nng thnh nhit nng thot ra ngoi lm gim
tc u my gy nn tc dng hm.
Trn u my D19E, thay i chiu quay ca CK c thc hin bng
cch thay i chiu dng in kch thch cc CK quay theo chiu thun
hoc nghch dn n u my chy tin hay li.





3.2.1. Chy tin.
Khi tay gt o chiu trn b iu khin ca ti x t v tr chy tin.
Trng thi ng, m ca cc tip im ca cng tc i 1KSD, 2KSD, 1KSW
(hnh 3.3). Mch in cng dng in trong CK v dng kch thch nh
(hnh 3.3).
V d nh vi ng c in ko th nht (1MD): t cc dng ca chnh lu
1UR(+) qua tip im chnh 1KMP, motor 1MD, tip im thng ng
1KSW,
tip im thng m 1KSD, cun dy kch thch 1MD (C1, C2), tip im
thng ng 1KSD, 1KSW, sau quay v cc m ca chnh lu 1UR(-).
3.2.2. Chy li.
Khi tay gt o chiu trn b iu khin ca ti x v tr u my chy li.
Chiu i ca dng in nh sau (hnh 3.3): vi ng c in ko th nht
(1MD) t cc dng ca chnh lu 1UR(+) qua tip im chnh 1KMD, motor
1MD, tip im thng ng 1KSW, tip im thng m 1KSD, cun dy
53

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
kch thch 1MD (C1, C2), tip im thng m 1KSD, tip im thng ng
1KSW, sau quay v cc m ca chnh lu 1UR(-).
3.3. Mch iu khin my pht in ph.
My pht in ph trn u my c hai tc dng: khi ng ng c diesel
vi vai tr mt ng c in, v khi ng c diesel c khi ng n li c
vai tr nh mt my pht in np in cho c quy v cp in cho ng
in bm, ng c qut thng gi v mch iu khin.

Hnh 3.4: Mch iu khin my pht v mch np c quy.
3.3.1. Ch pht in bnh thng.
M un iu chnh in p ca h thng my tnh s iu chnh in p kch
thch ca my pht khi ng iu tit in p u ra, gi c n nh in
x8:10 13 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19
x8:1 2 6 3 4 5 7 8 9
MG
A42
A43
A45
A46
A48
A49
A60,61,62
A53,54,55
445
446
447
448
449
450
104
465
2FU
VDR
VD2
1FU
RC
7RS
3PA 3PA
R10
R11
7KM
6KM
2053
2055
P
V
2
6KM
1KM
Q1
Q2
T1
T2
3KA
R9
n nh dng kch thch
khi ng m y ph t in ph
tn hiu hi tip 110V
(B) tn hiu hi tip 110V
M y ph t in ph 110V
(B) M y ph t in ph 110V
kch thch m y ph t in ph
(B)kch thch m y ph t in ph
6
K
M
1
K
M
GB
S2
QKB
QKB
160A
125A
54

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
p khng i l 1102(V) cung cp in cho mch iu khin v cc thit b
khc.
Khi cng tc t 6KM ca my pht in ph c cp in, 6KM tc ng
vo cun dy kch thch ca my pht in ph lm xut hin dng in chy
qua. Khi ng c diesel quay th my pht in ph s pht in.
Mch in lc ny nh sau (hinh3.4): dng in t cc dng ca c quy
qua cng tc QKB, in tr 7RS, cng tc t 6KM (cng tc t thng m) ,
AAC(A60, A61, A62), sau tn hiu quay tr v cc m ca c quy.
Khi m un iu chnh in p hot ng tt th dng in c pht ra l
110(V). Lc c quy bt u np in v cp in cho ng in bm, ng
c qut thng gi v mch iu khin.
3.3.2. Ch pht in c nh ca my pht khi ng.
Trong trng hp c hai tm m un iu chnh in gp trc trc, ta vn c
th a my pht khi ng lm vic ch pht in c nh ng c
bm gi v cc thit b khc lm vic. Lc ny, cng tc t 6KM nh v 7KM
ng.
Mch kch thch ca my pht khi ng nh sau ( hnh 3.4 ): dng in t
cc dng ca c quy qua cng tc QKB, in tr 7RS, cng tc t 7KM (cng
tc t thng m), MG(T
1
T
2
) , cng tc t 7KM, sau tn hiu quay tr v
cc m ca c quy.
Khi pht in c nh, dng in qua cun dy kch thch ca my pht khi
ng l dng in c nh m khng phi i qua m dun iu chnh in p.
in tr R10 cho php my pht khi ng c in p l 1105(V). Khi tc
quay ca ng c diesel l 1800(vng/pht). Do dng in kch thch c nh
, khi tc vng quay ca ng c diesel gim U
MG
cng gim nn khi dng
my pht c nh ti x khng c my chy tc thp trong mt thi
gian di.
55

Thit k mn hc Truyn ng cng sut
3.4. Mch np c quy.
Khi ng c diesel lm vic th ng c diesel l ngun cung cp in cho
ton u my, nhng khi ng c cha lm vic th ch c c quy l ngun in
khi ng ng c diesel v cp in cho cc thit b cn dng khc. Sau
c quy c np in nh ngun in my pht in ph trn u my.
Khi my pht in hot ng, dng in c pht ra l 110V. Lc c
quy bt u np in. Mch in do my pht khi ng np in cho c quy
nh sau (hnh 3.4): dng in t my pht MG(Q2) i qua in tr RC,7RS,
thng qua cng tc QKB n c quy GB sau tr v my pht MG(S2).
Nguyn l lm vic:
+ Khi in p u ra ca my pht MG ln hn in p c quy th thng qua
mch in dng in c np vo c quy.
+ Khi in p u ra ca my pht MG thp hn in p ca c quy, do VDR
c t mt it nn c quy s khi c quy s khng th cp in cho cc thit
b ph nh ng c, bm gi