Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aaharasazaung Issue 96
Aaharasazaung Issue 96
1
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
2
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
rmwdum
23 &J & if h a tmif
2 cspfaomrdwfaqGnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;odkU vufxu J reufjzef
uAsm 30 wd k ; av;
6 tmum t*wd rvdu k pf m;vdæ
k æ/
t&if;yifr& 32 tm[m&0d k i f ; awmf o m;wOD ;
7 &J & if h o uf Z G J tm[m&pmtkypf if
cGJ&r,fhw&m; 43 armifpdk;csdef
8 csrf ; jr &efola±G;wJhvrf;ææ/
tdrfjyefcsifw,f 37 rsKd;jrifh
8 wm&mrif ; a0 ordik ;f OD;bHak jr ææ/
ewfyl;wJhaumif
9 Zmenf a rmif 0wÅKwdk
rdrdudk,fudk--- 16 armif o pf q if ;
10 ppf a 0;(jynf ) yHo
h ul
E$&J r,fyh JG
rd k ; a0;
txl ; aqmif ; yg;
11
12 armif p G r f ; &nf
jrpf0uíe;f ay:
'Dru
kd a&pDEiS jhf ynfaxmifp/k
11 ES i f ; cg;rd k ;
yifv,f"g;jy/ trS w f w &aqmif ; yg;
21 pH n d r f ; OD ; 26 ewfEG,f
ewfprd ;f "g;awmiftvGefæææ
22 xl ; wif h 33 +id r f ; a0
pdwf"gwfrD;v#H zdk;armifpdwf"gwfæææ
44 udkaomf(PRMG) 37 '*k e f w m&m
um&Hr,fhuAsm/ vGecf ahJ omtESpf 40 æ æ
46 aqmif ; ,G e f ; v bmomjyef a qmif ; yg;
rsuf&nf,dkAHk;
40 armif & if
48 0 Vm
±Sdae&m±Smp&mrvdk Adv
k cf sKyfajymwJEh ikd if aH &;/
armif t m[m&
tawG ; tjrif E S i f h o k w ?&o aqmif ; yg;
?&oaqmif yg;// 47 armifatmifvD ( tm[m&pmapmif )
14 ausmf v if ; Ed k i f
o½kyfaz:yHkrsm;
&ifxJupum;vHk;rsm;/ armifatmifvD (tm[m&pmapmif)
3
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
tm[m&0dik ;f awmfom;rsm;?
4
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
v tm[m&pmapmif(8)ESpfjynfh
v
aus;Zl;pum;
tm[m&pmapmifoufwrf;(8)ESpfwif;wif;jynfhchJygNyD?wenf;qdk&aomf wvw}udrfE_ef;jzifh tm[m&
y&dowfrsm;udk ay;qufco hJ nfrh mS (96)}udr&f +dS yD[v k nf; qd&k ygrnf? tm[m&pmapmifav;rsm;udk w}udrx f ufw}udr/f
wapmifxufwapmif yd+k yD;aumif;rGeaf tmif yd+k yD; tm[m&jynhaf tmif awG;qcJ=h uonf? }uHpnfc=hJ uonf? tm;xkwf
cJ=h uonf? yHak zmfc=hJ uonf? }udK;pm;I vkyaf qmifc=hJ uayrJh tm[m&pmapmifonf tm[m&y&dowfrsm;ESihf tyfpyfchJ
onfrsm;vnf;&Sdrnf? rtyfpyfonfrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifygonf? tm[m&pmapmif. cH,lcsuf/ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay:
wlnrD r_ sm; rwlnrD r_ sm;vnf; &S=d uygvrd rhf nf? tm[m&pmapmifonf tcrJjh zef@cso d nfh pmapmifjzpfaomfvnf; wvw
}udrf yHrk eS xf u G &f if+yD;a&mqdo k nfh oabmrsKd ;awmh usaemfw@kd wiG f r&Scd yhJ g? tapmifwikd ;f udk wwfprG ;f or#/vkypf rG ;f Edik o f r#
wd@k jzifh vkyaf qmifc=hJ ucsn;f om jzpfygonf?od@k aomf tm[m& y&dowfrsm;. tvdu k kd rjznfph rG ;f Edik cf o
hJ nfrsm;&Srd nfrmS t
rSeyf ifjzpfygonf? todynm&Sirf sm;/ twwfynm&Sirf sm; r[kwyf gbJ pdw"f gww f ckuo kd m OD;xdyx f m;+yD;vkyaf qmifc=hJ u
jcif;omjzpfygonf? vkt d yfcsurf sm;udk jznfph u G f em;vnf ay;Edik =f uvdrrhf nf[k ,H=k unfryd gonf? od@k ayonfh jzwfoef;cJh
=u&onfh tcsed u f mvESihf tawG@t}uHKrsm;u usaemfw@kd ukd oif=um;ay;cJrh r_ sm; tay: t&if;wnfI tm[m& y&dowf
rsm;. vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk wwfprG ;f or#ujkd zifh jznfph w G f vkyaf qmifomG ;=urnf[v k nf; cH,x l m;=uygonf? xyfrI H ajym
vdo k nfrmS }udK;yrf;vkyaf qmifrw _ @kd wiG f usaemfw@kd csn;f om wnfraDS eonf[k r,lqbJ tm[m&y&dowfrsm; taejzifh
vnf; tm[m&pmapmiftay:wGif 0dkif;0ef;I t}uHOm%frsm;/ vdktyfonfrsm;/ tawG@t}uHKrsm;/vkyfaqmifEdkifr_rsm;/
oifjyaxmufjyay;r_rsm; ponfjh zifh ulnaD y;r_rsm;onf tm[m&pmapmif. t&nftaoG;ESiahf &&Sn&f yfwnfru _ kd rsm;pGm
taxmuftyHh jzpfaprnf[kvnf; ,Hk=unfrd=uygonf?
xd@k jyif trSwpf Of(1)rSpI ,cktrSwpf Of (96)xdwikd f tzufzufrS t}uHOm%ftm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ pmrlrsm;
jzifv h nf;aumif;/ ulnyD yHh ;kd cJ=h uonfh q&m}uD;rsm;/ ynm&Sirf sm; rdwaf qGrsm;tm;vH;k udv k nf; trSww f & aus;Zl;wif&dS
ygonf? qufvuf+yD;awmhvnf; usaemfw@kd . rodrvdrmR wwfrr_ sm;/ 'kurQ r_ sm;udk cH,&l if; tm[m& pmapmifav;udk
0dik ;f 0ef;ulnaD y;=uyg&efvnf; ±d;k om;pGm awmif;cHtyfygonf? xd@k twl tm[m&pmapmiftwGuf oifah vsmrf nfph mrlrsm;/
t}uHOm%frsm;vnf; rsm;pGmvdt k yfygonf? 0dik ;f 0ef;yHyh ;kd ay;r_rsm;udv k nf; txl;}udKqdyk gonf? usaemfw@kd taejzifv h nf;
a&Sq › ufc&D;udk }udK;yrf;r_rsm;/ em;vnfrr_ sm;/ pkpnf;nD!w G rf r_ sm;jzifh qufvuf av#mufvrS ;f oGm;=urnf[k qENjyKtyf
ygonf?
jynfaxmifp}k uD; a&&Snw f nfwef@+yD; acwfr'D rD u kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf}uD; jzpfay:vma&;/ ppftm%m &Sipf epft+yD;
owfcsKyf+idr;f a&;wd@k rmS jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd 'Dru kd a&pDta&; v_y&f mS ;aqmif±u G o
f rl sm; tm;vH;k . pkpnf;nD!w G rf /_ ravsmh
aom ZGw J @kd . }udK;yrf;tm;xkwrf r_ sm; tay:wGio f m rlwnfonf[k tcdik t f rm ,H=k unfxm;ygonf? tm[m&pmapmif
tzG@J om;rsm;rSvnf; jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&;twGuf us&mae&mrS pGrf;tm;&Sdor#jzifh yl;aygif; yg0ifvkyfaqmifoGm;rnf
jzpfa=umif; t"dXgefjyKvdkuf&ygonf?
tm[m&0dik ;f awmfom;rsm;?
5
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
t&if;yifr&
ESif;av;awGa0
tmum
oZifav;awGzl;
eHufOD;&JŒavajyrSm ESpfpOfwkdif;vnf;
ESif;oZifeH‹awGu 'DvdkyJ ausmif;xm;cJh
oif;ysHŒaeav&JŒ? 'DESpfrSmvnf;
t&ifvkdrSef;xm;
ESif;awmtv,fu yJG±Hkudk yJydk‹toGm;
v,fuGufxJrSm yJG±Hku ydwfvdk‹xm;?
yJodrf;csdefaygh?
ab;vlrsm;&JŒpum;
yJay:&if yJG±Hkydk‹vdk‹ ig=um;cJh&
a&mif;r,fvdk‹ [efjyifxm; yJaps;u t&ifxuf
a&mif;&aiGpav;eJ‹ w0ufomom
ausmif;xm;r,f orD;eJ‹ om;? aps;usoGm;owJh?
onfaps;qdkv#if
t&if;yifr&
aiGjrif&&if awmfyg+yD
usaps;eJ‹yJ a&mif;ygr,f
b,forl rS 0,f æ rsuEf mS i,f&+yD?
urBmhpD;yGm;a&; æ uyf}uD;ab;a=umifh
Armjynfvnf; æ vmxdwmwJh
ajymcsifygw,f æ urBm&,f
urBmu tckrS
Armjynfu
AdkvfcsKyfawG tkyfcsKyfuwnf;u
47 ESpaf wmifjynfch +hJ yDy?J ?
6
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
cGJ
waiG@aiG@avmifaewJh rD;udk
pdwyf suv f ufysuef @J
vufri_d cf s=unfah e&awmhw,f ?
tem*wftwGuyf g
w&m;
cGxJ m;cJ&h OD;r,f
tHek @J usi;f eJ@ yufpufveG ;f wJh
pepfq;kd =um;
a[m'D ig;ESpo f m; cav;i,f[m
Edik if vH nf; r&S&d mS bl;
tem*wfvnf; r&S&d mS bl; ?
tckawmh
orD;eJ@om;
b0rcg;&avatmif
ud,
k rhf su&f nf ud,k o
f w k v
f @kd
ud,
k t
f xkyu f ,kd q
f JG tvGr;f awG wGv J eJ @J
atmf cG&J OD;r,f?
&J&ifo
h ufZJG
7
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
tdrjf yefcsifw,f
vGifhvdkuf&wm
rkwfokefb,fESpf+rdK@ wdkifcJh+yDvJ
w,fvDzkef;ac:oHawG =um;wmawmif
jyefrxl;jzpfwJhaumifyg ??
azaz
rdk;wdrf}uD;xJrSm
ajcypfvufypfom; 0iftdyfvdkufcsif&J@
aumif;uifudkjyefwnfh&wm
æ æ armw,f
wm&mrif;a0
8
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
rdrdudk,fudkjyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;
oli,fcsif;a&igwdkYawG[m
rdrdudk,fydkifaumif;usKd;
rdrdywf0ef;usifaumif;usKd;
rdrdjrdKY&Gmaumif;usKd;eJY
avmuurÇmBuD;aumif;usKd;twGuf
udk,fekdifwJYzufuudk,f
0dkif;0ef;aqmif&GufaeBuolawGjzpfw,fqdk&if
rif;jiif;rSmvm;---/
wu,fqdkigwdkYwawG[m
tnw&omrefvlom;awGyg
'gayr,fYvnf;oli,fcsif;
igwdkYvkyf&yfawGeJY
ajymqdkqufqHykHawGtpGef;a&mufjyD;
wd&pmäefvlpm&if;xJrygatmif
rdrdudk,fawmYjyefvnfokH;oyf&r,f---/
wu,fqdkowå0gwdkif;[m
tenf;eJYtrsm;qdkovdk
trSm;ruif;Buayr,fY
urmÇBuD;udkjyKjyifajymif;vJekdifwhJ
igwdkYvlom;awGtrSm;enf;atmif
rdrdudk,fudkawmYjyefvnfokH;oyfBu&r,f---/
Zmenfarmif
9
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
vlcE<m&Sd+yD;
vlpdwfr&Sd rdp>mawG&JŒ
vrf;jyajryHk
,HkcsifwJhvl ,Hk=u?
,Hk=unf&mudk udkifpJG&if;
ol aoao/ ud, k f aoao
tqHk;owfwkdufyJG
bmvdk‹rEJ$bJ aerSmrdk‹vJ?
orkdif;ay;wm0efqdkwm
rvdkcsifvnf;
udk,fhtay:rSm &Sdaew,f
'Dpepfqdk; tjzpfqdk;}uD;
&Sad eoa&GŒayg?h
tajctae &Sw d ,f
tcsdeftcg &Sdw,f
acgif;aqmif &Sdw,f
atmifvHvnf; &Sdw,f
'ga=umifh æ
'dk@EJ$&rSmu
tqH;k owfwu dk yf GJ æ
tqH;k owfwu dk yf GJ æ
tqH;k owfwu dk yf GJ æ? ?
ppfa0; (jynf)
Zefe0g&v
D 8 &uf/ 2009 ckEpS ?f
(nae 2 em&D 26 rdepf)
10
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
jrpf0u|ef;ay:
tjzpftysufawGudk
jyef=unfhzdk@qdkvdk@
ighacgif;tHk;atmufupma[mif;awGxJrSm
i,fb0awG +ydKaewJhurf;yg; a&S@uajy;
urf;yg;aemufrSmusefcJh=uwmu
igwdk@&J@aemufwae@
igwdk@&J@ b,frSmrSef;rodao;aom
aemufxyfay:vmr,fhoJaomif
tdyfvdk@raysmfwdkif;
xx=unhf=uwJhigwdk@&J@armifESrrsm;
igwdk@ tarpdkufcJhwJho&ufyif
igwdk@eJ@twl arsmygcJh&wJho&ufoD;rsm; rdk;a0;
a&pD;uwtm;oefw,f
igwdk@jyefrvmEdkif=uawmhbl; ?
