The Manual of NEURONICS 32

- -

Part . Function Icon Display

Chapter 1. NEURONICS 32 ------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Chapter 2. NEURONICS 32 --------------------------------------------------------------- 6
(1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Registration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Acquisition ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Review ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Diagnosis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Report ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
(2) Patient Database ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
(3) Search ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
(4) Patient Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
(5) History Database ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
Chapter 3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
(1) Acquisition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
1) Patient Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2) Brain Pannel ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
3) Controls ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
4) Display Option --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
5) Artifact Control -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6) EEG (Electroencephalograph) ----------------------------------------------------------- 18
7) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) ----------------------------------------------------------- 21
8) ERP (Event-related Potential) ------------------------------------------------------------ 23
9) Photic St. (Photic Stimulation) ---------------------------------------------------------- 26
10) HV (Hyperventilation) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
11) SleepEEG -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
12) Spectrum ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
13) Map ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(2) Review ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
(3) Diagnosis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
(4) Report ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Part . Operation Manual

Chapter 1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
(1) ------------------------------------------------------------ 45
(2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Chapter 2. CAP --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
Chapter 3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
Chapter 4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
Chapter 5. (Montage) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
(1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
(2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
(3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Chapter 6. Marking ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Chapter 7. VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) --------------------------------------------------- 60
Chapter 8. ERP (Event-related Potential) ---------------------------------------------------- 62
Chapter 9. (activation) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 64
(1) (Eyes open-closed; EO, EC) --------------------------------------------------- 64
(2) Photic St. (Photic stimulation; PS) ---------------------------------------------------- 66
(3) HV (Hyperventilation) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 68
(4) SleepEEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

Part . Clinical Manual

Chapter 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72
(1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
(2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73
Chapter 2. (QEEG/Mapping System) ------------------------------------------- 77
(1) (QEEG) (Mapping System) ------------------------------------------- 77
(2) NEURONICS 32 Mapping ------------------------------------------------------------- 78
(3) NEURONICS 32 --------------------------------------------------------------- 82
(4) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
Chapter 3. EP (Evoked Potential) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(1) EP --------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(2) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) --------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(3) ERP (Event-related Potential) --------------------------------------------------------------- 100
(4) NEURONICS 32 EP -------------------------------------------------- 104
Chapter 4. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
(1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
(2) ------------------------------------------------------- 113
1) (eyes open: EO, eyes closed: EC) --------------------------------------- 113
2) (hyperventilation: HV) --------------------------------------------------------- 114
3) (photic stimulation: PS) ----------------------------------------------------- 116
4) (sleep activation) ------------------------------------------------------------ 118
(3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
1) (Epilepsy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
2) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 122
3) (Head trauma) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 127
4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128
5) (Infections of brain) --------------------------------------------------------- 129
6) (Cerebral degeneration and atrophy) -------------------------------- 129
7) (Psychiatric disorders) ------------------------------------------------------- 130
8) (Conscious disturbances) ---------------------------------------------------- 130
Chapter 5. (sleep EEG) -------------------------------------------------------------- 132
(1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
(2) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
) Reference -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139

Part . Function Icon Display

Chapter 1. NEURONICS 32 ------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Chapter 2. NEURONICS 32 --------------------------------------------------------------- 6
(1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Registration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Acquisition ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Review ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Diagnosis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Report ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
(2) Patient Database ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
(3) Search ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
(4) Patient Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
(5) History Database ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
Chapter 3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
(1) Acquisition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
1) Patient Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2) Brain Pannel ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
3) Controls ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
4) Display Option --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
5) Artifact Control -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6) EEG (Electroencephalograph) ----------------------------------------------------------- 18
7) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) ----------------------------------------------------------- 21
8) ERP (Event-related Potential) ------------------------------------------------------------ 23
9) Photic St. (Photic Stimulation) ---------------------------------------------------------- 26
10) HV (Hyperventilation) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
11) SleepEEG -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
12) Spectrum ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
13) Map ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(2) Review ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
(3) Diagnosis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
(4) Report ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Chapter 1. NEURONICS 32
NEURONICS 32
.
.
double click .

NEURONICS 32 click .

< NEURONICS 32 >

<>

: , , , , ,
,
Database .
Patient Database: .
Search: .
Patient Information: .
History Database: .
Help

Chapter 2. NEURONICS 32
(1)

- Prev (Previous), Next

.

- Registration

. NEURONICS 32
.
< >

- Acquisition

.
6

< >

- Review

.
< >

- Diagnosis

.
7

< >

- Report

database data
.
(2) Patient Database
Patient Database .
Patient Database .
A. Patient Information Patient Database
.
B. .
C. History Database .
<Patient Data >

(3) Search
, chart ,
I.D .
< >

(4) Patient Information

Patient Information
.
Patient Information .
A. NEURONICS 32 Patient Information New"
.

