Case Study

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Soal 2 (15.

8) Tigers Sports Club Tigers Sports Club has to select four separate co-ed doubles teams to participate in an inter-club table tennis tournament. The pre-selection results in the selection of a group of four men-Raul, Jack, Gray, and Ajay-and four women-Barbara, Dona, Stella, and Jackie. Now the task ahead lies in pairing these men and women in the best fashion. The table blow shows a matrix that has been designed for this purpose, indicating how each of the men complements the game of each of the women. A higher score indicates a higher degree of compatibility in the games of the two individuals concerned. Find the best pairs.

Game Compatibility Matrix


Raul Jack Gray Ajay Barbara Dona Stella Jackie 30 20 10 40 70 10 60 70 40 20 50 40 60 70 30 90

Raul Jack Gray Ajay Column Total Total Score

Barbara Dona Stella Jackie Row Total 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 230

Berdasarkan olah data menggunakan Excel OM di atas Pasangan terbaik adalah: Pasangan Ajay Jackie Jack Barbara Gray Stella Raul Dona Total Compatibility Score 90 70 50 20 230

Beerdasarkan olah data menggunakan Excel OM pasangan-pasangan tersebut adalah yang terbaik dan bisa memberikan hasil yang optimal. Urutan-urutan pasangan dilakukan berdasarkan besaran nilai compability scorenya, semakin tinggi nilainya semakin optimal hasilnya pula.

Sebagai catatan Perubahan score Barbara tidak akan mempengaruhi perubahan total score keseluruhan yaitu sebanyak 230. Answer Report
Target Cell (Max) Cell $B$15 Name Total Score Barbara Original Value 0 Final Value 230

Adjustable Cells Cell $B$9 $C$9 $D$9 $E$9 $B$10 $C$10 $D$10 $E$10 $B$11 $C$11 $D$11 $E$11 $B$12 $C$12 $D$12 $E$12 Name Raul Barbara Raul Dona Raul Stella Raul Jackie Jack Barbara Jack Dona Jack Stella Jack Jackie Gray Barbara Gray Dona Gray Stella Gray Jackie Ajay Barbara Ajay Dona Ajay Stella Ajay Jackie Original Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Final Value 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Constraints Cell $B$13 $C$13 Name Column Total Barbara Column Total Dona Cell Value Formula 1 $B$13=1 1 $C$13=1 1 $D$13=1 1 $E$13=1 1 $F$9=1 1 $F$10=1 Status Not Binding Not Binding Not Binding Not Binding Not Binding Not Slack 0 0 0 0 0 0

$D$13 Column Total Stella $E$13 $F$9 $F$10 Column Total Jackie Raul Row Total Jack Row Total

$F$11 $F$12

Gray Row Total Ajay Row Total

1 $F$11=1 1 $F$12=1

Binding Not Binding Not Binding

0 0

Sensitifity Report
Adjustable Cells Cell $B$9 $C$9 $D$9 $E$9 $B$10 $C$10 $D$10 $E$10 $B$11 $C$11 $D$11 $E$11 $B$12 $C$12 $D$12 $E$12 Name Raul Barbara Raul Dona Raul Stella Raul Jackie Jack Barbara Jack Dona Jack Stella Jack Jackie Gray Barbara Gray Dona Gray Stella Gray Jackie Ajay Barbara Ajay Dona Ajay Stella Ajay Jackie Final Reduced Value Cost 0 0 1 0 0 -10 0 0 1 0 0 -50 0 0 0 -10 0 -20 0 -30 1 0 0 -30 0 -20 0 0 0 -40 1 0 Objective Coefficient 30 20 10 40 70 10 60 70 40 20 50 40 60 70 30 90 Allowable Increase 10 1E+30 10 0 10 50 20 10 20 30 1E+30 30 20 0 40 1E+30 Allowable Decrease 10 0 1E+30 10 10 1E+30 10 1E+30 1E+30 1E+30 20 1E+30 1E+30 1E+30 1E+30 0

Constraints Cell $B$13 $C$13 $D$13 $E$13 $F$9 $F$10 $F$11 Name Column Total Barbara Column Total Dona Column Total Stella Column Total Jackie Raul Row Total Jack Row Total Gray Row Total Final Value 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Shadow Price 60 50 50 70 -30 10 0 Constraint R.H. Side 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Allowable Increase 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Allowable Decrease 1 1 1 0 0 0 1E+30

$F$12

Ajay Row Total

20

Limits Report

Cell $B$16

Target Name Total Score Barbara

Value 230

Cell $B$10 $C$10 $D$10 $E$10 $B$11 $C$11 $D$11 $E$11 $B$12 $C$12 $D$12 $E$12 $B$13 $C$13 $D$13 $E$13

Adjustable Name Raul Barbara Raul Dona Raul Stella Raul Jackie Jack Barbara Jack Dona Jack Stella Jack Jackie Gray Barbara Gray Dona Gray Stella Gray Jackie Ajay Barbara Ajay Dona Ajay Stella Ajay Jackie