(jrSm;ewfarmif -Zlvdkif/2000)
yifv,f"g;jy tqkH;r&SdwJhyifv,frSm
om;aumifaemufukdvkdufol
tajymus,fwJhyifv,frSm
&wemußGe;f uk&d mS ol
ajrykHxJrSmrygwJhußGef;uav;awGrSm
wcgwavykef;ckdwwfol/
pdwBf udKufurf;ajcwckrmS
waeYus&ifNrdKUBuD;wNrdKUwnftek ;f rwJ?h
urÇmBuD;ukdvk,ufzkdYqkdwm
odef;iSufwaumifeJY
opfom;ajcaxmufwzufyJvkdowJh/
aumifrav;a&
aemufqkH;usefwJhrsufvkH;wzufvkd
ig rif;ukdcspfcJhygw,f/ /
ESi;f cg;rk;d
11
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
'Drdkua&pDESifhjynfaxmifpk
armifpGrf;&nf
jynfaxmifpq k w kd phJ um;[m Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;&J@ tm;xkwrf o _ rdik ;f eJ@ ay:xGe;f cdik rf mvmwJh pum;vH;k jzpfygw,f? Adv k cf sKyf
atmifqef;[m jynfaxmifpk zcifygwum;? t"dyg` ,u f awmh &Si;f &Si;f av;yJ/ jynfaxmifpq k w kd m jynfaxmifawG pkxm;wmygy?J
jynfaxmifawG bma=umifh pk&ovJ? pkaygif;aexdkif=urS cdkifcdkifrmrm tusdK;wl yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEkdif=urS jzpfvdk@ygy?J
tusKd ;rJ&h if rpkygb;l ? b,fvekd @J jynfaxmifav;awG pkaygi;f vm=uovJ? [kd a&S;uwnf;u wajrwnf;ae wa&wnf;aomuf+y;D
at;twlyo l r# aevmcJ=h uvdyk gy?J [dak &S;uwnf;uvd@k qd&k mrSm 'Dvrl sKd ;pkawG Armjynfqw kd hJ csi;f wGi;f jrpf0rS ;f / {&m 0wDjrpf0rS ;f /
oHviG jf rpf0rS ;f wd@k ukd a&muf&rdS vmcifuwnf;u trsm;pk[m aqGrsKd ;awGjzpfv@dk ygy?J wdAuf - Arm/ csi;f / ucsi/f em*pwJv h rl sKd ;awG[m
vlrsKd ;EG,t f &a&m bmompum;t& trsKd ;awmfc=hJ uolawG jzpfygw,f? tvm;wl xdik ;f / &Sr;f / rGe/f crmtkypf ak wG[m tpOftquf
aqGrsKd ; awmf=uolawG twlaevm=uolawGjzpfygw,f?
wdik ;f &if;om;awGrmS bmompum;enf;enf;jcm;em;wm/ rsm;pGmjcm;em;wmawG&ydS gw,f? a&/ ajr&moDOwkt av#muf
0wfpm;aexdik yf kH jcm;em;=uwmawGvnf;&Syd g w,f? 'gayrJh twlae&if; oD;jcm;pD &yfwnf+yD; ud, k , hf Of aus;r_e@J ud, k af evmcJ=h u
ygw,f? wdik ;f &if;om; tcsi;f csi;f jy\em r&Scd yhJ gb;l ?
olw@kd jcif; &efjzpfwm vH;k 0r&Scd =hJ uzl;vm; &Syd gw,f? vlrsKd ;pk uav;awGu OD;a&enf;+yD; a&ajrawmawmifu us,jf yef@v@kd
pm;usuv f w k mawGu r&Scd yhJ gb;l ? enf;ygw,f? t}uD;tuJvyk o f al wGu olrsm;udk Adv k uf scsiv f @kd jzpfc=hJ uwJh &efyaJG wGyJ &Syd gw,f?
b,fwikd ;f &if;om; jynforl qdk at;at;csr;f csr;f xGe, f uf pm;aomuf+y;D +ird ;f +ird ;f csr;f csr;f aecsi=f uwmcsn;f ygy?J t}u;D awGuruJ
=u &if +idr;f csr;f wmygy?J
z,f'&,frla=umifh jynfaxmifpk}uD; acsmufxJuszdk@ vufwvHk;tvdkrSm ppfwyfu u,fwifvdkuf&w,fqdk
wm [kwfygovm;? r[kwfygbl;? acsmufxJuszdk@ vufw vHk;tvdkrSm ppfwyfu wGef;csvdkufwmygyJ? vufwvHk;t
vdkqdkwhJ tajctaevJ olwdk@ wGef;ydk@chJwmygy?J ra0;wJo h rdik ;f rSww f rf;awG jyef=unfyh g? (1962)wke;f u jynf axmifpu k pd u P &kd rS ;f
jynfrmS acgi;f aqmifawGp+k yD; aqG;aEG; =uw,f? aemuf &efuek f toHvi$ ±hf rkH mS qH+k yD;aqG;aEG;=uwm jynfe,facgi;f aqmifawG'rD u kd
a&pDtEW&m,fvJ }u;D aew,fjrifv@kd b,fou l rS cGx
J uG zf @kd rawmif;qdyk J nDn! D wG !f wG f pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k ae=uw,fv@kd wcJeufq;kH
jzwfvdkuf=uw,f? tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsufudk wdkif;jynfudk ra=unmcif Akdvfae0if;/ Adkvfatmif}uD;wdk@wawGu wdkif;jynf }uD;
acsmufxJusawmhrvdk tvef@w=um;atmf+yD; tm %modrf;vdkufwm ckxufxd acsmufxJu rwwfEdkifawmh ygbl; ?
z,f'&,frq l w kd m cGx
J u G af &;rlr[kwb f ;l ?ppfwyfu nmcJw h m?jynfaxmifpk pnf;vH;k a&;rlyJ &Scd w hJ ,f?jynfe,fawGrmS wdik ;f &if;om;awG
[m ud, k jfh y\emud, k f zefw;D cGihf r&So d ifb h ;l vm;? ud, k cf si;f pm=unfyh g? vlwikd ;f ud, k =hf urRm ud, k zf efw;D cGihf &Scd si=f uwmcsn;f ygy?J
tJ'v D kd tcGit hf a&;&Sv d @kd cGx
J uG rf ,fq&kd if cGx J uG cf iG v
hf J &SEd ikd w
f ,f? 'gayrJh ordik ;f wav#muftwl oifo h ifjh rwfjrwf aevm
=u+yD;rS bmjzpfv@kd cGx J u G cf si&f ovJ? twlae=u &mrSm tusKd ;wlcpH m;cGirhf &Sb d J }uD;Edik if ,f!iS ;f vkyaf e&ifawmh cGx J u G cf si=f urSmyJ?
igw@kd e@J twlaeyg? cdik ;f wmvky/f igau|;wmyJpm;/ rv_yef @J v@kd zdEydS &f if b,forl S twlraecsib f ;l ?rdom;pkwpke@J OyrmEdi_ ;f =unfyh g?
ausmom;&ifom; cGjJ cm;zdEydS w f m cGjJ cm;tcGit hf a&;,lwm r&S&d if twlaecsi=f urSmygy?J aecJ=h uwmygb?J
ckwikd ;f &if;om;awGrmS rauseyfra_ wG&adS ewm bm a=umifv h ?J &Si;f ygw,f? tpd;k &u zdEydS af e+y;D tcGit hf a&; wef;wlr&Sv d @kd ayg?h
'gayrJh zdESdyfaeolawG[m b,folawG vJ? ArmvlrsdK;awGvm;/ r[kwfbl;/ ppfwyftpdk;&yg? olwdk@ u &Srf;/ csif;/
ucsif/ rGef u&ifawGudk omru ArmvlrsdK; awGudkvJ ESdyfpuf!Sif;yef; owfjzwfaewmygyJ? ouf}uD;±G,ftdkawG/
ausmif;om;oli,fawG/ &[ef;bmomawGudk olwdk@ t}udKufrvdkuf&if zrf;qD;!Sif;yrf;ESdyfpuf/ axmifcsowfjzwf
aew,f? 'ga=umifh ArmvlrsdK;awGvJ wdkif;&if;om;jynfolawGeJ@twl udk,fhEdkifiHxJrSm twlwuG axmifusae=uwm
ygyJ? 'kuQa&mufae=uwmygyJ? 'kuQonfcsif;pnf;±Hk;+yD; bHk&efoludk odzdk@vdkygw,f?
jynfaxmifpkjy\emawG wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;jy\em awGudk ckuwnf;u }udKwifaqG;aEG;=uzdk@ raumif;bl; vm;?
aumif;w,f? 'gayrJh udk,f}udKwif pGef@pm;xm;wmawG w&m;ojzifh wifjycGifh r&Sdao;bl;? aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&if r&ao;bl;?
12
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
ppftm%m&Siu f wdik ;f &if;om;awGukd aqG; aEG;cGihf ray;ao;bl;?olw@kd bmomjyifqif/ olw@kd }uKd uf ovdk a&;qG/J tm;vH;k uaxmuf
cH=uzd@k y?J ppfwyfuvkyaf eygw,f? 'gah =umifh 'Dru kd a&pD&zd@k / ppftm%m&Sipf epfp;kd atmufuvGwaf jrmufz@kd t&ifvyk =f u&ygt;kH r,f?
Arm/ &Srf;/ csif;/ rGef/ u&iftm;vHk; pkaygif;vkyf=u&rSmyg?'Drdkua&pD&+yD;rS 'kwd,yifvHknDvmcH}uD;ay:+yD; wdkif;&if;om;ta&;udk
aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm=u&rSmyg? 'gusaemfw h @kd . acgi;f aqmif uajym+yD;om;yg?
yifvn kH vD mcHpak c:vd@k r&bl;vm;? r&bl;? b,fou l ac:rSmvJ? wdik ;f &if;om;jynfot l m;vH;k tusKd ;udk aqG;aEG; !SEd i_d ;f &mrSm
wdik ;f &if;om;jynfoal wGu oabmwl a&G;cs,x f m;wJh tpd;k &tzG@J urS 'kw, d yifvn kH v D mcH}uD;udk ac:cGi&hf rdS mS yg? tm%m&Siu f
wdik ;f &if;om;awGtm;vH;k udk olw@kd . ppfzed yfatmufrmS Armjynfoal wGe@J twl zdeif; xm;csiw f myg? b,fwikd ;f &if;om;udrk S
tm%mcGaJ 0ray;csiyf gb;l ? tm%mcGaJ 0&wJh tvkyu f kd enf;enf;av;rS rvkycf siyf gb;l ? 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &tzG@J rzG@J pnf;Edik af o;bJe@J
wdkif;&if;om;awGtwGuf w&m;r#wwJh udpPawG pOf;pm; vdk@r&Edkifao;bl;? +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@awG[m ppfwyfeJ@ yl;aygif;&if
jynfaxmifprk l ysurf mS yJ? 'Dawmhum ypPn;f csr;f omw,f/awmfavmuf+y?D olyek *f % kd ;f u vlq;kd *d% k ;f jzpf atmif wGe;f yd@k aewm cH=u&if
jynfou l '%fcwfrmS yJ? 'g&mZ0ifa±;aewm?
nDtpfudkESpfa,muf tarGcGJcJhwJhyHkjyifwck&Sdw,f? uG,f vGefol rdbawGu EGm;r}uD;waumif tarGxm;cJhw,f?
tpfudk}uD;u pDrHcef@cGJw,f? nDav; rif;u EGm;r&J@ a&S›ydkif;wm0ef,l/ igu aemufydkif;wm0ef,lr,f?w0ufpDr#r#w
wayghuGmqdk+yD; cGJa0owJh? nDuawmh a&S›ydkif;wm0eft& jruf&dwfau|;&w,f? tpfudk}uD;u aemufydkif;u EGm;Edk@udk
!‡ p f + yD ; pm;oH k ; w,f ? apmif w xnf tarG a y;cJ h w mud k tpf u d k } uD ; u igu n,l r ,f / rif ; u ae@cif ; us,l a ygh vd k @
cGJay;owJh? tJovdkygyJ? ppfwyfu Arm/ &Srf;/ u&if ra&G; bJ ol@oabmol@vufeufjy+yD; tarGcGJaewmyg? wdkif;&if;om;
tcGit hf a&;&Sw d m ±ky0f wWK a±$aiGe@J r+yD;ao;bl;? ,Ofaus;r_awG/ pmayawG tzsurf cH=uaveJ@?