B. Information OK"
Patient Database .

(5) History Database

History Database
.
A. Search Patient Database .
B. Patient Database History Database
.
C. .

10

Chapter 3.
(1)

Acquisition

< >

1) Patient Information: ,
Chart No, Name, ID .

11

2) Brain Pannel: electrode , 6

.

A. Frontal click
< 7 Brain wave >

12

B. Central click
< 8 Brain wave >

C. Temporal click
< 8 Brain wave >

13

D. Occipital click
< 8 Brain wave >

E. 8Ch click
<8 Channel >

14

F. 32Ch click
<32 Channel >

15

3) Controls: (Start/Stop/REC)

A. Start (): "Start" . Start Brain pannel

status " Ready " Start mode" .

B. Stop (): Stop" . Stop Brain pannel

Status Start mode" Scan Finish" .

C. REC ( ): REC" Brain pannel Status

"Start mode" Recording Mode" .

16

4) Display Option: Epoch/Gain

A. Epoch: 1 (Sec) 1 ~ 10 Epoch

, Epoch .

B. Gain: .

17

5) Artifact Control: Artifacts (, , )

filtering
ARTIFACTS filtering.
Operator Artifact Level .

6) EEG (Electroencephalograph): EEG

, EEG ,
.
A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

B. EEG EEG .

18

C. Start" 32channel .

D. Review 32channel .

19

E. Diagnosis 32channel Brain Mapping .

F. Report

20

7) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential):

.
VEP 100msec
. P100 . O1, Oz, O2 (Occipital)

.

Stimulus type:

Stimulus rate: 2Hz (1 / 500msec)

A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

B. VEP VEP .

21

C. Start" .

D. F4" .

E. Diagnosis .

22

mapping .
8) ERP (Event-related Potential):
.
, ,
,
.
(Parietal Area) 90~130ms Negative
Potential (N100) 280~360ms Positive Potential (P300) .
N100 P300 .

Stimulus type: 740Hz, 1480Hz 60ms

Stimulus rate: 4:1 1 .

A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

23

B. AEP ERP .

C. Start" ..

D. F4" .

24

E. Diagnosis .

mapping .

25

9) Photic St. (Photic Stimulation):

A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

B. Photic St.
.

26

C. Start" ..

27

D. .

28

10) HV (Hyperventilation):
A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

B. HV
.

29

C. Start" . ( 60 , 120 , 180

.

C. .

30

11) SleepEEG:
A. Acquisition"
NEURONICS 32

B. SleepEEG
.

31

12) Spectrum: .
(FP1, FP2, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2)

13) Map: Brain map .

(Delta wave, Theta wave, Alpha wave, Beta wave)

32

(2)

Review

Brain Pannel click .

32R click .

33

12LB click .

12R-1 click .

34

12R-2 click .

12TB click .

35

Amplitude click amplitude , .

Filter click Digital Filter , Filter .

36

Full screen click Raw data .

Save/Process click Raw data .

37

Power click Power Spectrum .

38

(3)

Diagnosis

Intensity Local & Global scale

Intensity (FFT)
.
Intensity + Global Scale click

39

Intensity + Local Scale click

Relative + Global scale

.
Relative + Global Scale click

Relative + local scale

,
.

40

Relative + Local Scale click

Color Bar click

41

Memo click

Pen click

42

Save click

(4)

Report

Print click Report lay out .

43

Part . Operating Manual

Chapter 1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
(1) ------------------------------------------------------------ 45
(2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Chapter 2. CAP --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
Chapter 3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
Chapter 4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
Chapter 5. (Montage) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
(1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
(2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
(3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Chapter 6. Marking ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Chapter 7. VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) --------------------------------------------------- 60
Chapter 8. ERP (Event-related Potential) ---------------------------------------------------- 62
Chapter 9. (activation) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 64
(1) (Eyes open-closed; EO, EC) --------------------------------------------------- 64
(2) Photic St. (Photic stimulation; PS) ---------------------------------------------------- 66
(3) HV (Hyperventilation) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 68
(4) SleepEEG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

44

Chapter 1.
(1)
1. NEURONICS 32 .

2. ,
.

3.

, Patient information New

.( chapter 1-2. )

4. Information , . OK .

45

 Name / ID ( 6 ) / Symptoms

5. . (
.

46

(2)
1 ~ 2. Chapter 1-1 1 ~ 2
3. Patient Database . (

Or
Patient Database , History Database New Acquisition
. (

4. .
(

47

Chapter 2. CAP
1. Cap Cable .
2. Cap ( ) , Ground Cap .
(, )
3. reference , Electro gel .

4. .
5. .

48

Chapter 3.

1.

EEG . (Chapter 1. )

2. Cap . (Chapter 2. )

3. START . (

Gel

4. Cap Ground Gel .

49

5. Ground Gel (Gel

).
6. Raw data . ( -> )
Raw data Gel .
<Gel >

7. .
( . / : 5 (300epoch))
8. .
REC . (

9. .

