Chng 3

Thit k m hnh chi tit

( Part model)

Chng ny s gii thiu tng quan v cc khi nim, cch s dng cc cng c to cc Feature v trnh t thc hin trong mi trng thit k m hnh chi tit ( Part Model). tham kho thm v cc v d trnh din, ch dn trnh t cc bc ta c th s dng tr gip trc tuyn (onlin Help), Tutorials v Visual SyllabusTM. 3.1. Gii thiu chung: M hnh chi tit (Part Model) l tp hp cc Feature, hu ht cc Feature ny c to ra t phc tho (Sketch). Cc Feature lin kt vi mt Feature khc theo trnh t chng to ra. C rt nhiu cch to m hnh chi tit. Lp k hoch lm vic tt s gip ta to lp v chnh sa m hnh tt hn. M hnh chi tit 3D (3D Part Model) l g ?

M hnh chi tit 3D c th c to bng cch Extrude, Sweep hoc Project mt i tng hnh hc phc tho (Sketch) theo mt ng dn hoc quay n quanh mt trc. Cc m hnh ny thng c gi l cc Solid (vt c) bi v chng c bao gm khi lng, khng ging nh m hnh khung dy (Wireframe Model) nhng m hnh ch c nh ngha bng cc cnh. Cc m hnh Solid trong Autodesk Inventor l Feature-based v Persistent. + Feature-based c ngha l chi tit l t hp ca cc Feature nh l: Cc Hole (l), Flange (G mp), Fillet (v trn), Boss (vu li). Vi Autodesk Inventor ta c th to cc chi tit da trn cc chc nng ca chng. + Persistent c ngha l ta c th thay i cc c im ca Feature bng cch tr li thay i Sketch ca Feature hoc thay i gi tr cc tham s c s dng trong lnh to ra Feature . V d, ta c th thay i chiu di ca mt Extruded Feature bng cch nhp vo gi tr mi cho trng Extent ca lnh Extrude Feature ny. Ta cng c th dng cc biu thc ly ra gi tr kch thc t kch thc khc.

Feature l g ?

Feature l mt b phn ring ca chi tit m c th c chnh sa bt k khi no. C 4 loi Feature: Sketched Feature, Placed Feature, Pattern Feature v Work Feature. + Sketched Feature c to ra da trn mt phc tho hnh hc(Sketch) v c nh ngha bi cc gi tr tham s ta nhp vo khi thc hin lnh to Feature. Ta c th thay i gi tr cc tham s ca Feature v ca phc tho hnh hc. + Placed Feature, v d nh Fillet ( v trn gc) hoc Chamfer (vt gc)... l cc Feature khng i hi mt phc tho ca ring n. to mt Fillet ta c th nhp vo bn knh v trn v chn mt cnh. Cc Placed Feature chun gm c: Shell, Fillet hoc Round, Chamfer v Face draft. + Pattern Feature l mt mng cc Feature hoc mt nhm cc Feature. C th n s xut hin ca cc thnh phn ring trong Pattern nu cn thit. + Work Feature l Work Plane, Work Axis, Work Point. Work Feature c th xc nh v tr v hng ca cc Feature. V d, ta c th to mt Work Plane to vi mt mt ca chi tit (mt A) mt gc nht nh. Nu mt A thay i th Work Plane v cc Feature lin quan ti Work Plane cng s b thay i. Nu ta thay i gc gia Work Plane vi mt A th cc Feature lin quan s thay i tng ng vi hng mi. Khi no ta s dng mi trng Part Model?

Mi trng Part Model c kch hot bt k khi no ta to hoc chnh sa chi tit. Ta s dng mi trng Part Model to hoc chnh sa cc Feature, nh ngha cc Work Feature, to cc Pattern v kt hp cc Feature to thnh chi tit. Dng Browser (ca s duyt) chnh sa cc Sketch hoc cc Feature, n hoc hin cc Feature, to cc ghi ch thit k, to cc Feature thch nghi v truy cp vo cc thuc tnh. Ta c th tm Part Model u ?