'Drdkua&pDua&m b,fvdktarGcGJrSmvJ? 'Drdkua&pDqdkwm trsm;jynfoltusdK;twGuf trsm;oabmus a&G;
cs,fwifajr‡mufwJh jynfol@tpdk;&tzJG@yg? rw&m;wmvkyf&if a&G;aumufyGJeJ@ jzKwfcsEdkifw,f? }udKuf}udKufr}udKuf }udKuf
vufcHygw,fr&Sdbl;? wdkif;&if;om;awG pD;yGm;a&;a&m ,Ofaus;r_a&m r#r#ww zGH@+zdK;ap&r,f? acgif;aqmifawGudk &mxl;ay;
a&mif;cs0,f,al &; tcGit hf a&;yHak y;wm[m zsuq f ;D wmygy?J ud, k }f udKufwm vkycf w hJ hJ 'Dru kd a&pD[m pnf;urf;rhJ y&rf;ywm
jzpfaerSmaygh? tJ'gr[kwfbl;? ppfwyfu oHk;wJhpum;yJ? pnf;urf;&Sdaom 'Drdkua&pDudk olwdk@vkyfay;r,fwJh? wu,fu
ol w d k @ t}ud K uf aoewf e J @ b,f n mv_ y f & S m ;cd k i f ; wmud k pnf ; urf ; &S d w mvd k @ ol w d k @ u xif a ewm? 'D r d k u a&pD q d k w J h
pum;vHk;a&S›u ‘pnf;urf;&Sdaom’qdkwJhpum; rvdkbl;? tJ'g em;rvnfvdk@ ajymwm? csdKaomxef;vsuf wcJ,lcJhygvdk@
ajymp&mrvd k b l ; ? xef ; vsuf w cJ , l v mygvd k @ ajym&w,f ? xef ; vsuf q d k r S a wmh cg;aomxef ; vsuf v d k @ &S d y gh r vm;?
wu,fawmh 'Drdkua&pDqdkwm pnf;urf;&Sdwmudk ac: w,f? jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,fawG w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk
wm0ef,l&w,f? ighom;/ ighnD/ ighaqGrsdK; rw&m;wm vkyf&ifvJ Oya't& ta&;,lw,f? Oya'&J@txufu 0ef}uD;wdk@/
ppfAv dk cf sKyfw@kd / "g;aoewfw@kd vH;k 0r&Sb d ;l ? ppfwyf[m Oya'&J@txufu wufaevd@k wdik ;f jynfrmS pnf;urf;rJh uke&f w,f?
ck pnf;urf;rJhvdk@ ta&;,lch&J wmawG b,folawGv?J u|ef;opfcdk;/ ausmufrsufckd;/ vlowf/ rk'def;usifhwmawGudk
vkyaf ewm NLD vm;/ ABSDF vm;/ r u o vm;/ A u y vm;? Adv k cf sKyfxeG ;f =unf/ Adv k cf sKyfjrifah qG/ Adv
k cf sKyfausmbf wd@k uae
ck Advk cf sKycf if!eG @f xd Adv k cf sKyaf wG ra&wGuEf ikd w f hJ Edik if aH wmf ydik yf pPn;f awG pnf;urf;rJh vk,ufv@kd ta&;,lc=H u&w,f? pnf;urf;rJw h m
[m ppfAv kd af wGcsn;f yJ? olw@kd ajymwJh Selected Mamber vufa&G;pifawG csn;f ygy?J Oya'udk olw@kd o;kH csiw f thJ cgro
S ;kH wm? 'Drkd
ua&pDawmif;olawGupkd nf;urf;rJo h al wGv@kd ppfwyfu ac:w,f? olc;kd "g;jyawGukd ppfwyf&@J vufprG ;f awGv@kd ac:&r,f?
uJ -ck bmvkyf&rvJ? 'Drdkua&pDt&if&atmifvkyf+yD; 'kwd,yifvHkac:&r,f? 'DtwGuf trsm;jynfolawGu
nD!Gwf=uzdk@vdkw,f? uGefysLwmay: pma&;wwfwmeJ@ udk,fhudk,fudk wdkufyGJ0ifEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;/awmfvSefa&;o
rm;}uD; xifrae=ueJ@? udk,fhudkudk,ft&if awmfvSef&r,f? EdkifiHa&;udk igrSodwm/ igacgif;aqmifrSjzpfrSm qdk+yD;bmrSr
vkyfbJ 0ufbfqdkuf EdkifiHa&;orm;vm;/ uGefjyLwm awmfvSefa&;orm; vkyfaevdk@ r+yD;ygbl;? EdkifiHa&;vkyfolawG
tm;vHk;udk olcdk;awG tcGifhta&;orm;awGqdk+yD; (udk,fwdkifrcdk;&or#) em;ylem;qm vkyfaewmrsdK;awG awmf awmf
awG@ae&ygw,f? nD!Gwfzdk@!SdEdkif;zdk@ enf;vrf;udk rvkyfor# (rvdkuf&Jor#) 'Drdkua&pD&zdk@ r&Sdygbl;? rdwfaqGoifhudk
pG y f p G J w ,f v d k @ oif u d k , f w d k i f x if a e+yD v m;? ud k , f b momud k , f xif w mawmh usKyf v J r wwf E d k i f b l ; ? ud k , f r [k w f & if
onf;cH? [kwf&ifvnf; onf;cHyg? jyKjyif? nD!Gwf zdk@vdk w,f? nD!Gwf&JwJh owWd&Sdyg&J@vm;?
(pmapmif t rS w f p Of - 48 wG i f a z:jycJ h a om aqmif ; yg;tm;xyf r H a z:jytyf y gonf ? )
13
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
&ifxu J rnf?
avmuwGif vlawmfwa,mufjzpfz@kd qo
tcsed f tiftm; aiGa=u;ponfjzifh &if;ES;D +y;D rS&onf? rusKd ;pm;yJ
kd nfrmS vnf;
T
Edik rf o S m vlawmfjzpfayrnf?
vlaumif;jzpfzdk@qdkonfrSm &kyf0wWKypPnf;rsm;ay:wGif
u|r;f usiv f rd mR &HEk iS rhf jzpfEikd f ud, k uf siw hf &m;jzLpifrS wzef pdwf
xm;aumif;rS vlaumif;jzpfayrnf pdwx f m;aumif;atmif avh
usizhf @kd u ud, k uf sijhf zLpifygro S m jzpfayrnf? ud, k u f siw hf &m;
jzLpifzdk@qdkv#if rnfonfhbmom0ifyifjzpfap? olwyg;udk
nSi;f pJEydS pf ufjcif;/ owfjzwfjcif;rjyKEiS /hf olwyg;ydik yf pPn;f udjk zpfap
trsm;ydik yf pPn;f udjk zpfap rcd;k r0SuEf iS hf rw&m;aomenf;jzifh r
“vlawmf vlaumif;” [laompum;&S. d ? ,lEiS hf vdrn f maumufusp+f y;D rajymqdEk iS hf Tr#jynfph v kH #iyf if vl
awmfz@kd vo kd vdk aumif;zd@k vnf; ydI k vdt k yfyg.? awmfz@kd v, G f aumif;wa,mufjzpfEikd af y+yD? taumif;qH;k jzpfatmifqv kd #if
onf? aumif;zd@k urvG,f cufc. J ? oifonf twef;xJwiG f pm xd@k xufrsm;aom odumQ yk'rf sm;udk vdu k ef mzd@k vakd o;onf? ykxk
awmf.? od@k wnf;r[kwf tvkyx f wJ iG f oifonf vlawmfw ZOfwa,muftzd@k txufyg tcsurf sm;udk apmifph nf;Edik yf gv#if
a,mufjzpf.? vlawmfwa,mufjzpf&EkH iS hf jynfph +kH yv D m;? vlawmf cs;D rGr;f zG,jf zpfyg+y?D
wa,mufjzpf&EkH iS ahf wm h avmuwGif rjynfph akH o;yg? &mcdik Ef ef;w vlawmfwa,mufjzpfygv#uf tusihfysufaev#if
0ufcef@awmh jynfph o kH nf[q k u kd qdEk ikd yf gonf? oifu ausmif; awmfaeonfrsm; tvdkvdkyifaysmufqHk;oGm;+yD;vl,kwfrm
ocF%f;pmrsm;udk +yD;atmifvkyfEdkifonf? q&mar;onfudk wa,muf tjzpfa&muf&o dS mG ;Edik o
f nf? igval wmfwa,mufuG
tm;vH;k ajzEdik o f nfqv kd #if oifonf twef;xJwiG f awmfojl zpf [k qdkif;bkwfuyf+yD;a=umfjimp&mrvdk &yfuGufwumvnf
rnfaocsm.? vkyif ef;cGiw f iG f tvkyu f |r;f usio f nf tvkyu f kd +yD;ajymp&mrvdk oifval wmfjzpfonf rjzpfonfukd oifyh wf
usKd ;pm;vkyu f ikd o f nfqv kd #if oifonf oifv h yk if ef;cGiYf awmfol 0ef;usifrS vltrsm;uowfrSwfygvdrfhrnf? ,if;odk@trsm;u
wa,mufjzpfyg.? ,if;od@k awmfatmif usKd ;pm;zd@k v, G o
f nf? owf r S w f v uf c H r S o m oif v l a wmf t ppf j zpf a yvd r f h r nf ?
pmrSerf eS u
f sKd ;pm;v#if awmfaomausmif;om;jzpfrnf?tvkyu f kd oifu h , kd of ifawmfa=umif; oifu, kd w
f ikd u f aomfvnf;aumif;
wwfatmif *&kpu kd rf w S o f m;oif,+l yD; usKd ;pm;v#if awmfaom oifZh eD;uaomfvnf;aumif; av#muf=umG ;aev#io f ifonf vl
tvkyo f rm;jzpfrnf? av#mf vlnHhjzpfa=umif; trsm;u owfrSwfrSmaocsmyg.?
aumif;zdk@qdkonfu pmusuf&HkESifhr+yD;? aumif;onf oifw@kd a&S@wiG f rrJah omfvnf; aemufu, G w f iG rf l rJrh mS aocsmyg.?
qd&k m0,f ud, k uf siw hf &m;udk &nfne$ ;f jcif;jzpf.? tusiphf m&dwW oifw h @kd u, kd o f ifw@kd vnf;rSex f =J unf+h yD; igajymwm r[kwrf rSef
aumif;rS oifval umif;jzpfrnf? twef;xJwiG f pmawmfojl zpf =uGm;aewmvm; t[kwfvm;qdkonfudk jyefpOf;pm;ygu
ygv#uf olrsm;ypPnf;cdk;wwfv#ifvdrfnmajymqdkwwfv#if tvGe&f u S pf &maumif;aevdrrhf nf? ud, k u f r[kww f mvky+f yD;
oifvlaumif;r[kwfawmhay? tvm;wlyif vkyfief;cGifwGif ud, k v hf yk &f yfuzkd ;kH uG,zf @kd trsm;udk tykycf saev#if rdru d yky+f yD;
tvk y f a wmf o l j zpf a omf v nf ; rd r d r suf E S m aumif ; &a&;/ om;jzpf+y;D tajymcH&olu rykyyf g? tjcm;olonf olr[kww f m
tcG i f h t a&;&a&;twG u f b0wl vk y f o m;rsm;tay: vkyv f #if ol@bmomol ykyaf eygvrd rhf nf oifutykycf sp&mrvdyk g?
14
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
15
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
yho
H ul Nynfrh ,fh aeYav… ( 9 ) &ufww
aMomf… [kwu f hJ -
ighq&muvnf;uGm nae 2 em&D
u 4 em&DtwGi;f pdw&f rSmwJh .."gwf
d ad ygh
oH;k vH;k udk Nrifvu kd &f onft h cg pkcsG ef &Tiaf eyHrk mS ab;vl uyif rNyKH ;bJ r bmrS axGaxG xl;xl; ryg ygbl;uGm
aeonf h E S K wf c rf ; rsm; tenf ; i,f aeed k i f Nzpf & onf / vl i ,f o nf .. þyHo h ul awGU&So d l qufvufí
[oGm;\/ xdkUaemuf tzHk;udktom wpfcsuf &,fvu kd of nf/ csucf si;f qdk uHaumif;ygap bmnmaygh -
vSpfíMunfUvdkufonf/aiGpuúLtcsdKU ovdyk if udv k 0l u aiGpuúL acgufNzifU [kwfvm;Nyprf;ygAsm? zwfMunfh
udkawGU awGUvdkuf&onfU udkvl0\ vuf t k y f c sD a NrS m uf í ezl ; xuf o d k U &atmif ...
rsuv f ;kH rsm;onf vufueJ NzpfomG ; wifvu kd u f m rsuv f ;kH pHrk wdS Nf y;D wwGwf olu vli,fukd NyKH ;í Munfv h ukd \
f /
avonf/ae&mrS x&yfrvdk vnf;Nzpf wGwfa&&Gwfaeavonf/ pmtdwu f kd vufxw J iG f vH;k acs vdu k f
oGm;\ / q&morm;\ aus;Zl ; aMumif U onf/
[…..wu,fh yHo h ul[… yGwm uHZmwmrsm; wufaeygNy?D qufvuf pyfpk vScsnv f m;[…bmrS r[kwyf g
yJ... í ode;f &maygif; axmifaygif;….. bl;qdak e ...