Time bar

50

10. Review . (

11. Diagnosis (

) , .

( Chapter 4. )

12. Print Report (

) , Print .

51

Chapter 4.
1 ~ 2. Chapter 1-1 1 ~ 2
3. Patient Database . (

4. History Database . (

52

Chapter 5. (Montage)
(1)
(Diagnosis) . (Chapter 4. )

1. , Review . (

2. Review - Brain Pannel .

Brain Pannel
-

53

3. . ( 8 )

4. , .

54

(2)
1.

2.

3.

Reference
, Destination
.

4.

8
.

55

(3)
1. , Montage .

2. , , . ,
Brain .

56

Chapter 6. Marking
1. Acquisition (

) or Review (

) raw data , Marking

, .

2. Marking , Marking .

57

3. Marking , Marking Marking [User Comment] .

4. Comment Comment , OK , .

5. Comment Comment , , Going to

marked or commented .

58

6. Mark & Comment List , list Comment , Move on

the Mark or Delete , .

59

Chapter 7. VEP (Visual Evoked Potential)

1.

2. START " (

VEP . (Chapter 1. )

) ,

3. F4 " .

4. 100 , .

5. Diagnosis . (

60

6. Diagnosis graph Brain Map

. ( 3 )

61

Chapter 8. ERP (Event-related Potential)

1.

2. START " (

AEP . (Chapter 1. )

) ,

3. Cap . ( .)
4. .
F4 " .
( .)

5. 50epoch , .
62

6. .

7. Diagnosis . (

8. Diagnosis graph Brain Map

. ( 3 )

63

Chapter 9. (activation)


(activation)
1)
.
2) .
3)
.

(activation)
1) (eyes open-closed)
2) (hyperventilation)
3) (photic stimulation)
4) (sleepEEG)

(1) (Eyes open-closed)

1.

SleepEEG . (Chapter 1. )

2. . (Chapter3 2~6. )
3. , ,
REC (

) .

(cf. : , , 5~10
( , ) .)
4. . ( Marking - * Marking Chapter 6. )
64

5. STOP (

6. Review (

) .

), .

65

(2) Photic St. (Photic stimulation)

1.

Photic St. .

(Chapter 1. )

2. START " (

) .

3. , ,
REC (

) .

(cf. : 15~30 cm , &

. .
10 , 10 10
. NEURONICS 32 6Hz, 9Hz, 12Hz, 15Hz, 18Hz, 21Hz Setting . )

66

4. . ( )

Time bar (Total: 120 )

67

(3) HV (Hyperventilation)

1.

2.

START " (

HV . (Chapter 1. )

) ,

HV Time Setting .

3.

, .
(cf. : 2~3 .)
, REC (

4.

) .

. .

68

5.

0 sec , .
(60 sec )

6.

60 , .

& Time bar (HV Time Setting + 60)

69

(4) SleepEEG

1.

SleepEEG . (Chapter 1. )

2. START . (
3. Raw data .

Raw data Gel .

<Gel >
4. .
( . / : 9 )
5. .
REC . (

6. , .
7. STOP (

70

), .

Part . Clinical Manual

Chapter 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72
(1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
(2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73
Chapter 2. (QEEG/Mapping System) ------------------------------------------- 77
(1) (QEEG) (Mapping System) ------------------------------------------- 77
(2) NEURONICS 32 Mapping ------------------------------------------------------------- 78
(3) NEURONICS 32 --------------------------------------------------------------- 82
(4) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
Chapter 3. EP (Evoked Potential) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(1) EP --------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(2) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) --------------------------------------------------------------- 99
(3) ERP (Event-related Potential) --------------------------------------------------------------- 100
(4) NEURONICS 32 EP -------------------------------------------------- 104
Chapter 4. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
(1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
(2) ------------------------------------------------------- 113
1) (eyes open: EO, eyes closed: EC) --------------------------------------- 113
2) (hyperventilation: HV) --------------------------------------------------------- 114
3) (photic stimulation: PS) ----------------------------------------------------- 116
4) (sleep activation) ------------------------------------------------------------ 118
(3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
1) (Epilepsy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
2) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 122
3) (Head trauma) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 127
4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128
5) (Infections of brain) --------------------------------------------------------- 129
6) (Cerebral degeneration and atrophy) -------------------------------129
7) (Psychiatric disorders) ------------------------------------------------------- 130
8) (Conscious disturbances) ---------------------------------------------------- 130
Chapter 5. (sleep EEG) -------------------------------------------------------------- 132
(1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
(2) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
71