Khi m file Part, Part l mc trn nh trong Browser. Khi m file Assembly mi chi tit c lit k ring. Ta c th tm cc Feature c lit k di biu tng Part trong Browser. chnh sa mt Feature, kch chut phi trong Browser hoc ca s ho. T

menu ng cnh ta c th chn Edit Feature a ra cc tham s to Feature hoc chn Edit Sketch a ra cc tham s to Sketch. 3.2. Cc tin ch: Danh sch di y nu mt vi tin ch dng trong mi trng to m hnh chi tit to chi tit. Feature preview: xem trc Feature trc khi to. Feature Editing: Chnh sa hnh dng bn ngoi ca Feature. Work Features: Chn trc tip i tng hnh hc to cc Work Feature Derived parts: To mt chi tit dn xut t mt chi tit c s hoc mt thnh phn trong lp rp. Component color: gn mu v cht lng t bng cho chi tit v gn mu trong sut nh thu tinh khi c mt chi tit khc n sau n. Surface design: Dng cc hnh phc tp ca cc chi tit cht do v tng chnh xc v nng sut.

3.3. Trnh t thc hin: Sketch ban u to chi tit c th c hnh dng n gin d to dng. Sau ta b sung cc Feature, chng ta c th chnh sa sao cho ta c th hon thin thit k nhanh. Ton b qu trnh thit k gm c b sung cc i tng hnh hc, cc chi tit v kch thc, cc rng buc hon chnh m hnh. nh gi thit k bng cch thay i cc quan h v cc rng buc hoc b sung v loi b cc Feature. 3.4. Lp k hoch lm vic: Feature u tin to dng l Feature c s. Sau ta c th to cc Feature b sung hon thin thit k. V cc Feature ny ph thuc trn Feature c s nn lp k hoch lm vic tt c th gim r rt thi gian thit k mt chi tit.

Chi tit hon chnh

Cc Feature con b ct b

Mt s im cn lu trc khi to lp m hnh chi tit: Cn ch r im nhn no l tt nht:

L im nhn m Feature c s thng l Feature ni bt nht trong im nhn ny. Ch ra nhng Feature quan trng nht trong m hnh chi tit:

Nhng Feature ny to lp trc trn c s to lp cc chi tit cn li. Ch ra nhng Feature no yu cu c phc tho, nhng Feature no c th thay th:

C m hnh mt v m hnh solid u c th c n t mt phc tho. Tuy nhin cc Feature nh fillet, chamfer th hon ton khng i hi phc tho. C th dng cc mt phng to v gc to cho thun tin khng?

V d, nu ta to mt trc c ng tm ti gc to , ta c th s dng mt trong cc mt phng to t browser phc tho Li ch ca vic gn cc kiu mu khc nhau cho cc chi tit khc nhau:

Mu sc v sng c th gip phn bit chi tit ny vi chi tit khc.

3.5. To lp cc chi tit mi Khi ta to mt chi tit mi ta c th chn t mt s biu mu (template) c sn vi n v o c nh ngha trc. Mt biu mu c th cha cc thng tin v thuc tnh c sn nh cc thuc tnh v vt liu, cc thng tin v n. Cc biu mu c lu tr trong th mc Autodesk\Inventor4\Templates hoc trong cc th mc con English hoc Metric. Cc th mc con trong th mc Templates c hin th nh cc nt Tabs trong hp thoi New. to mt chi tit mi:

Chn mt biu mu to chi tit t hp thoi New hoc kch chut vo mi tn cnh nt New sau chn Part t menu m rng. m hp thoi New c th chn New t ca s Getting Started hoc kch vo nt New trn thanh cng c chun hoc chn File sau chn New. Ch : Nu chn Part t menu m rng bn trong nt New biu mu Part chun s c m. Nu file Standard.ipt khng c trong th mc Autodesk\Inventor\Templates th mt hp thoi thng bo li s xut hin. Cch to mt biu mu (Template):

M mt file chi tit (Part) v sa li nhng thng tin cn thit sau chn File, chn Save Copy As ghi vo trong th mc Autodesk\Inventor4\Templates. Nu to mt Folder mi trong th mc Templates th th mc s xut hin nh l mt nt Tab trong hp thoi New. nh ngha cc thuc tnh cho chi tit:

Chn File ->Properties. Nhp cc thng tin din t nh ngha chi tit nh cc d liu v n v chi tit, cc thuc tnh v vt liu, n v o, tnh trng chi tit... Nhng thng tin trn cc Tab Summary, Project, Status v Custom cng c bn ngoi Autodesk Inventor thng qua Design Assistant hoc Microsoft Windows Explorer. Ch : bit thm thng tin v Design Assistant xem Design Assistant

- B sung mu cho Feature : Trong ca s duyt kch chut phi vo mt Feature v chn Properties. Trong Feature Color chn mt mu mi. 3.6. To cc Feature c s: Sau khi lp k hoch th t cc bc, ta quyt nh cch to chi tit c s. C th dng hai cch c bn l Extrude v Revolve. Ta c th dng Extrude to cc mt nh l khi ta dng n to cc solid. Ta cng c th dng Loft, Sweep hoc l Coil. Extrude l n mt tit din dc theo mt ng thng. Revolve l quay lin tc mt tit din quanh 1 trc.

Loft to dng Feature bng cch n qua cc thit din thay i. Ta c th to cc phc tho trn nhiu mt lm vic. Loft to ra m hnh c n t mt bin dng ti mt bin dng tip theo. Loft c th n theo mt ng cong. Sweep n mt tit din khng i theo mt ng cong. Coil n mt tit din khng i theo mt ng xon c.

to mt Feature c s: 1. M trc tip mt file Part mi hoc to mt Part trong file lp rp. 2. To mt phc tho bao gm phc tho tit din v ng dn (nu cn). 3. Chn cng c to Feature thch hp. Hp thoi yu cu nhp cc tham s nh ngha cho Feature. Autodesk Inventor chn bin dng kn. Nu c nhiu bin dng kn kch chn bin dng m t tit din cn n. Nu khng thc hin lnh Extrude th cn chn thm ng dn hoc trc quay. 4. Kch OK kt thc vic to m hnh. Thay i ch hin th t 2D sang m hnh 3D. Ta c th to Work Feature khi to chi tit c s. - To cc Work Feature: Kch chut vo nt Work Plane, Work Axis hoc Work Point. Chn mt i tng hnh hc hoc h to mc nh. Autodesk Inventor c th to ra Work Feature t i tng hnh hc chn.

V d nu mun to mt trc lm vic ch cn chn mt u ca mt hnh tr khi trc lm vic c to ra qua ng tm ca hnh tr. Ch : Thng tin chi tit v work Feature xem trn Online Help v Tutorials. 3.7. Quan st cc chi tit: C mt s cch quan st chi tit, cch quan st chi tit mc nh l vung gc vi bin dng phc tho. Khi kch chut phi vo ca s ho v chn Isometric View t menu th vc t quan st s thay i theo hng . Ta cng c th chn Previous View t menu hoc n phm F5 tr li m hnh ca ln quan st trc. Cc lnh dng quan st c t trn thanh cng c chun. Xem Viewing Tools . Ta c th xoay hng quan st theo 3 chiu, quanh mt hoc cc trc to . Cng c Common View l mt glass box (hp trong sut) v cc vector quan st trn mi mt v gc. S dng cng c quay:

Trn thanh cng c chun kch chut vo Rotate. Biu tng quay 3D c hin th trn m hnh. Kch chut vo m hnh chn im quay cho vc t quan st. Di chuyn chut bn trong biu tng quay quay theo 3 chiu, di chuyn chut bn ngoi biu tng quay quay theo mt trc. Kch chut ra bn ngoi vng biu tng kt thc lnh quay. Ta cng c th n phm F4 kch hot lnh ny. S dng cng c Common View:

Trn thanh cng c chun kch chut vo Rotate kch hot lnh Common View n phm SPACEBAR. Khi Rotate c kch hot kch chut vo mt mi tn m hnh s quay cho n khi gc thng hng quan st. 3.8. Chnh sa cc Feature chnh sa mt Feature :