trS w f r xif cyf u s,f u s,f rsuf v H k ; rsm;ud k Nyef z G i f U vd k u f vli,fu acwårSs aMumifMunfh
a&½GwfrdvdkufoNzifU yg;pyfudktNref onfUtcg NyKH ;Munfah e aom vli,fukd ae\/ xdaYk emuf wpfzuf odUk Nyefvn S Uf
ydwu f m vli,fqo D Ukd udvk 0l zswcf eJ awGU& onf/ udv k 0l u aiGpuúLacguf oGm;awmhonf/
vSnfh MunfUvdkuf\/ vli,fuvnf; udk tuFs t D wd xf J Nyefxnf&h ef [efNyif udv k 0l onf aiGpuúLacgufukd tuFsD
olUudk NyefvSnfhMunfhoNzifh udkvl0 vdkufonf/ tdwx f o J Ukd vSsiNf refpmG xnfUvdu k \f /
onf pmtdwu f vkd ufxw J iG uf ikd v
f sS uf tif;..tpfuUkd udk MunfUNy;D uGsef wpfzuf vSnahf eonfh vli,fukd zsuf
cyftrf;trf; NzpfoGm;avonf/ awmfvnf; ykw;D pdwcf sipf w d f ayguf ceJ MunfUNyD; pmtdwfudkcg;Mum;odkY
bmvJ tpfudkMuD;… bmaNymwm vmNyD Asm …pdwef nf;av; rpcJUprf;ygOD; xd;k xnfh onf/ ae&mrS x&yfonf/
vJ... ... anmif y if & d y f t pG e f e m;od k Y avS s muf
udv k 0l u ESw k cf rf; wpfcsuf udu k f [..[aeOD;[..tdwx f rJ mS useaf o; oGm;onf/ aq;&Hk rSwfwdkifbufodkY
vduk Nf y;D csucf si;f yifNyKH ;vdu k of nf/ w,f p mtd w f u d k z G i f U Nyef \ / pm&G u f arSsmMf unfo h nf/ tylveG v f rf;ray:ü
'DrmS yHo h ul ypfxm;w,f uG..ig acguf w pf & G u f xG u f v mNyef o nf / wH v S s yf c d k ; rsm; xaeonf / aq;&H k
awGUwm... udvk 0l u pm&Guu f kd NzefUvdu k of nf/ buf o d k Y o G m ;aeol oH k ; av;OD ; ES i f h
[k w f v m; bmawG y pf x m; atmif r ,f . .pmawG b mawG anmifyifqD vmaeol wpfO;D udk wH
wmvJ... a&;vdUk ygvm; ... vS s yf r sm;Mum;rS N rif & onf / vd k i f ;
yduk q f aH wGu.G .. pm&GufudkzwfaepOf NyHK;&Tifae um;ud k r I t&d y f t a,mif r S s rawG U
[m;…tpfukd uHaumif;wmaygh .. onfUolYrsufESmonf wNznf;Nznf; &ao; /
b,favmufvJ rodb;l a&Munfh wnfomG ;um rsuaf rSmifEpS cf k wGeUf &IUH awmuf…um;uvnf; MumyghumG -
&OD;r,f... ívm \/ tHMh owMu;D NzpfaeyH&k onfU vli,fu olUudk vSnrhf Munf/h wkeUf
udv k 0l u aiGpuúLacgufukd qGx J w k f olUtrIt&mrSm pm&Guu f kd zwfNy;D oGm; Nyef p um;vnf ; rqd k / ud k v l 0 onf
í wpf&u G cf si;f Nzefu Y m a&wGuaf wmh aomtcg avSmifaNymifoa&mfonfU anmif yif&if;odUk NyefavSsmufvmonf/
onf/ [ef rsKd ;odUk ul;aNymif;oGm;avonf/ vl i ,f u d k wpf c suf v S r f ; Munf h N yD ;
15 usyw f efo;kH &Gu?f 10 wefwpf [if;..[if;…apwem&SiMf u;D awG xdik cf svu kd Nf yef\/cg;Mum;xJrS pmtdwf
&Gu?f 5 usyw f ef wpf&u G /f ayghav ... udk Nyefxw k v f u
kd of nf/acwårsS pOf;pm;
aNcmufq,f twdbJa[U…[m;… olu trSwfrxif a&&Gwfvdkuf ae\ /
[m;..[m; t"dXmefywD;0ifwJU t Nyef\ / xdUk aemuf vH;k aMuaeonfU pmtdwf
usKd ; awG. … xDx;kd &r,f uG…csr;f om bmawG a&;xm;wmvJ tpfu.kd .. udk NyefNzefUonf/rlvae&m anmifNrpf
awmhr,fh edrdwfawG NywmyJ? odef; vSr;f í ar;vdu k af om vli,fukd ES p f c k t Mum;wG i f tomNyef c svd k u f
aNcmufq,f? ode;f aNcmuf&m tm;vH;k olu apGMunfhonf/xdkar;Nref;rIudk onf/
Nzpfvmedkifw,f/ olMuKd uyf kH r&/ pmtdwu f kd Nyefacgufí tay:rS ausmufp&pfcJav;udk
olrY suEf mS Mu;D xde;f rEdik f odr;f r&NyKH ; pmtdwfxJ Nyefxnfhvdkufonf/ rIvtwdik ;f Nyef wif ay;vdu k of nf/
17
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
oufNyif; wpfcsuu f kd tom csvu kd f wpf&mudk rodrom &SmazGaeonfh pvdk yHkusaeonfh OD;acgif;udk Nznf;
onf/ yHpk rH sKd ; Nzpfaomfvnf; trIt&mrsm;u av;pGm tm;,larmUí vli,fukd Munfh
ylavmifNyif;xefvo S nfU 0efxyk f odom vGe;f ae\ / tbGm;td\ k xl; onf/xdUk aemuf udv k 0l udk Munfo h nf/
MuD;wpfckrS vGwfaNrmuf ayghyg;oGm; Ncm;rIUaMumifU xdik af eol ESpOf ;D uvnf; tm;,lí NyKH ;onf/
[efNzifh udv k 0l onf auseyfEpS o f ufpmG tuJcwf Munf&h UI vSsuf &SMd uonf/ aMomf…aumif;ygav&JUuG,f
NyKH ; vdu k \f / tbGm;tdo k nf [dv k vkd kd onfvkd aeygOD ; tbG m ;&J U …tbG m ;u
vrf;ray:ü um;i,f oH;k av;pD; vdEk iS Uf udv k 0l teD; odcYk sO;f uyf a&muf&dS apmapuwnf;u 'DyhH oulukd awGUcJh
Nzwfoef;armif; ESio f mG ;Mu\ /wNzef; oGm;\/ rsuv f ;kH tMunfrh sm;u anmif Ny;D om;vm;? bmNzpfvUkd ckrS vmaumuf
Nzef; NrnfoHMum;&\ /wpfae&mrS NrpfqkH tMuKd tMum;rsm;ay:odUk a&muf &wmvJ ...
rsufpdvnfvm[efwlaom avaNy &SdoGm;avonf/ vl i ,f \ tar;ü tbG m ;MuD ;
wpfcsuf a0Yí wdu k f vdu k o f nf/ a[m…&Sad o;w,f…&Sad o;w,f .. &kwfw&uf xdwfNym oGm;avonf/
anmifyifonf &S&J jJS rnfí anmif &kwfw&uf ay:xGufvmonfh vli,fukd Munfv h u kd f udv k 0l udk Munfh
&Gufuav;rsm; tenf;i,f ,drf;xdk; tHhMo 0rf;omoHMuD;ESifhtwl tbGm; vdkufESifh bm aNym&rSef; rodNzpfae
vIy&f mS ;oGm;Muonf/ tm;… t&om&Sd td k o nf anmif N rpf M um;rS yH h o ul [ef&o dS nf/ ESKwcf rf;udk vSsmESio hf yfí
vdu k w f m [k udv k 0l u a&&Gwo f nf/ pmtd w f uav;ud k a Ny;í aumuf trsKd ;rsKd ;yg;pyfuNkd yifonf/ rsuaf wmif
xdpk OfrmS yif anmifyif&yd o f Ukd vlwpf vdu k \ f / yk w f c wf y k w f c wf v k y f í acgif ; ud k
a,muf tarmw aum 0ifa&mufvm ud k v l 0 ES i f h vl i ,f w d k U uvnf ; a,mif,rf;í ukwf onf/ vli,fu
onf/ touf 70 cefU tzGm;Mu;D wpf wd k i f y if x m;ovd k y if Nyd K if w l x &yf olUudk pdw0f ifwpm; Munfah e\ /
a,mufNzpfavonf/ ydefcsnfUcsnfU vdkufrdMuonf/ [d'k if;…usKyuf ..tJ'.D .[d[ k m…tJ..bm
ud, k cf E¨m / cyfErG ;f EGr;f t0wftpm;/ tbGm;tdkonf ywf0ef;usifudk aNym&rSe;f awmif rodygbl;uG,f .-
rsuEf mS rSm acGs;oD;acGs;aygufrsm; onf; arUavSsmUoGm;onfh ES,f usKd ;usaJ om tbGm;Mu;D acgif;ukwNf yefonf/
xefvsS uf / oGm;rsm;ay: atmifNyKH ;vdu k o f nf/wkef 'DvdkuG,f…aNym&rSm..&Sufawmh
aeylxrJ S vmcJ&olonf anmifyif ,ifaom vuftpHEk iS Uf pmtdwu f kd zGiUf &Supf &mygyJ? 'DyhH oulu usKyu f ,
kd w f ikd f
&if;ü xdkifaeMuolESpfOD;udk ,ckr vdu k \ f / 'DaeUreufu ypfcUJ wmyg uG,.f .
SawGUNrif vdkuf&[efNzifU &kwfw&uf pm&Guaf cgufav;wpf&u G /f a[mAsm..'gNzifU bmNzpfvUkd vJ...
aNcvSrf;wkefUoGm;\/ rsufvHk;rsm;ü Ny;D awmh ... tJ'g…&Supf &maumif;wmy…'Dvu kd , G …f ?
t&d y f t a,mif r sd K ; pH k a y:ayguf bmrSr&Sd / usKyf w d k U u awmuyg…aNr;uav;
Nzwf o ef ; oG m ;Muonf / wpf p H k w pf tbGm;tdk rsuEf mS uGuu f eJ ysuf rrmvdUk aq;&Hk vmwif&wm ESpyf gwf
&maom arSsmv f ifch suaf y:ü pdwrf csrI oGm;onf/ tNyHK; vnf;&kwfw&uf avmuf&NdS y?D taNctaeuvnf; odyf
a0cGrJ &rI yHpk o H iG f NyifrsKd ;rsm;NzifU tbGm; aysmufu, G of mG ;onf/ pmtdwu f kd udik f rxl;Ncm;em; vSwmeJY tJ'g 'Dreuf
tdo k nf acwåcP awmifh awmifh Mu;D vS s uf twef M um id k i f u s oG m ;\/ aq;xGu0f ,f&if; aA'if 0ifar; awmh
&yfaeao;\ aemufNyefvSnfhawmh aemufrS ab;bDukd owd &ovdk Munfh q&mu ,Mwmacswt hJ aeeJU vrf;qH?k
rvdk? a½SUquf vSrf;&awmh rvdkNzifh onf/ olUudk &yfMunfaY eol ESpOf ;D tm; vrf;cG? vrf;ab;? opfyifwpfae&mrSm
&kww f &uf bmvky&f rnfrod Nzpfae Nrifvu kd f &onfUtcg tbGm;tdo k nf ud, k wf wfeikd of avmuf yHUoul ypf&
[ef&Sdonf/ rsuEf mS rxm;wwfovdk NzpfomG ;av r,fw…hJ Ny;D awmh tif;csxm;wJh pm&Guf
xdkYaemuftzGm;tdkonf ESKwfcrf; onf/ xdt k csed wf iG f vli,fu olUxH ay:rSm pma&;cdik ;f w,f… usKyf u ra&;
tpHkudk wif;wif; zdvSsuf anmifyif avSsmuf vm\/ wwfawmU q&m ud, k w f ikd f a&;ay;&Sm
&if;odkU wpfvSrf;csif; avSsmufvm tbGm; enf;enf;av; aemufus w,f /tJ'geJU aps;xJu aq;qdik u f kd
awmhonf/ xdik af eol ESpOf ;D udk tuJ oGm;w,fAs… toGm; a[m'D anmifyifMu;D atmuf
cwfo vdk Munfo h nf/ anmifyif&if; apmapm uav;uyJ a[m'D tpfukd rSm yHo h ul ypfcw hJ m uG,.f ..
w0du k v f nf; a0h0í J Munfo h nf/wpfpkH &oGm;w,f tbGm;tdo k nf t0wfwpf 'gNzifh tck Nyefvm ,lwmu…...
18
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
w,f/pGeUf pGeUf pm;pm; aiG 10 usyu f cl Jh wdkUudk ykwfcwfí rsuf&nfudk xdef; rqdkifygbl;awmf...
ygw,f/a0'em&Sif use;f rmygap / onf/ wGeUf &IUH ESKwcf rf;rsm; w&G&G wkef 'gqdk&if xl;Ncm;wJh taNctae
ausmif;q&mwpfO;D vSKyfonf/ aMumifh 'DaiGukd taMumif;NyNy;D wd;k yGm;
awGU&So d o l Ukd …. om"k…om"kygawmf q&m0efMu;D wdUk ? vmwJh aiGqw kd mawmh aNymp&m rvdk
uG s ef r rS m uav; 5 a,muf pma&;Mu;D wd?Yk q&mMu;D wdYk use;f rmcsr;f awmhb;l aygh [kw&f UJ vm; ...
&Sdw,f/ ti,fqHk;u aq;cef;Nyae omMuygap vdk&mqE´ Nynfh0 Muyg [kwyf gw,fawmf...