Chapter 1.
(1)
1) (Electroencephalogram; EEG)
(summation) ,
(intact scalp) .
1~60 Hz 5~300 V ( 20~100 V)
. , , ,
, , .
(scalp EEG) ,
(ECoG, Electrocorticogram),
(sphenoidal electrode EEG), (foramen ovale electrode EEG),
(depth electrode EEG) .
electroencephalogram (EEG) , ,
, .
2)
, ,
. ,
. 1 (epilepsy),
, , , , .
. ,
.
,
. .
,
.
3)

(Epilepsy) : , , , ,
, , ,

:

: , ,

: ,

:

: (narcolepsy), ,
72


: , ,

73

(2)
1)
10 ~20 (10-20 system) .
10-20 .
(Frontal), (Central), (Parietal), (Temporal), (Occipital) , Fp
(Frontal pole) .
(Cz)
(nasion), (inion), 50 20,
20, 10% , .
5~6 cm(3~4 cm).
, 19 2
21 . , , Z
(zero) .
<10 20 >

2) (Polarity)
Channel (CH) G1 (Grid 1) G2 (Grid 2)
,
. . 1 (G1)
2 (G2) (Negative) ,
(Positive) .
(Monopolar derivation), (referential derivation)
G1 G2 .
electrical field (average electrode) .
0 0 ,
G1 G2 .
NEURONICS 32 .
74

- :
- , :
- :


-
. ,
() .
- .
- , .


- , .
- .
< >

(Bipolar derivation)
G1 G2 ,
.

- () : .
- :
.
- :
- Aird:
* 2 .

- .
75

- .
- .

- .
- .
- .
< >

3)
International Federation of Society for EEG and Clinical Neurophysiolgy 10-20
system 21
electrical field . 8, 12, 16, 21 ,
.
(pattern) (montage) . NEURONICS 32 32
8 .
,
.
 Block Montages:

76

 .
.

Alternating Montages:
. .
.

- .
- .
- .
- , .
- .
- .

.
.
.
. . 16
.



<8 >

77

Chapter 2. (QEEG/Mapping System)

(1) (QEEG) (Mapping System)
1) (QEEG/Mapping System)

(positron emission tomography, PET) (single photon emission
computed tomography, SPECT),
.
Goldstein Marjerrison
1972 Itile
. 10 ~ 20 19 (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, F3,
F4, Fz, T3, T4, C3, C4, Cz, T5, T6, P3, P4, Pz, O1, O2) (Fpz, Oz)
21 . Linked-ear-reference
artifact .
NEURONICS 32 11 (FTC1, FTC2, TCP1, TCP2, TT1, TT2, CP1, CP2, PO1, PO2, Oz)
32 .

.
100 .

. , (spectral
analysis), (nonlinear dynamic method) , (fractral
analysis) .
2) (FFT)
.
sine cosine , sine
cosine 19
.
sine cosine epoch
.
spectral power (absolute power) . power
(V2) . 1 1
power
20-30 1-2 artifact power .

78

3)

.

. .
i.

ii.

( msec)
. (epileptiform spike) .

iii.

.
(rhythmic triphasic
wave) delta .

iv.

artifact . artifact
.

(2) NEURONICS 32 Brain Mapping

1) Rawdata Artifact Artifact Reduction

Artifact

(wave)
(artifact) (distortion), (noise), .
artifact electrical activity .
,
.
, , ,
Artifact
Reduction . artifact
physiological artifact nonphysiological artifact
.
4 .
1)
2)
3)
4)

79

< >

< >

<(ECG) >

<(EOG) >

<(eye blinking)>

<>

<>

<>

Artifact Reduction

NEURONICS 32 NEURONICS 32 Review rawdata

. (filtering) epoch
rawdata artifact .

80

<Artifact Reduction 1> ( )

<Artifact Reduction 2> : rawdata .

- : Artifact reduction

81

<Artifact Reduction 3>:

2) Brain Mapping
Brain Mapping , ( , V)
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Power spectrum .
Delta (0-3Hz), Theta (4-7Hz), Alpha (8-13Hz), Beta (14Hz) Power spectrum
, 32 , 4 Brain Map (Delta Map, Theta
Map, Alpha Map, Beta Map) Mapping
.
<Brain Mapping 1>

82

<Brain Mapping 2>

<Brain Mapping 3>

(3) NEURONICS 32
1)

(Background Brain Wave, Background EEG, Background Brain Activity) ,

BEAM(Brain Electrical Activity Mapping) .
2)
83

 Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta . Alpha

Alpha Delta, Theta (slow wave), Alpha
Beta (fast wave) . (intermediate fast: 1417Hz), Beta (18-30 Hz), Gamma (30Hz) . Alpha 8Hz
slow Alpha wave, 13Hz fast Alpha wave ,
, .
< >

< >

84

< >

1.
2. : 10 150 V
, , .

wave
(8-13Hz)

, , .
, , .
9-12 Hz, 20-50 V .
(waxing and waning) .
3. : Very relaxed, passive attention
1. (slow wave)

wave
(0-3Hz)