Value 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Lower Target Limit Result 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 1 230

Upper Target Limit Result 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 1 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 0 230 1 230

Soal 3 (Case Study) Herrers Bicycle Shop, Tilburg, the Netherlands 1. Given the data, can you provide advice to Jo on the order quantity and reorder point? Monthly sales of Flying Dutchman bicycle (in units) 2010 2008 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Forecasted demand Average demand per month Standard deviation of the monthly demand Berdasarkan tabel di atas dapat dilihat: Total permintaan yang diramalkan selama 12 bulan tahun 2010 = 888 bicycles Rata-rata permintaan perbulan 888/12 = 74 bicycles Standar deviasi permintaan perbulan = 57.78 bicycles Order cost = $100/order Cost per bicycle = $200 Holding cost = ($200) (18%) = $36 per year per bicycle 12 23 43 83 162 83 62 33 21 22 42 61 2009 14 26 51 97 193 97 73 39 25 25 51 73 Forecast 16 30 59 113 225 113 85 45 29 29 59 85 888 74 57.78

Oder Quantity Menggunakan POM for Windows INVENTORY RESULTS

Perhitungan manual
= = 2 (Total Demand) (Ordering Cost) Holding Cost 2 888 100) 36

Q = 70,24 units (70 units)

Jadi Order Quantity yang disarankan sebanyak 70,24 units (70 units) GRAFIK KURVA BIAYA

Berdasarkan Grafik Kurva Biaya tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa Order Quantity yang disarankan yaitu sebanyak 70,24 unit (70 unit) bicycles pada Total Cost sebanyak $2,528.56.

Reorder Point (ROP) Menggunakan POM for Windows INVENTORY RESULTS

Perhitungan manual Service level = 95%, dari nilai Z = 1.65 Rata-rata permintaan = 74 Standar deviasi permintaan perbulan= 57,78 ROP = Rata-rata permintaan selama masa lead time () + Z (Standar deviasi permintaan selama masa lead time () ROP = 74 + 1.65 (57.78) = 169.34 bicycles (170 bicycles) Berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan POM for Windows dan perhitungan manual hasil Reorder Point yang disarankan yaitu sebanyak 169.34 bicycles (170 bicycles)

2. If Jo wanted to increase service to 99%, what would the new reorder point be? How much additional holding costs would result? Menggunakan POM for windows INVENTORY RESULTS

Reorder Point apabila meningkatkan service pada level 99% = 208.63 bicycles (209 bicycles) Perhitungan manual Mean leadtime demand = 74 Z Value = 2.33 Standar deviasi = 57.78 ROP = Mean lead time demand + Z x (Standard deviation) ROP = 74 + 2.33 (57.78) = 208.63 bicycles (209 bicycles) Additional holding costs Menggunakan POM for Windows INVENTORY RESULTS

Perhitungan manual Safety stock pada Service Level sebesar 95% = 135 unit Safety stock pada Service Level sebesar 99% = 96 unit Additional units of Safety Stock 135 96 = 39 units setara dengan tambahan $1404 holding cost per tahun Jadi dengan meningkatkan service pada level 99% menghasilkan Reorder Point sebanyak 209 bicycles dengan tambahan 39 unit di safety stock yang setara dengan tambahan $1404 holding cost tiap tahun. 3. What critical assumption is not met in the analysis above? What improvements on the policy can you imagine? Analisis diatas menggunakan model EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) yang merupakan suatu teknik dalam mengontrol inventory. EOQ digunakan untuk meminimalisasikan total biaya order dan holding costs. Tujuan menggunakan model inventory ini yaitu untuk meminimalisir total biaya dengan asumsi adanya biaya signifikan. Teknik ini mengasumsikan semua biaya termasuk biaya inventory itu sendiri adalah konstan. Model ini merupakan model yang sudah sangat terkenal dan banyak digunakan dalam model inventory. Kritik terhadap analisis diatas yaitu hanya berdasarkan rata-rata permintaan bulanan dengan menggunakan analisis Reorder Point (ROP) dan standar deviasinya. Analisis tersebut menghasilkan adanya peluang peningkatan kehabisan persediaan selama masa puncak permintaan bulanan. Kebijakan yang lebih baik apabila menghitung perubahan Reorder Point bulan tertentu. Sebagai pertimbangan: Biaya order dan Carrying cost tidak sama dalam kaitan pembulatan EOQ ke keseluruhan angka. Biaya tabungan dengan menggunakan analisis EOQ ordering policy: Cost under present policy: Cost under EOQ policy: $301,414.00 301,095.45 $ 318.55 (terlalu kecil)

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