&w,f/ 'DyHhouludk uGsefr vdkcsif ap…aNr;av;a&? aNr;av;&JU ukov kd f 'g[m yHUoul oabmyJ… cifAsm;[m
ygw,f/'gayrJh txufu a&;oGm;Mu twGuf 0dik ;f Mu 0ef;MuouGUJ … usKy&f if rvk y f a umif ; wJ U tvk y f u d k vk y f c J h
vSLoGm;MuolawGaMumifU csw D ckH swkH t xJrmS wpfrsKd ;Mu;D yJu, G f ... w,f … ud k , f a xG ; NyD ; om; wH a wG ; ud k
MumMuD;NzpfaeNyD;rS uGsefr r,lNzpf vli,fonf udv k 0l udk vSnMhf unfh bmNzpfvUkd NyefrsKd csi&f wmvJ ...
awmhyg/ vdkuf\/ aMomf…aq;zdk;0g;c rNynfUpHkawmh
þyHhouludk r,lNzpfawmh Ncif;Nzifh ud k v l 0 onf anmif N rpf a y:ü vnf; rwwfeikd w f UJ tqH;k …
uGserf uav;ESihf yHo h ul&iS \ f aNr; u at;aq;pGm xdik af eNyD Nzpfonf/ bmbJNzpfNzpfav…'grsKd ;[m tifr
av;wdYk use;f rmMuygap / 'DrmS …'DrmS 'Dupd u ö kd cifAsm;b,fvkd wef tNypfMu;D w,f…ud, k hf tefzwfukd
tvkyo f rwpfO;D ... oabm&ovJ.. Nyefpm;csiw f UJ …
tbGm;a& aemufq;kH vlu uAsm ud k v l 0 u at;aq;pG m armh a[Uvl
q&mAs ... Munfo h nf / vli,fu Mum;Nzwfí atmfvu kd f \/
orD;av;a&…'gawG[m uAsmuGUJ bmvJu-G -- cifAsm; vlwpfzufom;udk 'Davmuf
ighrmS &ifcek &f 'Du tbGm;Mu;D udp-ö -- xd aNymaep&m rvdkygbl;…yHhoul
avmuMuD;[m tJ'g ig bmvky&f rSmvJ--- Nypfwmvnf;olU aNr;av; twGuyf …J
aeaysmfygao;&JUvdkUvnf;tawG;&/ vli,fonf udv k 0l udk twefMum aq;zd;k vdvk Ukd …Nyef,cl siwf mvnf;olUaNr;
yHhoulyGJ pdkufí Munfh\ /xdkYaemuf atmuf av;twGuf yJ…ol w&m;w,fAs ...
igvnf; 0ifvUkd EGJ ESKwcf rf;udk tom udu k o f nf/ 'gayrJU oabmudk igaNymNy;D Ny.D ..
tdwx f u J 5 usyf uGseaf wmfom 'Dyo hH ulukd &cJUr,f… cifAsm; oabmMu;D u bmvkyzf Ukd vJ..
tNyD;owfxkwf,l Ny;D awmh 'Dvkd taNctaersKd ;eJUMuKH crhJ ,f [J U ..[J U armif & if a v;wd k U &J U
uAsmq&mh tvSL qd&k if..'Du tbGm;udk yHo h ul ydu k f awmfMuygawmh uG,f…usKyfuvnf;
ZrÁLrSm wpfvyl guG qHawG tukeNf yefay;vdu k rf mS yJ... Nyefawmif;aewm r[kwyf gbl;uG,hf
odMum;rif; tif; …[kwrf mS aygU…'gayrJU tck[m cifAsm;..olUudk rlvaiG 15 usyaf wmU
ausmufzsmtcif; u rif;&wmrS r[kwfbJ…NyD;awmU Nyef ay;oifw h ,f...
wif;a&mYv[ / / iguvnf;rif;r[kwb f ;l ..'gNzifch ifAsm; tdk rvdck siyf gbl;uG,.f ..
uAsm0goem&Siw f pfO;D / u Nyefray;edik b f ;l aygh ... a[haumif 'DaiG 60 [m ightwGuf
vli,fonf yHhoul tbGm;udk udv k 0l u NyKH ;vdu k o f nf/ bmrS Nzpfavmufwm r[kwb f ;l ..
armhMunfhvdkuf\/xdkUaemufpm&Guf 'Dae&mrSm oabmwpfc&k w dS ,fu.G 'g[m aiGupd ö r[kwb f ;l …oabmudpö
udvk rS ;f ay;vdu k o f nf/ yHo h ul&iS o f nf bmoabmvJ...yHo h ul oabm uG...
pm&G u f u d k vuf w G i f ud k i f v S s uf av…uJ'rD mS tbGm;Mu;D usKyaf r;r,f?'D r[kwfbl; ..bmoabm udpö
awGawGMuD; ai;pdkufMunfh aeav yhHoulaiG15 usyf[m cifAsm;udk,f rS r [k w f b l ; ? 'g[m apwemud p ö ?
onf/ wkef,ifaeaom vufacsmif; wdik pf eG Uf cJUwm trSeyf aJ emf ... cifAsm;oabmMu;D u rSecf sirf S rSev f rd hf
rsm;NzifU ol rzwf edik af om pmaMumif; olwYkd ESpaf ,muf tMum;ü aMumif r,f?'gayr,fh apwem rrSeb f ;l ? vkyf
rsm;udk tomt,m yGwfoyf vSsuf trf;trf; NzpfvsS u&f dS aom yHo h ul&iS f &yfrrSeb f ;l tHMh ow,f Asm…&Sm;w,f
&S\
d / a0oD rsuv f ;kH tpHük rsu&f nfp u tvSsit f Nrefacgif;ndw\ f /'gNzifU'D udvk 0l onf &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm; NzpfomG ;\/
rsm; a0hwuf vmMuonf/ rsuaf wmif aiG[m cifAsm;eJU qdik af o;&JUvm; ... atmifrm…vluNzifh vufravmuf &Sd
20
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
ewfpdrf;
pHndrf;OD;
pdwf"gwfrD;v#Hrsm;
va&mifuif;rhJ
avajyEkat; uif;rJh aoG;yifvx J J
acwftarSmif&moD =urf;awGxrJ mS rsu&f nfork'&N mxJrmS
b0vrf;awGay:rSm wdu
k yf &JG &J ifph wd f æ ±Guv f i$ x hf v l mcJah yg?h
r[kwrf cHpw d u f ay;qyfaºuvGio hf mG ;
yef;EkaoG; zdwv f #cH ?hJ =u,fyiG rhf sm;&J@ vrf;rvrf;oG,af y:rSm
yef;Ek&ifjh c,f vGwv f yfrc_ sppf w d f ajrr_e@f rsm;
trSew f &m;csppf w d f tES,u f s ausmufajymif;oGm;
ta&miftqif;pdww f @kd tjrpfpJG pdw"f gwaf usuo f m;jzpfvm
b0xJ ESv;kH oJrmS ? oHr%djzpfvm
=uyfc;kd eJ@ EGm;acs;zGuef @J pG+J rJayusaH ewJh aemufawmh tEkjrLAH;k rsm;jzpfv@kd vm?
EGm;wif;ukwf tdru f av;awGxrJ mS ZGo
J wWrd ;D v#H
olw@kd av#mufwhJ xGev f rf;a=umif; aumuf±;kd puULrD;r[kwaf wmh
b,fvrf;a=umif;awGay:rSm taqmufttHak [mif;rms;
id±k u
_d +f iD;nLoHawGvr$ ;f xm; wdu k pf m;apwJrh ;D v#H
+rdK@jyb0vrf;rsm;ay:rSm oHukd t&nfaysmw f hJ rD;v#ZH pJG w d f
qif;&Jrw G o f w d f w&J&w J &dy&f yd f
zdEydS w f if;aESmifra_ tmufu pG+J rJpo
k w d f
vGwaf jrmufvrkd _ ywWjrm;a&mif tdk æ wu,fu h kd pkow d rf t JG vkH @kd ? ?
wzdwzf w
d f wvufvuf xGe;f ajymifvmcJ?h
xl;wifh ('DZbFm 26/ 2008)
22
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
vufxu
J reufjzef
&J&ifah tmif
(e,l;a'vD)
±kyyf suq
f if;ysuf pum;vH;k awGe‹J xd;k ESu+f yD;±Hw
k if tm;r&? Mic Stand eJ‹ ±du
k /f xdik cf ekH ‹J xk/ zdik ef ‹J ypfayguw
f ,f?
trsK;d om;awGomr[kw/f trsK;d orD;awGvnf; 0if}uJ=uw,f?olw‹kd vnf; a'ge‹J armeJ‹yif? ud, k u f m, tm;EJ‹G orl ‹kd nm‡ r,f
rxifaveJ‹?a,mufsm;om;awGu vlcsi;f zufv;kH zd‹k yg óu;pm;w,f?rde;f rom;awGu vufonf;eJ‹uyk zf /hJ vSr;f +yD;yg;±du k ?f
vufoD;eJ‹vnf; [dkbuf'Dbuf xdk;=uaygh?
'gu *Dwazsmaf jzyJrG [kw/f omrefpnf;a0;yJrG [kw/f WWF ebrf;yJv G nf; - r[kwaf &;cs r[kw?f trwfrif;awG&ŒJ
v$waf wmftwGi;f u t=urf;zufwu kd yf yGJ g? yg;pyfxu
J tvH;k }uD;awGe‹J wzufom;&JŒem;xife‹J &ifneG ‹f qD wnfrh wfpmG csed f
ypft+yD;/us,af vmifwhJ toH}uD;awGe‹J a&yufr0if atmf[pfajymqdrk t _ qH;k ? t,ltqawG rD;uke, f rf;ukef ypfvw$ f
azmufcJG+yD;aemuf yl;=uuyf=ueJ‹ udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmf=uygawmhw,f?
ygwD *d%
k ;f *%awG tckvkd tEkid }f uJ/ tòydiEf w $J mudk tdE,
dN atmufvw$ af wmf Lok Sabha rSm jrifz;l w,f?±kyjf rif
oH=um; zefom;jyifrmS / Edik if w
H csKŒd vnf; 'Dvykd gy?J vrf;rxuf qENjyyJaG wGuae v$waf wmftwGi;f wku d yf q
GJ ?D wzefvw
$ f
awmf'ikd ,
f mavmhuae vrf;rxuf qENjyyJaG wGqD jyefausmv h mw,f? &ifoyf±a_ rmzG,f Ekid if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_ oHo&mpuf0ikd ;f
w0dkif;ES,f?
jrefrmtrwfawG&ŒJ tkid ,
f mvefnv
D mcHrmS vnf; aqmfyavmfw;D w,fv‹kd =um;&awmh ±kww f &uf vef‹omG ;w,f?
[mueJ [ifueJ? rcswd ifu?J ta&;xJ t&may:wmvm;/ tcsOaf ygupf w d af wG ysKŒd tefxu
G u
f svmwmvm;? &mxl;+rJa&;
a,mif 60 tawG;rSm tvkyfrwGif/ rpm;&0cref; pum;awGeJ‹ a,mifawmifaygifawmif vkyfvdk‹r&/ twGif;tjyif
woHxq J dkwmudk awmifa&mufajrmufa&muf vkyf[efawGe‹J azmfvdk‹rjzpf? 'gu tapmqHk;owif;tay: cHpm;rdwm?
NCG tpd;k &0ef}uD;/ NCG eJ‹ trwfrsm;or*~ MPU yl;wJaG =unmcsuaf wG jrif&ygrS awmfygao;&JŒvd‹k oufjyif;
csrw
d m? 'Dvakd v;u awmfygao;&JŒayg?h
(2)
'Dvkd owif;rsK;d awG xGuaf ecsed /f jynfwiG ;f rSm 10 a&G;aumufy0GJ ifa&; jyifqifoaH wG qlnaH ew,f?
ajAmifa=unm/ e,fvn S phf nf;±H;k olawGtjyif/ jynfwiG ;f jynfyuae acsmif;ajrmif;aeolawG &Syd gw,f? ppftpk;d &&JŒ
oaE<q;kd /vky&f yfq;kd / OD;wnfcsuq f ;dk awG[m b,favmuf ,kwn f ahH =umif; tvG,w f ul odayr,fh acwfysuf tcGit hf
a&;&Sm/ tcGit hf vrf;csŒJ / cH,cl surf &Sb d J tm%mzufw, G v f o
kd al wG &Syd gw,f? (90 a&G;aumufyrGJ mS w,fvzD ek ;f eJ‹"mwfq&D
a&;avmufe‹J oGm;&nfusoal wG/ a&&Snrf vdu k Ef idk v
f ‹kd wzkwzf wk f òydvo J al wG &Scd w
hJ mygy?J )
xd a &muf w J h vk y f [ ef j zpf a tmif jyif q if z d k ‹ qd k w m ta&;}uD ; a=umif ; acgif ; aqmif } uD ; awG od + yD ; om;yg?
acgif ; csif ; qk d i f wd k i f y if & r,f h tcsd e f y g? tcsif ; csif ; - wcgquf q H q,f c gvef w J h tayguf r sKd ; / tm%mvk t k y f
pkzJG‹/ tjypfa&Smif&muae jy\emawG ryGm;apvdkygbl;? udk,fhbmom ydwfavSmiftarSmifcswJh orkdif;tusOf;
24
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
(3)
'gayrJh jynfow
l &yfv;kH eJ‹ oufqidk w
f hJ r[mwku d yf }GJ uD;udak wmh t&Sno f jzifh taxmuftulrjzpf/ cGet f m;rjzpfyg?
rxifrw
S wf hJ ta=umif;aygi;f pHu
k ae vuf&&dS efoel ‹J wku
d yf [ GJ m +yD;jywfEidk af yr,fh 'DrD u
dk a&pD Ekid if aH wmfrmS jy\emaygi;f pHk
qufrwufapvdyk gb;l ? ,H=k unfr_ wnfaqmufz‹kd tcufawG‹rmS pd;k ygw,f?
awmf&if aumif;ayr,fh rdwzf ufawG=um; tawmf,w k f t,kwaf wmf tjzpfrsK;d qd&k if tm;aysmph &m/ pdwaf cGp&m?