2. : 100 200 V
(deep sleep) .
, , .
.
1. (slow wave)
2. : 10 50 V , .
5 7Hz ,

wave
(4-7Hz)

.
, .
60 .
, .
3. : Deeply relaxed, inwardly focused
1. (fast wave)
2. : wave 5 10 V , .
.

wave
(14Hz)

(, )
.
3.
High Beta (18-32Hz)- High Correlation with anxiety when dominant
Mid Beta (15-18Hz)- Active, external attention
SMR Beta (12-15Hz)- Relaxed, external attention * SMR: sensory motor rhythm

4)
2% 1000 ~ 1500g
.
() ,
. 2 ~ 4mm ,
6 .

85

 , , ,
, , . ,
, . 4
, , , .
< >



: ,
, , ,
. .
, Broca
.

: , .
Wernicke
.
.

: .
. ,
.
.

: .
, , , ,
.
.
86

. , , ,

, , ,
, , ,

,
: ( )

( , )
: ( ), ( )


, ,

, ,
, ,

( )
: ,

1. : .
, , ,
.

2. : ,

.
3. :
. .
1. : .
.

2. :
.
3. : .
.

87

5) Relative local Brain map

Alpha Map Theta Map Beta Map
. Alpha Map ,
Alpha Theta Beta
Theta Map Beta Map .
Relative-local scale , % scale bar
.
<Diagnosis Tab: Brine Map>

<Brain Map / >

scale bar
Min-Max scale %scale Min-Max scale
.

,

.

. , / .
Relative local scale Min-Max scale
,

.

88

6) Brain Map
<Brain Map >
Delta Map

Theta Map

Alpha Map

Beta Map

 Delta
. , Delta ,
.
 Theta /
.
 Alpha ,
/ .
 Beta /
.
<Normal Map: >

89

(4)

Brain Mapping

Brain Map
.


Map .

Case study
.

(, , ) Brain map
.

1)
Case 1.

90

91

Case 2.

2)
Case 1.

92

Case 2.

3) &
Case 1.

93

Case 2.

4)
Case 1.

94

95

Case 2.

5)

96

6) &

7)
Case 1.

97

Case 2.

8) & , &
Case 1.

98

Case 2.

9)
Case 1.

99

Case 2.

10) : ADHD
Case 1.

100

Case 2.

Case 3.

101

Chapter 3. EP (Evoked Potential: )

(1) EP
,
, , EP (Evoked Potential; )
.
,
.
, ,
. (visual evoked potential: VEP),
(brainstem auditory evoked potential: BAEP), (somatosensory
evoked potentials: SSEP), (Event related Potential) . NEURONICS
32 (VEP) (ERP or AEP)
.
(2) VEP (Visual Evoked Potential; VEP, )
(Oz, O1, O2)
. ,
(stroboscopic flash), (macula)
(checker board) .
NEURONICS 32 .

.
100msec (P100)
,
. .
(demyelination) ,
.
. Brain Map 106ms
(P100; 100ms ) O1, Oz, O2 .
< >

102

(3) ERP (Event - related Potentials; ERP, )

. ,
fMRI PET
. (temporal resolution) .
(positive potential) (negative potential)
(peak) (component) , (polarity)
(latency) . 300ms
P300 400ms
N400 . , 200ms
N100 N200 (early peak) 200ms
P300, N400, slow-wave (late cognitive component) .
oddball (Sutton, 1965),
P3 (P300) .
()
. ,
. ,
. (standard stimulus)
; (target stimulus).
Fz, Cz, Pz P300 .
1000Hz 2000Hz . 200
160( : 80%), 40( 20%) . Pz P300
, Fz .
< P300>

P3 ,
P300 ,
.

103

 , P3
.
NEURONICS 32 oddball .
740Hz ( ), 1480Hz ( ), 60ms ( :
= 4:1) 1 .
1) ERP
ERP / (endogenous/exogenous)
.
(exogenous)
ERP . brainstem .
6ms ,
.
(endogenous)
, .
,
. P3 (P300)
, , (task relevance)
.
2)
100 250ms (selective
attention) N100 (elementary feature analysis)
N200 .
.
N100
100 - 150ms N100
.
N100 .
(stimulus set) . (Hillyard, 1973)
N200
200ms N200 P300 . P300
N200
N200 (Oken, 1989). N200
Natanen (1982) Ritter (1982) N200
(identification) . N200

104

 .
3) P300 (P3, )
P300 1965 Sutton ,
300ms . P300

(endogenous potentials), .
, P300 .
,

.
P300 ERP .
, .
P3

(Campbell

1996),

(Pefferbaum 1979) .
P300 Hegerl (1985)
.
.
<a. b. >

(Alzheimer) , P300
105

 , .
. entorhinal , (amygdale), (hippocampal)
allocortical dipole .
< P300 >
a. , b. P300 , c.
* P300: common average reference