Thay i cc tham s trong lnh to Feature hoc bin dng phc tho. Kch chut phi vo Feature cn sa trong trnh duyt sau chn Edit Feature , Edit Sketch hoc Show Dimensions. Edit Feature s m hp thoi ca lnh to Feature . Edit Sketch kch hot Sketch ca Feature . Show Dimensions hin th

kch thc Sketch . T ta c th chnh sa chng trong mi trng m hnh chi tit. thot khi ch Sketch:

Kch chut vo nt Update. Feature c cp nht v chng trnh thot khi ch Sketch. 3.9. B sung Sketched Features: Mi quan h cha con gia cc Feature ngha l mt Feature iu khin cc Feature khc. Feature c s l cha ca tt c cc Feature khc. C nhiu cp lin h cha/con. Feature con to ra sau Feature cha v Feature cha phi c sn trc. V d ta c th to mt vu ni trn vt c, c th c hoc khng c l khoan(Feature con) trn n tu theo tng ng dng. Vu ni (Feature cha) c th c sn khng c l khoan ( Feature con), nhng l khoan th khng tn ti nu khng c vu ni. B sung mt Sketch Feature :

Cng ging nh khi to Feature c s. Nhng y c 2 im khc l: + Th nht ta phi ch ra Sketch. + Tth 2 l trng hp ny s lng tu chn to Feature nhiu hn. To mt phc tho mi:

Kch chut vo nt Sketch v kch chut vo mt mt trn m hnh chi tit. Bin dng phc tho c nh ngha trn mt li. Nu mun dng Feature trn mt cong hoc mt mt nghing trc tin ta phi dng mt mt lm vic(Work Plane). 3.10. B sung cc Placed Feature: Cc Placed Feature khng yu cu Sketch cho ring n. V d ta ch cn xc nh mt cnh b sung mt Chamfer (vt gc). Dng cng c to Chamfer nh ngha cc tham s cho Chamfer. Cc Placed Feature chun l: Shell, Fillet hoc Round, Chamfer v Face draft. Shell: To chi tit rng vi dy xc nh ca thnh chi tit. Fillet: V trn cc cnh. Chamfer: Vt mp cc gc.

Face Draft: To mt vt trn cc mt. Ta cn chn mt c s v hng vt. B sung Placed Feature:

Kch chut vo nt Placed Feature sau chn Feature cn b sung. + B sung mt l (Hole): To cc im tm l. Ta c th dng im cui ca ng thng lm tm l.Trn thanh cng c Feature kch chut vo cng c Hole sau chn tm l, dng hp thoi Hole nh ngha l.

Cc gc v im tm c chn lm tm ca cc l Cc tham s nh ngha l

3.11. To mng cc Feature (Pattern of Feature): Mt Feature n hoc mt nhm cc Feature c th c nhn bn hoc sp xp trong cc mng. Cc cng c to mng yu cu c mt i tng hnh hc tham chiu nh ngha mng. Ta c th to cc mng bng cch s dng cng c Rectangular v Circular Pattern hoc cng c Mirror Feature. V d dng cng c Rectangular Pattern to mt mng gm 3 hng 4 ct

3.12. Ct cc mt hoc cc chi tit: Cng c Split dng phc tho cc i tng hnh hc ct cc mt hoc cc chi tit. S dng cc i tng hnh hc phc tho to cc ng ct t. Khi ct mt mt, h thng s chia mt c sn theo ng ct t. Khi ct mt chi tit, h thng s ct qua chi tit theo ng ct t v loi b mt na chi tit. - Ct cc mt: To mt phc tho v phc tho ng ct t. Ta c th dng cc i tng hnh hc c nhiu phn to ng ct t. Kch chut vo cng c Split trn thanh cng c Feature. Sau kch chut vo nt Split Face. Chn ng ct v cc mt cn ct. Nu mun ct tt c cc mt trn chi tit kch chut vo nt Part. Nu ng ct khng hon ton ct cc mt cn ct th h thng s t ng ko di n giao nhau. Nt ct mt
Chn cc mt ct ring phn

Ct chi tit:

To mt phng phc tho v phc tho ng ct. Ta c th dng cc i tng hnh hc c nhiu phn to ng ct. Kch chut vo cng c Split trn thanh cng c Feature. Kch chut vo nt Split Part. Chn ng ct v phn ct b. Nu ng ct khng giao vi cc mt cn ct th h thng s t ng ko di n giao nhau. Chn hng ct b vt liu Nt ct chi tit