&efo&l ŒJ ajc[efvuf[efrsK;d eJ‹r‹kd twl,w
k /f t,kww
f v
l ‹kd pGypf rGJ cHapvdyk g?usaemfw‹kd [m trsK;d ,kwf t,kwrf sK;d r[kw=f u
ygbl;?
urB m ay:rS m aomuf o H k ; rusqH k ; / wrsKd ; om;vH k ; t&S u f u J G a p&wJ h zuf q pf t pd k ; & vuf a tmuf r S m
wEdkifiHvHk;edrfhusqif;&Jaewmyg? 10 a&G;aumufyJGtwGuf ta&;ay:aecsdef tckvdk tajctaerSm wkdufyJG0ifolawG
taeeJ‹ pdwx f m;jrifjh rwf/ trsK;d jrwf+yD; aygi;f pnf;Edik &f efom &Syd gw,f? tav#mufrwwfv‹kd taxmif;cH&r,fq&kd ifvnf;
&Syd gap? trsK;d ,kw/f t,kwrf sK;d awG uif;&Si;f zd‹k ygy?J
NrefNref qefqef wufedkifoluawmU udkNroef;yJ/ olu rdrd&JU pmtkyfawGudk a0zefw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u olu opf
vrf;avSsmuform;r[kwfvm;/reufwdkif; vrf;avSsmuf vkyfief;rSm ti,fwef;t&m&Sdwpfa,mufeJUwlw,f/vSnf;
aewJh olr[kwfvm;/ wef;pHy,fNcHrSm aew,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u udkrif;ausmf tdrfeJU
'DtxJrmS taNctaeaumif;aumif;eJY £aNE´ rysuf rvSr;f rurf;yg/ aemuf e,fukd &mxl;wufNy;D aNymif;&w,f/
wufeikd of w
l pfO;D uawmU avxD;OD;tke;f armifbJ Nzpfw,f/ yxr aumvif;rSm? aemufrHk&Gm/
olucg;emaevdkU tvmwkef;uqdk&if &xm;eJU vm&w,f e,fudka&mufawmU e,fu pmay rdwfaqGawG
r[kwfvm;/ olu bkwvifudk 'kwd,tMudrf a&mufwm eJUaygif;rdw,f/pmqdkawmf tcrf;tem;awGrSmyg0ifw,f/
yg/ yxrtMurd af &mufpOfu taMumif;udk EG,ef D ('DZifbm &efukefuvmwJU pma&;q&mawGeJU oduGsrf; cifrif&w,f/
1996)rSmaqmif;yg; a&;cJhygw,f/ pma&;q&m awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk olow d ,f/aemuf&efuek f
wGif;awmifu tNyefrSm udkNroef;eJU rdrdwdk vrf;cGJ udk ol NyefaNymif;vm&w,f/&efukefqdkayr,fU oefvsif
Muygw,f/olu a[maNymyGJc&D;udk qufygw,f/ rdrdwdkU wef 100 opfpufrmS refae*smaygU/tJ'rD mS olu rdrw d Ukd udk
aemuf wpfygwfavmuf aemufusNyD;rS &efukefudkNyef rMumcP auGs;arG;w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u wHwm; rNyD;ao;
a&mufygw,f/ awmU um;wpfwef oabFmwpfwef oGm;&w,f/ ntdyf
aeMu&w,f/ rdrdwdkU ntdyfNyD; pm;MuaomufMu? pum;
( *) aNymMu&w,f/ tifrwef auseyfMu&w,f/
aemuf olAdkvfwpfaxmifopfpuf udk aNymif;&
&efukefa&mufNyD; rMumrDrSmyif olESifU at;at; aq;aq; w,f/ refae*smyJaygU/tck awmU vufaxmuf taxGaxG
wpf M ud f r f q H k N zpf a o;w,f / wpf r euf r S m ol U qD u refae*smtNzpfeJU tvHk trSwf( 1 )opfpufudk a&mufvm
zkef;vmw,f/ w,f/
]cifAsm;bmvdkU zkef;rqufwmvJ} tck tvHkrSm? raeUnuyJ uGsefawmfUqDvmw,f/
olut&if tNypfwifvdkufw,f/ olucifAsm;wdkUudk zdwfay;ygvdkU aNymw,f/cifAsm; wdkufrSm
]qufw,f cifAsm; Nyefra&mufao;bl;} vmac:vdrfUr,f/
rdrdwpfcg qufw,f/ol ra&mufao;/ [kwfNyDav ...
]tckNyefa&mufNyD} csdef;onfUaeUwGif udkNroef;u zkef;qufNyefonf/
]b,fwkef;ua&mufwmvJ} 'DrmS uGseaf wmfUudk 0ifac:yg/ tvHu k o
kd mG ;&rSmyJ? uGseaf wmf
]wpfaeUub}J/ tdrfuyJ apmifUr,f ...
'DrSm uGsefawmfaNymr,f/tckMumoyaw;aeUrSm ][kwfNyDav}
0if;nGefUedkifu csdef;xm;w,f/ cifAsm;&,f? uGsefawmf&,f? rdrdESifUarmifaoG;opfudk udk0if;nGefYedkif\ om; vm
ausmfatmif&,f? iaoG;&,f? 'gayr,fh ausmfatmif rvm ac:w,f/ prf;acsmif;udk 0ifNy;D udNk roef;udak c:w,f/ tvHk
edik b
f ;l / tJ'aD eUrSm yckuLú oGm;r,f/ tJ'aD wmh uGseaf wmfwUkd opfpufudka&mufawmh 5 em&Dxdk;aeNyD/ rdrdwdkUtm;vHk;yif
3 a,mufyJ/ iaoG;udk aNymNyD;NyD/cifAsm;wdkufudk vmvdrfY ol\rdom;pkrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;olrsm; NzpfMuw,f/
r,f/ cifAsm;wdkufrSm um;vmMudKr,f/nae 4em&D uGsef rdom;pkESifh pum;aNymMuw,f/
awmfvmcJr,f/ xd k U aemuf ud k N roef ; ES i f h rd r d u bk w vif c &D ;
aetHk; -- 0if;nGefUedkifu ck b,frSmvJ/ cifAsm;eJ taMumif; twefMumatmif aNymrdw,f/NyD;rS udk0if;nGefY
b,fwkef;u awGUwmvJ ... edkifu olU udpö wpfckudk aNymw,f/
udk0if;nGefUedkifu rdrdwdkU\ pmayrdwfaqGwpfOD; olUudpöu opfvkyfief;tzGJUu a&T&wk txdrf;
Nzpf y gw,f / tvsOf ; oif h w d k i f ; rd r d w d k U ud k zd w f a c:NyD ; trSwf r*¾Zif;xkwfrnfhudpö/ rdrd wdkUxH tultnD awmif;
auGs;arG;avY&Sdygw,f/olu pmay0goemygw,f/ pmzwf ygw,f/rdrdwdkUuvnf; pmrlpkaqmif;a&;udpö? yHkESdyf xkwf
w,f/ rdrw d Ukd &JU pmtkyaf wG tm;vH;k avmufukd zwfz;l w,f/ a0a&; udpörsm;udk tMuHay;Muygw,f/
udk0if;nGefUedkifESifY rdrdodonfuMumNyD/ rdk;a0acwfu r*¾Zif;taMumif; aNym&if; pum;pyfrdovdk pma&;
wnf;uNzpfw,f/ rdk;a0rSm pmtkyf a0zefcsuf a&;w,f/
28
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
q&mrsm;taMumif;? pmay avmutaMumif; aNymrd aomMumaeUrSmvnf; olUqDroGm;Nzpf/oGm;vSsif
Muw,f/ vnf; awGUrnfr[kwf/ol u aomMumaeUrSm usdKufxD;&dk;
n10 em&DavmufrS 0dkif;odrf;Muw,f/ oGm;Ny/D vrf;avSsmuftzGUJ awGUESi/hf we*FaEG nrSNyefa&muf
tJ'g Zefe0g&D 29aygh/ w,f/
paeaeUwGif udkNrwfaqGu-
(C) ]wevFmaeUus&if q&mNrqD uGsefawmf0ifcJUr,f/
tJ'Dudk uGsefawmf oGm;p&m &Sdw,f}
udkNroef;(wifh)eJU rdrd aemufqHk; awGUvdkuf&wmu ]aumif;om;yJ}
awmh tJh'Daemuf 10 &ufavmuftMumrSmaygh/ aNry wevFmaeYwGif rdrd r*¾Zif;wdkufodkU a&mufNyD;
a'omuGsef;u &Srf;uefpm;aomufqdkifrSm yJaygh/ rMumrDrmS yJ udNk rwfaqG a&mufvmw,f/ odUk aomfoUl xHwiG f
wdwdusus aNym&&if azazmf0g&Dv 10 &uf?t*Fg udkNroef;\ pmrlygrvmyg/owif;qdk;om ygvmygw,f/
aeUaygh/ ol avSum;ay:u vdrfhruscif 4 &uf? ol ruG,f q&mNr avSum;ay:u vdrfhusvdkU aq;&Hkwif&w,f/
vGefrSD 8 &ufaygh / ][kwfvm; ? a&mufcJhvm;}
&Srf;uefyGJu &Srf;uefydkif&Sif udkcifarmifOD;u pma&; ra&mufbl;? uGsefawmf olUqDoGm;rvdkU zkef;quf
q&mawGudk txl;zdwfMum;NyD; {nfhcHwJh rdwfqHkyGJyg/ awmh olUtrsdK;orD;eJUbJ awGUw,f/ reufu vrf;avSsmuf
udkcifarmifOD; qdkwmu pm;aomufqdkifavmu&JU oGm;rvdkU avSum;u tqif;rSm vdrfUusvdkU aq;&Hkwif
txifu& wpfOD;yg/yxr yef;bJwef;rSm a&TbJzGifUw,f/ vd k u f & w,f / tck a wmh cG J p d w f c ef ; xJ u xG u f N yD w J U /
aemuf eef;oDwmbJav;eJU rEåav; NrdKYrSmbJav; qdkifawG oufomygw,fwJh}
xyfzGifhw,f/ NyD;awmU uefawmfr*Fvmu &Srf;uefeJU ]r[kwfbl; udk NrwfaqG? cGJpdwfcef; 0if&w,fqdk&if
usHK;MuD;vrf;u oiftm/ tckwpfcg uefawmfMuD; aNrya' "Pf&m awmfawmfNyif;vdrfhr,f}
omuG s ef ; rS m &S r f ; uef w pf q d k i f x yf z G i f h w ,f / ol u ]vm uGsefawmfwdkUoGm;&atmif}
pmayavmueJY tuGsrf;0ifw,f/ pmayorm;awG&JU {nfUcH uGsefawmfwdkU&efukefaq;&HkMuD;udk oGm;Muw,f/ taqmif
yH u
JG kd txl;pDpOfay;w,f/ eef;oDwmbJav;rSm ocifNroef; 5-6 \ txl;Muyf rwf ukoaqmifodkU oGm;Muw,f/
uG,fvGefNcif; tESpf20 yGJrSm olUudk yxrqHk; awGUzl;w,f/ txl;Muyfrwfukoaqmift0 pMuFefay:rSm rsuf
tJ'Dnu pma&;q&m av;ig;q,favmuf vmMu ESmnSKd;i,fpGmeJU&SdaeMuwJU ol\vrf;avSsmufazmf OD;udkudk
w,f/ pm;yG0J ikd ;f av;yJ/udNk roef;u rdrEd iS Uf wpf0ikd ;f wnf;'g MuD;eJUOD;odef;xGef;wdkUudkawGU&w,f/ olwdkUxH rStaNctae
ayr,fh olu rdrw d Ukd 0dik ;f rSm MumMumraeedik yf g/ tJ'aD eUrSmrS rSeuf kd od&w,f/ aq;&Hk a&mufa&mufcsi;f cGw J ,fO;D aPSmuf
wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif olUrSm tNcm;yGJwpfyGJ &Sdae w,f/olU&JU xJu aoG;xGufaew,f/ aoG;oGif;xm; &w,f/ tcGifUt
vrf;avSsmuftzGJUawGyJ/olwdkUuvnf;vl ESpfq,f tpdwf vrf;u 75% ?25% rSsom/ uH w&m;udk om tm;udk; &
avmuf&Sdw,f/rdrdwdkUu tNyifbuf Nrufcif;NyifrSm? olwdkU awmUr,f/
ucef;raqmiftwGif;u pm;yGJ&SnfMuD;rSm/udkNroef;twGif; OD;udkudkMuD;eJU OD;odef;xGef;wdkUu usdKufxD;&dk;c&D;
buf 0dik ;f udk toGm;rSm rdrEd iS Uf ESpf a,mufwnf; pum;aNym pOftaMumif;udk aNymNyMuw,f/ xdkc&D;pOfwGif udkNroef;
Nzpfw,f/pMuFefvrf;ay:rSm rwfwyf&yfNyD; ---- txl;wufMuv G su&f o dS nfukd pdwrf aumif; pGmNzifU NyefaNym
]a[hvl pmrlay;av} Muw,f/ ,aeUvnf; olwdkUESifUtwl vrf;avSsmuf&ef
][m…tapmMuD;&Sdao;w,f/} &SdonfrS-
]b,fapmrvJ?uaeU 10&ufav}
]a&;vdkufr,f? aMomf t*Fvdyfvlemawmh NyD;aeNyD} (i)
]reufNzef vm,lr,f}
od k U aomf roG m ;Nzpf y g/aemuf w pf a eUu Nynf rdrdonfpmaya[maNymyGJudk rvdkufawmUoNzifU
axmifpak eU/ xdEk pS &f ufuom olq Y D rdro
d mG ;NzpfvsS if aemuf olESifUtwl ra[maNym&aomfvnf; tNcm;c&D;rsm;wGifrl
qHk;tMudrf xyfNyD;awGU&OD;rnf/ ,ckawmU &Srf;uefrSm twl o G m ;&w,f / NyD ; cJ h w J h arvwk e f ; u Nrpf M uD ; em;
awGUqHkNcif;u aemufqHk;awGUqHkNcif;/ pmrsufESm-31 odk@
29
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
31
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
tm[m&pmtkypf iif æ
usaemfwdk@.awmfvSefa&;c&D;vrf;onf tweftwifhc&D;aygufcJh=u+yD/ &Snf=umcJh+yDjzpfonf?c&D;vrf;wav#muf
wGif ay;qyf&if;ES;D r_rsm;udk 0rf;enf;a=uuGrJ r_ sm;jzifh cg;oD;r_rsm;pGmjzifah y;xm;cJ=h u&onf? pkpnf;pGm vkyaf qmif=u&if;
rwlnrD a_ wG uGjJ ym;r_awG &Scd =hJ uonf? nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmuf&if; pnf;vH;k r_awGtm;enf;cJ=h uonf? tm;enf;csuf
rsm;udk jyifqif=u+yD; Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;xuf Edik if aH &;okcrderf sm;jzpfvm=uap&ef }udK;yrf;=uapcsiyf gonf? awmfveS af &;
.oabmobm0/ Edik if aH &;.oabmobm0wd@k ukd pepfwusavhvm+yD; }udK;yrf;tm;xkw=f urSomv#iEf ikd if aH &;okcrdef
rsm; wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmrnfjzpfonf?