106

(4) NEURONICS 32 EP
1) EP (Evoked Potential)
ERP (oddball)
VEP (: checker board)
: OZ, O1, O2 ()
: 1)

ERP (: oddball)
: P3, PZ, P4, C3, CZ, C4 ()
: 1)
2) /

2)
3)

1) P100 (delayed P100 latency)
2) P100
(poor or no wave formation)

3)

1) N100, N200, P300 (delayed
N100, N200, P300 latency)
2) N100, N200, P300
(poor or no wave formation)

: P100 (amplitude) ,
(Chippa Ropper, 1982)
. P300
, , ,
. (Squires , 1976)
2) EP
VEP

ERP

P100 100ms

P100

100ms Brain Map

300ms Brain Map

107

2)
/
: OO , : , : 12, :
<VEP>

<ERP>

N100, N200, P300

P100

300ms Brain Map

(200~250ms )

P100

100ms Brain Map

: OO , : , : 13, : ,
<VEP>

<ERP>

P100

N100, N200, P300

(150~200ms )

108

Chapter 4.
(1)
1)
. . .

10Hz Alpha wave , Occipital, parietal area Alpha wave

amplitude . occipital dominance () .

Frontal, Central, fronto-temporal area occipital area , fast

wave .

amplitude cycle .
occipital parietal area .
50% abnormal . amplitude
abnormal .

: slow wave .
burst .

: , Theta wave . amplitude .

: amplitude . . , Theta
waves Alpha waves .

: Alpha wave .
. amplitude .

: 14~15 20 .

: Alpha wave . ( .)
2)
basic wave () paroxysmal wave () , .
1) Cycle, amplitude, rhythm, shape of wave
2) Slow wave fast wave , cycle, amplitude, continuity
(rhythm), quantity
Basic wave

3) Dominancy, Lt-Rt difference, localization, lazy

4) Reactivity
5) age
6) awakening sleep

109

1) shape of wave spike, spike and slow wave, slow wave

2) cycle, amplitude, rhythm
3) location generalized, asymmetry, localized,
4) chronologic dist ribution few, scattered, continuous, frequent,
Paroxysmal
wave

rhythmic, migratory
5) cycle both hemisphere synchronous, unilateral
6) phase reversal
7) stimulus response
8) age
9) awakening sleep
1) abnormal wave provocation

provocation

2) hyperventilation build up
3) photic stimulation driving

(Dysrhythmia)

Alpha rhythm , amplitude ,

pattern dysrhythmia .

: Epilepsy brain disease .

110


: Sleep EEG paroxysmal wave () hump sleep spindle

. amplitude ,
. sleep spindle
bilateral synchronous ( ) .
Alpha (Diffuse Alpha pattern)

, EEG amplitude Alpha waves

. ,
. diffuse Alpha pattern .

: cerebral arteriosclerosis ( ), hypertension ()
.

(spike)

111


:
Negative spike ()
: Epilepsy . Spike
. Spike focus , .
Brain tumor () cerebral vascular disease ()
.
Positive spike ()
: limbic system (), brain stem () ,
. Psychomotor seizure( )
.

positive spike . ( )

: , epilepsy .
metabolic disorder, brain tumor . Paroxysmal slow waves
, .
112

(Spike and slow wave complex)

: spike slow wave , spike and slow wave complex

paroxysmal . 3Hz spike and slow wave complex
, bilateral synchronous ( ) .

(Spike - and slow wave complex variant)

: spike and slow wave complex 3Hz .

(2~2.5Hz) (4Hz) .
variant() . type seizure .

113

(Multiple spike and slow wave complex)

: 2 spike slow wave multiple spike and slow

wave complex . Myoclonus epilepsy () ,
, .
.

(Diffuse bilateral synchronous)

: slow wave, spike, spike and slow wave complex

.
impulse EEG .
origin
114

 . (ex. )

: slow waves , metabolic disorder

(), inflammatory disorder ( ), vascular injury both
hemisphere diffuse .

Theta (FIRDA)

Frontal area 1.5 3Hz regular sinusoidal () big slow waves

bilateral synchronous ( ) . Unilateral .
frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) .

subcortical,

centrencephalic

area

movement eye lid movement artifacts .

115

Eye

(2) (Activation procedures)

, ,
, .
(activation) .
raw data .


.
.

.

- (eyes open-closed), (hyperventilation), (photic stimulation),
(sleep activation)
1) (eyes open: EO, eyes closed: EC)

, 5 ~ 10
( , ) . , ,
. ,
. 1
.

Alpha (-blocking) ,
. Alpha
.