3.13. Cc cng c to m hnh chi tit Tp hp cc cng c to m hnh chi tit bao gm cc cng c to Feature trn thanh cng c Feature v cc cng c quan st trn thanh cng c chun. - Cc cng c to Feature Mt s cng c Feature c nhiu la chn. Mi tn bn cnh nt cng c ch cho ta c th m rng nt c th nhn thy nhiu la chn hn.
TT

Nt

Cng c

Chc nng

Ghi ch

Extrude

n mt bin dng theo phng vung gc vi phc C th dng to tho to mt khi rn Feature c s hoc m hnh mt Quay lin tc mt bin dng C th dng to quanh 1 trc Feature c s Dng im cui ca mt ng thng hoc tm l lm ng tm l Placed Feature

Revolve

Hole

To mt l trong chi tit

Shell

Khot rng chi tit

Rib

To mt gn cho chi tit

Placed Feature

Loft

To mt Feature c tit din Yu cu c nhiu thay i, c th theo mt mt phng lm ng dn cong vic n mt phc tho bin C th dng to dng theo mt ng dn chi tit c s cong

Sweep

Coil

n mt bin dng theo mt C th dng to ng dn xon c Feature c s To ng ren trong hoc ren ngoi trn chi tit

Thread

10

Fillet

V trn cc cnh

Placed Feature

11

Chamfer

Vt mp cc cnh

Placed Feature

12

Face Draft Split

To khi vt trn cnh Placed Feature chn

13

Ct cc mt theo ng ct hoc ct chi tit theo ng ct.

- M mt mu phn t thit k View Catalog 14 - Chn mt phn t thit k. - To phn t thit k t Feature c sn. Derived To mt chi tit mi t chi Component tit c s Rectangula r Pattern To mt ma trn ch nht Feature

15

16

17

Circular Pattern Mirror Feature

To lot Feature theo ng trn To mt nh i xng qua mt mt, mt ng thng, mt trc

18

19

Work Plane To mt mt lm vic

20

Work Axis

To mt trc lm vic

21

Work Point To mt im lm vic Hin th cc tham s cho cc Feature sa i cc ch s trong equations. To cc tham s b sung

22

Parameters

- Cc cng c quan st Bng ny din t cc cng c dng thay i hng quan st. C th dng cc cng c ny trong tt c cc mi trng.
TT 1

Nt lnh

Cng c Zoom All

Chc nng Hin th ton b cc chi tit trong ca s ho

Ghi ch

Zoom Window

Hin th kn mn hnh vng c chn

Zoom

Di chut phng to hoc thu nh

Pan

Di chuyn v tr m hnh trong ca s ho Hin th kn mn hnh i tng hnh hc c chn

Zoom selected

Rotate

Thay i hng quan st m hnh

Look At

Thay i hng quan st sao cho n vung gc vi i tng hnh hc c chn

Shaded Display Hidden Edge Display

T bng m hnh

T bng m hnh nhng nhn thy cc cnh n

Wireframe Display

T bng m hnh dng khung

Mo: S dng h to mc nh:

Nu ta to trc vi ng tm ti gc to ta c th tham chiu mt trong cc mt phng to khi phc tho bin dng ca cc Feature b sung. B sung cc Work Feature trong qu trnh to chi tit:

Ta c th to cc lp rp mt cch d dng hn nu c sn cc Work Feature trong file part.

Dng chung cc Sketch gia cc Feature:

Cc Sketch dng chung c th dng cho nhiu Feature. Sketch dng chung xut hin ti nh ca ca s duyt. Mt biu tng Sketch c hin th di mi Feature m s dng chng. S dng cc im gii hn To Next v Through All:

Cc Feature to ra c im gii hn s t ng cp nht s thay i ti cc Feature khc. t ch chn:

Ch ra kiu i tng hnh hc ta mun chn lc b cc i tng hnh hc khc. S dng b lc trong ca s duyt:

n cc thnh phn khc trong ca s duyt d dng hn khi tham chiu qua cc Feature.