,ckvtwGuf pifwifpm
ArmhEikd if aH &;okcrdef
( armifxif )
q&marmifxifa&;om;onf? (1965) ckEpS f atmufwb
kd mvwGif ESv;kH vSpmaywdu
k rf S yxrt}udrjf zef@
csdxkwfa0onf?
u|Eyfk w
f @kd .awmfveS af &;rSm jrefrmhawmfveS af &;omjzpf&rnf[al om oabmudk em;r0ifEikd =f uao;?awmf
vSeaf &;udk umAGeaf umfyD ul;ovdk yHw k al umfyD ul;csEikd rf o
S m awmfveS af &;jzpf&rnf[k ,lqae=uonf?
xdev
f if;atmif
32
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
zdk;armifpdwf"gwf
t"GefY&Snfygap
pufwifbmv twGif;wkef;u rZösdrtGefvdkif;rSm waumifrusef usaemf vdkufowfae&ao;w,f? usaemf
wifcw hJ hJ aqmif;yg;jzpfygw,f/ q&mBu;D rif;ok0PfarG;aeY tdyfcsifw,f q&mav; qdkNyD; armifxl;&Sifvnf; usaemfh
&mjynfh txdrf;trSwftaeeJY a&;cJhwmyg/ vufay:rSm xm0& tdyfaysmfoGm;cJhw,f/
armifxl;&Sif u tif;pm&if;iSg;wOD;&JUom;/ tar
(u) r&dSbl;/ qif;&Jvdkufwmvnf; rajymygeJYawmh/ NyD;awmh
usaemfeJYtwl bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSmyJ ausmif;tdyfausmif;
1973 - ck E S p f u yg .../ ]a&OD ; ] qd k w J h pm;/ ol tckvdk ydk;xdNyD;qHk;awmh &Gmom; wcsKdUu olYtaz
wHig&Gmuav;w&GmrSm &GmiSg; ausmif;q&m vkycf phJ Ofwek ;f u udk ajr§mufay;vdkY 'dkife,f½Hk;rSm usaemfu w&m;&ifqdkif&
BuHKcJh&wJhtjzpftysufuav;wckyg/ 'Dwkef;u usaemfu ao;w,f/ 'Dvkd ab;Oyg'f tEå&m,f&w Sd t
hJ vkyu
f kd bmjyKvYkd
bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm uyfaeNyD;? pyg;eJYiSg;wJh &GmiSg;ausmif; usaemfu uav;awGukd vkycf ikd ;f &ovJaygh/ usaemfzh ufu
q&mvkyfaewJhtcsdef ]armifxl;&Sif} qdkwJh ausmif;om; vdkufygajym qdkMuwJh ausmif;om;rdbawGvnf; &dSygw,f/
av;eJ Y q H k c J h M uygw,f / ausmif ; &ef y H k a iG & zd k Y twG u f usaemfuawmh bmrS rckccH b hJ ;l / w&m;Oya't&om vkyzf Ykd
pyg;vd k u f & d w f M u&if ; u ]armif x l ; &S i f } yd k ; xd y gw,f / acgif;xdk;NyD; &ifqdkifcJhw,f/ armifxl;&Sif twGuf aMuuGJ
ydk;xdxm;wJh ]armifxl;&Sif} u olYudk ydk;xdvdkufwJhtcg &wmyJ usaemfodw,f/ aemufqHk;awmhvnf; armifxl;&Sif
olaY b;rSmuyfNy;D &yfaewJh usaemfu h kd aemufuq kd yk zf Ykd ajymyg &JU zcifu trIudk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;NyD; wjcm; &Gmudk ajymif;
w,f/oleJY&ifabmifwef;NyD; &yfaeMuwJh ausmif;om;awG oGm;ygw,f/ usaemfhrSmawmh ydk;xdNyD; vJusoGm;wJh armif
tm;vHk; aemufudk qkyfcdkif;ygw,f/ NyD;awmhrS olYajc xl ; &S i f ud k arh v k d Y r &Ed k i f b l ; / ol aemuf q H k ; ajymcJ h w J h
axmufatmufu ajrGayG;udk wHpOfeJYjzwf? tJ'D ajrGayG;u pum;awGudk em;xJu rxGufEdkifbl;/ “armifxl;&Sif” [m
aygufxm;wJh ajrGayG;tao;av;awGudk wHZOf taESmifheJY usaemf h t wG u f a wmh wu,f h u d k tnMwol & J a umif ;
vdkufxk .../ yg;pyfuvnf; usefwJhausmif;om;awG jzpfcJhawmhwmaygh/
uefoif;½d;k ay: wufaeMuzdaYk jym/ olu olaY e&m w0du k u
f kd
pyg;yifawGNzJNyD; wHZOfeJYvdkufxk? zaemifheJYayguf vkyfae (c)
awmh olYudk ydk;xdxm;w,fvdkY b,folrS rxifbl;aygh/
usaemfwt Ykd m;vH;k uefoif;½d;k ay:a&mufNy;D olu Y kd 0dik ;f Munfh acwfprf;pmqdkBuD; ]rif;ok0Pf} rSm trsm;twGuf
aewk e f ; pyg;awmxJ ol ypf N yD ; vJ u soG m ;rS ol Y u d k tepfemcHol? trsm;twGuf toufay;zdkY 0efrav;ol
ydk;xdvdkufNyDqkdwm odMu&wm/ usaemfu b,fausmif; ESpfOD;udk t"duZmwfaumifxm;NyD; zGJUwJhuAsm (2)yk'f&dSyg
om;rS v,fuGufxJ rqif;apyJ olYtem;udk usaemfw w,f/ (2) yk'fpvHk; emrnftvGefBuD;yg w,f/ ] zdk;armif
a,mufxJ ajy;qif;vdu k af wmh ]armifx;l &Si}f u owdawmh vmNyD} qdkwJh uAsmeJY ]olYrSmwrf;} qdkwJh uAsm (2) yk'fyg/
rvpfao;bl;/ vJae&mu vl;vJxNyD; usaemfhudk olYt usaemfuawmh usaemfhtxGm? usaemfh ESvHk;om;
em;rvmzdkY ajymaeao;w,f/ olYtem;udk ZGwfwdk; vmwJh tcHtay: rlwnfNy;D “zd;k armifvmNy”D uAsmudk ydNk y;D ESpo f uf
usaemfu h kd pum;wcGe;f ESpcf eG ;f ajymEdik af o;w,f/ ]armifx;l w,f/ ydNk y;D cHpm;&w,f/ bmjyKvv Ykd nf;qdak wmh tJ'u D AsmxJ
&Sif} aemufqHk;ajymoGm;wJh pum;u usaemfwdkYtm;vHk; u t"duZmwfaumif “zdk;armif” u omrmeftnMw
rsuf & nf r qnf E d k i f a tmif jzpf M u&w,f / ]usaemf h u d k yk*¾dKvfwa,muf jzpfwm&,f? usaemfh ol&Jaumif; armif
yd k ; xd x m;NyD ; NyD } iH k Y M unf h a wmh om;ayguf u av;awG xl;&Skif eJYvnf; wlw,fxifvdkY ]zdk;armifvmNyD} uAsmudk
taxG;vdu k yf J ...? 'geJyY J wjcm;vlawG tudu k cf &H rSmpd;k vdYk ydkNyD; ESpfoufcHpm;vdkY&wmyg/
33
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
]zdk;armifvmNyD} uAsmrSm uAsmhy&d,m,fawG? t 'D u Asm (3) yk d ' f [ m? uAsmh Z mwf a umif a wG & J U
ajymeJY tjyawGuvnf; “olYrSmwrf;” uAsmxuf usaemfh vIyfaewJh p½kdufawGudk ay:atmifzGJwJh tydk'fawGygyJ/
udkydkNyD; pGJaqmifEdkifw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY ajym&&if tajymeJY ZmwfaumifawG&UJ tvIyt f &Sm;tay: rlwnfNy;D uAsmzwf
tjy ESpcf pk vH;k a&mNy;D azmfjyxm;wJh zd;k armif &Gmudk 0ifvmwJh oludk pdwfrsufapheJY jrifEdkifatmifzGJUwJh uAsmydk'fawGyg/
tcef;? zdk;armifeJY "g;jyawG rawGUcif? zdk;armifudk "g;jy 'DuAsmyd'k af wGukd tm;,lNy;D zd;k armif &JU aMuuGzJ Ukd aumif;wJh
awGu rowfcif? zdk;armif "g;jyawG towfcH&wJhn? Zmwfvrf;eJY *kPfjyKzdkYaumif;wJh zdk;armifhpdwf"gwfudk uAsm
zdk;armif&Gmudk jyefvmwwfwJh tcsdef ... tJ'Dtcsdef zwfolawG&JU &ifxJta&muf ydkYvdkufwmyg/
uav;udk azmfjywJhtcef;? NyD;awmh zdk;armifu atmf[pf omrmeftm;jzifh Munfh&ifawmh “zdk;armifvmNyD”
owday;vdYk w&GmvH;k armif;xkatmf [pfMuwJt h cef; ...? uAsm[m aMuuGJp&maumif;wJh Zmwfvrf;av;wckudk
tJ'D uAsmydk'fawG[m 0PÖwckcsif;pD t&aum? yg' yHjk yifqefqef ajymjywJh uAsmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh uAsmzwfou l
waMumif;pDt&yg tifrwefxda&muf? wdus? uspfvpf? jznfhNyD; awG;&r,fh jr§Kyfxm;wJhudpöawG? uAsmzwfolu
tm;aumif;wmawGUMu&ygw,f/ qifyh mG ;Ny;D awG;,l&r,fh *,ufteufawGuawmh wawm
wawmifvHk; ESHYatmif vdkufawG;vdkY&Edkifrvm;yJ/
zdk;armifhoHMum;? uif;orm;u ]zdk;armif} [m omrmefqif;&Jom;? vufvIyfrS yg;
wHcg;BuD;atmuf? rvG,faygufudk pyfvIyf&wJh ½Gmomav;wOD;yg/ uAsmxJrSm azmfjyrxm;
wpfa,muf0ifom? zGifhvdkufygaomf awmh olYrSm rdbESpfyg;rS &dSao;&JUvm;/ &dS&ifvnf; touf
,mwGiftkyfaqmif;? 0Jwufacsmif;ESifh t&G,fBuD; &ifhMuolawG? 'grSr[kwf usef;rma&; cßGwf,Gif;
cg;apmif;udk,fudkif;? ig;yvdkif;udk MuolawG? 'grSr[kwf rdpHkzpHkrS &dS&JUvm;/ zm;&Smig;&SmNyD;rS
vG,fodkif;NyD;vSsif? &Gmudk0ifonf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;&wJh ol .../ zdk;armif&JU qefwGif;
vlyifavvm;? wapävm;/ [m olrsm;wumxuf ydkNyD; eufrSmuawmh aocsmNyDaygh/
'gaMumifrh Ykd ]zd;k armif} qdw
k m &GmrSm vl&m0ifwhJ taetxm;
aemufxyfwykd'fu ...? b,f&dSEdkifyghrvJ/ zdk;armifvdk qif;&Jom;vli,fwa,muf?