 Alpha
.
 -blocking
. -rhythm
occipital spike .
 Alpha ,
Alpha (diffuse pattern) ,

116

 , ( ,
, , , , , ) .
 , ( , )
,
(), () .
 (narcolepsy) ,
Alpha ,
- (paradoxical -blocking) .
< Alpha >

2) (hyperventilation: HV)

1 20~30 3
. 2~3 .
. 4~5
.

,
. build up .
build up ,
. ,
. () ,
.
build up 30 ~ 1
. 1 build up (prolonged
build up) , . build up

117

 , .
< (HV) build up >

 (: absence) (petitmal
seizure) 3Hz (spike and slow wave
complex) . 5~10
.
 (in older patients with generalized myoclonic seizures)
Spikes polyspike and slow wave .
 1
(low serum glucose or cerebral ischemia) .
 build up build up
re-build up , moyamoya .
< ( build-up) >

118

 , ,
. , ,
. ,
.
3) (photo stimulation: PS)

(stroboscope) 15~30 cm
, .
1~30Hz (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30Hz) ,
10 , 10 10
. check
. ,
.
.
( 3 )

(photic driving) . , ,
. ,
. ( 30% ),
. ,
photic driving .
8~15Hz . Alpha
(driving) .
() 11
(fundamental driving) , 12 13
(second or third harmonic driving), 1 1/2
(subharmonic driving) , . 3
.
 (photic driving): (predominance)
. 6 ,
. 3Hz
, .
(reticular formation) .

119

<(9 Hz) (Photic driving)>

<12Hz >

 (photic myoclonic response): (

artifact) .
(EMG) . , myoclonic
. - 1:1
, . ,
, , ,
.
 (photic convulsive response): (epileptiform)
. 5~15% , -
.
, .

 , Alpha
,
.
120

 (photic convulsive response): .

, ,
.
<16Hz >

4) (sleep activation)

.
stage, ( ) , REM
. , (temporal lobe epilepsy)
. (hump) (spindle)
(lazy activity)
.

.
stage , .
, .
stage 1~2 10~20
(stage 2) . ,

2~3 . 15
,
.

- (shield room).
-

121

 .
- .
- .
- , .


. ,

secobarbital,

flurazepam,

pentobarbital, amobarbital , .
, , , ,
.
3~5 .

- : () .
- .
- 14 & 6 Hz (14 & 6 Hz positive spike): .
, .
- (hump) (spindle)
(lazy activity) .

122

(3)
1) (Epilepsy)

.
. (neuron) , clinical examination
. (Paroxysmal) cerebral dysrhythmia (
) , EEG ,

.

(Epiletic seizure) .
.
(centrencephalic epilepsy), (lesion)
(cortical epilepsy) .

(Centrencephailc epilepsy)

A. .
123

Ex) Grand mal epilepsy ( ), Petit mal epilepsy ( )

B. 2
.
Ex) West syndrome (), Lennox syndrome ( )

(Cortical epilepsy)

C. , .
Ex) Localized motor epilepsy
D. .
Ex) Jacksonian seizure
E. ,

Ex) mirror focus

Temporal lobe epilepsy( )

EEG (frontotemporal) (temporal) spike

124

, (unilateral) .

spikes (orbital gyrus), (limbic system)

.

, , , , , , ()
.

(psychomotor epilepsy) .

(impulse) (contralateral hemisphere)

.

2)

(Brain tumor) (head trauma) ,

A. (neuron) , EEG .
B. (edema) EEG .
C. EEG .

(tumor)

125

 tumor , (Neuron) (A)

EEG . (B, C) , EEG
. (D) .

(subcortex) , cortex (C)

. Alpha waves
. (A, B, C) .

126

 , slow waves () focus .

(C, D) , (A, B),
. Ex) metastatic tumor

127

Thalamus , synchronous
. , .
spike and slow wave complex ()
FIRDA ( Delta ) .

(increased ICP)

Alpha

(Hydrocephalus) , CSF , (ICP)

. , (ventricle) .
, EEG .

128

, ,
EEG .
(Cerebrovascular disease)

Cerebral thrombosis cerebral hemorrhage organic, functional disturbance

Middle cerebral artery , EEG .
.
129

(Anterior cerebral artery), (posterior cerebral artery)

, collateral circulation
EEG frontal occipital . EEG abnormality
(middle cerebral artery) .

Subdural hematoma EEG . ,

130

 . .
Hematoma , ,
hematoma . Epidural hematoma .

Subarachnoid hemorrhage EEG .

, slow waves
. .
3) (Head trauma)

, ,
EEG . EEG
. (EEG) (X-ray, CT, Ultrasonograph, Physical examination )
. EEG . ,
, . EEG .

131

4)

, EEG . ,
.
precoma state triphasic waves . Coma ,
. slow waves .
(Hypoglycemia)

132

 , slow waves .
, . generalized convulsion .
EEG glucose .
EEG . EEG
.
5) (Infections of brain)

Serous meningitis EEG , slow waves .

Purulent meningitis , slow waves
. encephalitis
. slow wave
EEG . Delta waves bilateral
paraxymal abnormal waves .
.
6) (Cerebral degeneration and atrophy)

133

 , EEG ,
, . ,
slow waves . Myelin basal ganglia
EEG . ,
degeneration . EEG
localized atrophy .
7) (Psychiatric disorders)

EEG .
. Microcephaly, Downs syndrome, PKU (phenylketonuria) , EEG
.
A. , B. , C. , D.
8) (Conscious disturbances)

EEG . EEG
.
.
134

Space occupied lesion . Brain stem

spindle . spindle
coma . Alpha waves EEG
Alpha coma . .
EEG .

135

Chapter 5.
(1)


. .
(2)
stage stage W, stage 1,2,3,4, stage REM 6 .
Retchtshaffen Kales (1968)
APSS (associartion for the psychological study of sleep)
.
< polygram ( % time, * )>
(Rechtschaffen, A., Kales, A. , 1968)

1) Stage W (: wakefulness)

.
.
,
.
30 ~ 50V, 8 ~ 12 Hz 10 ~ 20

136

V .
, . EMG () () artifact
.
< (awake) ()>

2) Stage 1: ,


(: drowsy stage, stage of ripple wave)

,

(50% ), , 2
~ 7 Hz , ,

( : ripple wave) .
< (stage of ripple wave)>

137

 (spike)
, (complex partial seizure)
.

(synchrous) 4 ~ 6 Hz ()( , ( wave) )
. (positive occipital
sharp transient of sleep: POSTS) . ,
stage 2 .

(very light sleep, stage of hump wave)

, Gibbs & Gibbs

- , 2~3
(100 ~ 200V) . (: hump)
(vertex sharp wave: V) (central sharp wave)
(hump wave) . (hump) (
) .
< (stage of hump wave)>
(C3, C4) (P3, P4) (hump)

3) Stage 2: (: light sleep, stage of mixure of hum and spindle)

Stage 2 12 ~ 14Hz (sleep spindle) K (K-complex)
. , . ,
.
.

138

<, (stage of mixure of hum and spindle)>

(hum) , 14Hz (spindle)

- , 50 ~ 100V
12 ~ 14 Hz 0.5 ~ 2 ,
(spindle phase) .
(sigma rhythm)
.
K- 2~3 ,
POSTS .
< (stage 2) () K-complex ()>

139

4) stage 3: (moderately deep sleep)

Stage 3 .
(spindle & slow
wave phase) .
(75V ) , 2Hz 20 ~ 50%
, K , , POSTS .
5) Stage 4: (deep sleep, stage of hill wave)
, ,
(100V ) , 2Hz 50% ,
(: stage of hill wave) .
non-REM sleep
, stage 3, 4 (slow wave sleep) .
< (stage of hill wave)>
50% (hill wave)

6) REM (REM sleep, stage REM)

stage 4 () stage 1 () ,
2~7Hz , (rapid eye
movement: REM) REM .
,
, , , , ,
( ) .

140

<REM (stage REM)>

REM stage 1 (ripple wave phase) (EOG)
, EMG () .

REM
(paradoxical sleep) .
,
. , ,
.
3~4 ,
,
. 24 ,
.
90 90
. ->
(cycle) . ,
.

- (non-REM; NREM sleep) . - (non-REM
sleep) ,
.
REM



EMG () .

(threshold) .

( 90 ) .

141

< >

stage
W

(Wakefulness)

(gradual reduction
,

stage

(drowsiness)

phase)

(ripple phase)

(very light
sleep)

(hum wave phase)

(hum & spindle
wave phase)

stage

(light sleep)

(spindle
wave phase)

stage
3

(hill wave phase)

(deep sleep)

(50% )

.

2
3 .
1

12 ~ 14Hz

0.5 .

K-complex ( )

E
M

sleep)

() -blocking

20~50%

(moderate

50%

2Hz , 75V

stage

.
2Hz , 75V
50%
.

2~7 Hz ,

stage
REM

(early morning
sleep)

(null phase)

( 3~5,

90)

()

142

) Reference
1.

. . Vol. 13(2). 2004

2.

4. . J Korean Neuropsychiatr
Assoc Vol 37(6), 1998

3.

, . . . 1999

4.

4. P300 P300 ,
. J Korean Neuropaychiatr Assoc Vol 34(1), 1995

5.

3. P300 . J
Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 40(6), 2001

6.

, . . J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol

30(4). 1991

7.

. . . 2004

8.

, , . . . 1. 2001

9.

. 5, . . . 2002

10. . . . 1999
11. 1. . . 1997
12. . . . 1995
13. , . P100 Global Field
Power Measurement classical Method , J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 34(6).
1995
14. , . P300 . J
Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 37(1), 1998

143