&GmrSm r&dS&ifvnf; bmrSydkNyD; rxl;jcm;Edkifavmufatmif
aqmif;wpfnü ... wu,fu h kd ta&;ryg t&mrajrmufwhJ vlwa,muf/
csrf;jrpdrfhat;? vjcrf;auG;í vlawG[m zm;&Smig;&Smpm;&wJh “zdk;armif” udk b,f*½kpkduf
&Gmab;usDysuf? arSmifeufeufrS MurSmvJ/ b,fuGrf;awmifudkif? b,f ydkufqH &dSol? b,frd
ZD;uGufuatmf? awmufwJhaMumfpOf om;pk u rS ]zd k ; armif } ud k ]xrif ; vmpm;vS n f h O D ; } vd k Y
&Gmay:vTrf;atmif? *kyfusm;a[mifonf wul;wuefY xrif;zdwfaußG;Muol &dSyghrvJ/
zdk;armif vmcsdefygwum;/ ]zdk;armif} u uif;orm;awGeJYawmh tqifajy
atmif qufqH xm;yH&k ygw,f/nBu;D rif;Bu;D tcsed rf awmf
aemufxyfwydk'f ...? &GmudkjyefvmwJh ]zdk;armif} udk? uif;orm;wdkif;u rvG,f
aygufudk tomzGifhay;zdkY 0efrav; Mubl;/ zdk;armif&JUb0
odkYjzpfaomfjim;? cgwpfyg;odkY [m qif ; &J y gw,f / ½d k ; pif ; ygw,f / rxl ; jcm;bl ; /
wHcg;0ifvdk? ol rqdkbJ rxif&Sm;bl;/ rBuD;rm;bl;/
“armif;udkxkyg? vlpkyga[h? wnrSmawmh &GmudkuyfNyD; "g;jywdkufzdkY acsmif;ae
&Gmudkab;rS? umuG,fMuavmh? MuwJh "g;jywodkufeJY ig;&SmNyD; jyefvmwJh zdk;armifwdkY
"g;jyightm;? zrf;íxm;” [k &Gmab;rSm yufyif;wd;k awmh zd;k armifukd zrf;xm; Muwmaygh/
pum;rqHk;? [pfatmfwkef;wGif wu,fawmh "g;jyawGu zdk;armif udk wrifoufoufvm
'dkif;'kef;'def;oH &GmvHk;nHonf apmifhNyD; zrf;Muwmyg/ olwdkYu tcsdefrawmf &GmwHcg;yGifh
acsmif;,HyJhwifxyfownf;/ zdkYqdk&if zdk;armif &JU tultnD&rS 0ifvdkY&r,fqdkwm pHkprf;
xm;NyD;om;/ uif;orm;u zdk;armifqdk&if rvG,faygufudk
34
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
zdk;armifhoHMum;? uif;orm;u
wHcg;BuD;atmuf? rvG,faygufudk (5 - 12 - 62 )jr0wD r*¾Zif; Zefe0g&D? 1963/
wpfa,muf0ifom? zGifhvdkufygaomf
,mwGiftkyfaqmif;? 0Jwufacsmif;ESifh
cg;apmif;udk,fudkif;? ig;yvdkif;udk
( Nidrf;a0 )
vG,fodkif;NyD;vSsif? &Gmudk0ifonf
vlyifavvm;? wapävm;/
36
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
uav;. orm"d owif;pm xGuaf y:vm.// xdo k wif;pmwGif {&m0wDoabFm rxGuaf o;ay// r[mrdww f ufp ppftpd;k &
0ifa&muf oGm;=u;[efwo l nf// udn k n D rD mS aemifwiG f &Siv f ;kH tkycf sKyfa&;yif &Sad eao;onf// yk*v ~ ud rsm;ckwf armif;aom
trnf&dS Zmwf!eì ;f rsm; a&;vsu&f o dS nf// armfawmfbkwfESifh vdkufcJhjcif;jzpfonf// tarG &xm;aom
umwGe;f ¶kypf w kH iG f udn k n D . D ra&v_id ;f trnf&dS ¶kyjf yZmwf pdev f ufaumuf/ pde=f u,fp/d pdeb f ;D / pdev f ufwkH paomypPn;f
vrf;tcef;qufygonf// ¶kyfjyZmwfvrf; tapmqHk;jzpfrnf rsm; ,lco hJ nf// xkcI JG wpfcck k pmayvkyif ef; vky&f efjzpfonf//
xifonf// yxr yHEk ydS pf uf0,f&ef =unfah o;onf// od@k aomf 0,fr&? u|ef
Z0e*sme,ft&G,Ef iS yhf if r*~Zif;av;wpfapmif xGuv f m awmfu v,fv,f0,f0,fr[kw?f ,if;&wemrsm;rSm u|eaf wmf
ao;onf? Z0euJo h @kd yif t&G,af o;ao; emrnf u jr0wf .rdcifu ‘eif rde;f r &&if qifz@kd vufz@JG ypPn;f awGayg[ h ,f’[k
vìm[k xifonf// aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdawmh// olvnf; +yKH ;umajymzl;onf//
wpf t k y f o mxG u f o nf x if o nf / /pmayqef I owd & yxr qef;opfOD;*sme,f[laomtrnfjzifh tywfpOf
jcif ; jzpf o nf / / ,if ; t&G , f acwf q ef ; trnf & S d r*~ Z if ; *sme,fwpfapmifxw k &f ef &nf&, G o f nf// &efuek cf &dik f &mZ0wf
xGufvmonf// xkwfa0olu Adkvfat;vGif// uíefawmf w&m;ol}u;D xHryS if xkwcf iG t hf rde@f &xm;+y?D *sme,facgi;f pD; &kyyf kH
aqmif;yg;wpfapmifa&;ay;zl;onf// wpfapmifwnf;om yef;csu D kd umwGe;f OD;b*sr;f xHtyf+y;D bavmufyif vky+f y;D xm;+y?D
xGuo f nfxifonf// xdt k csed af vmufwiG f wifw h ,fu vnf; OD;b*sr;f ESihf u|eaf wmf ausmif;om;b0 td;k a0r*~Zif;t,f'w D m
pmya'omtrnfjzifh xdt k &G,rf sK;d yif r*~Zif;wpf apmifxw k &f ef vky+f yD;uwnf;u odu|r;f cifrifco hJ nf? xdt k cg OD;b*sr;f onf
pdik ;f jyif;vsu&f adS vonf// (xdt k cg olonf wifw h ,frjzpfao;// b[ef;wGiaf eonf// *sme,f.trnfacgi;f pOfwiG f qef;opfO;D
udw k ifwh ,fEiS hf ausmif;om;b0u wnf;u odco hJ nf//) ¶ìiaf ysmf *sme,f [k t*Fvyd pf mvH;k trnfyg xnfo h iG ;f xm;onf? jyefvnf
aysmf wrwfwef 0wˆKacwfu olonf atmifausmt f rnfjzifh qef;opfa&;. acwfO;D [laom t"dyg` ,t f wdck sKyI f qef; opfO;D
0wˆKa&;zl;onf// *syefacwfu olcakd eaom OD;jym;awm&&Sd Z&yf [k rSnahf c:vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf// vGwv f yfr_ uif;rJah om *syefacwf
wpfaqmifwiG f aepOf nbufpum;prnfajym&atmif oGm; u tarSmifwu kd rf S vGwaf jrmufvmaomtcg ,Ofaus;r_jyef
tdyfzl;onf// nbuf *syefav,mOfysHvmv#if Z&yfa&S@&Sd vnfqef;opfa&;udk vkyrf nf[al om cHpm; r_jzifh ,if;emrnfukd
AH;k cduk si;f od@k twl0if=u&m oluarSmifEiS hf rnf;rnf; wGiyf if ay;jcif;jzpfonf? OD;b*sr;f u u|eaf wmfEiS hf wdik yf ifum opfiw k f
‘ppf}uD;+yD; oGm;&if pmayya'omqd+k yD;xkwrf ,f’[k ajymavh wdkxJrS yef;yGifhwpfcufu av; zl;yGifhvmyHkud oauFwa&;
&So d nf? ,if;Z&yfwiG f udw k ifw h ,fEiS t hf wl udx k if}uD;/ udv k S qGaJ y;onf// td;k a0 r*~Zif; tzH;k udk olyifa&;ay;cJo h nf?
=unf wd@k yg twlae=uonf// ol@pw d u f ;l u pmayr*~Zif;oabm qef;opfO;D wGif tawmfav;jyifqif+yD;+yD? od@k aomf rxkwf
rsK;d um; r[kw/f 'dik *f suyf pkH H bmomjyef rsm;rsm;ygrnf (,ae@ jzpfawmh? u|eaf wmfrmS aoG;tm;enf;aeI a'guw f mvSa&$EiS hf
acwf okwyHpk )H olu bmomjyefvnf; 0goemygonf// tm;aq;xd;k ae&onf?tywfpOf xGuaf tmif vky&f rnfw h m0ef
,if ; ppf + yD ; pumv (1945-46)u ta&S @ wd k i f ; ES i f h rSmrao;? od@k EiS hf vpOf r*~Zif;av;xkw&f ef tpDtpOfukd ajymif;vJ
aoG;aomufr*~Zif; xGuv f monf? ta&S@wikd ;f rSm =um=um vdu k &f onf?
rxGu/f / aoG;aomufrmS ,ae@wikd x f u G af eaom ppf+yD;acwf wm&mtrnfudk a&G;cs,fvdkuf&onf?t&G,ftao;/
r*~Zif;wd@k wiG f touft}uD;qH;k r*~Zif;jzpfonf[k qd&k rnf// pmrsuEf mS vnf;rrsm;/ 48rsuEf mS ? ajcEkid v f ufEikd /f cyfusO;f usO;f
t&G,fu ,ae@xGufae=uaom r*~Zif;rsm;t&G,f/ trsm; vkyI f &onf?
}udKufr*~Zif;yHpk [ H k qd&k rnf// twGi;f yef; cs&D yk yf rkH sm; jyifqifrrG ;f pmvH;k t&G,u f kd 14 yGKd i[
hf ak c:aom pmvH;k tao;udak &G;cs,f
rH&efaumif;aom t&G,jf zpfonf// t&G,af o;vsif rGr;f rHjyif vdu k o f nf? ppfrjzpfrD r*~Zif;/ pmtkyw f @kd wiG f *&dwyf &dik rf m[kac:
qif&ef usO;f usyaf ewwfonf// ,if;umvwGif uíeaf wmfonf aom pmvH;k }uD;udk oH;k =u+rJ jzpfonf? xdak cwfu puUL tcuf
wm&mr*~Zif;udk xkwaf 0 vdu k o f nf// tcJur&S?d owif;pmqdv k #iyf if pm&Guaf wGu trsm;}uD;jzifh
(c) tawmfxlonf? ppf+yD;pwGif puUL&Sm;yg;I pmrsufESmrsm;
1945 =o*kwv f wGif *syefvufeufcsI ta&S@tm&S wGif rsm;xkw&f ef cufco J jzifh pm0if&ef pmvH;k ao;ao;udk oH;k =u
ppf}uD;+yD;qHk;jcif;odk@ a&mufcJhonf// u|efawmfonf ,if;ESpf jcif;vnf; jzpfEikd o f nf// tapm qH;k ay:aom Z0e*sme,frmS pm
atmufwb kd mvwGif &efuek o f @kd usKu d v f wfrS vm cJo h nf// vH;k vH;k ao;ao;av;jzpfonf? 14 yGKd ihf ,ae@acwf r*~Zif;rsm;um;
xdktcg usKdufvwfESifh&efukefodk@ yHkrSefckwfarmif;ae aom ydI
k pmvH;k ao; ao;vm=uawmhonf? 14 yGKid x hf ufi,faom
38
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
tao;qH;k 12yGKid u hf kd oH;k ae=u+yD? (*)
r*~Zif;. pmayyHo k ¿mefukd yxr pOf;pm;&onf? 0wˆK 1946 'DZifbmv ukecf ge;D wGif xGuv f monf? trsm;}uKd uf
uAsmpaom &opmaytzG@J tEG@J tjyif (xdt k cg &o pmay[l yHkpH r[kwfojzifhvm;rod/ trsm;ur}udKuf?apmifa& 2000
aom pmaya0g[m&yif ray:ao;yg?)tEkynmESihf pmaya0zef ¶dkuf&m trsm;}uD;usefaeonf? rSwfrdoavmuf 1000
a&;aqmif;yg;/ c&D;oGm;rSww f rf;/ ordik ;f rSwf wrf;/ twˆKy`wdW cef@usefaeonfxifonf?tdrfwGiftpnf;vdkuf wyHk}uD;?
tzG@J tEG@J paom pmayqefaom aqmif;yg; rsm;om xnfo h iG ;f &ef yHkEdSyfrSifeHyif rjy,fao;? aq;u aumif;pGmrajcmufao;I
vsmxm;vdu k o f nf? tEkynmESihf pmaya0zefa&;tydik ;f wGif cyfpdkxdkif;xdkif;? taemufbufuudkif=unfhv#if pdkwdkwdk?
tuJjzwfpmESihf pmayoabmw &m;rsm; yg0ifonf? qef;opf xGucf siaf ZmESihf ajcmufatmifrapmifEh idk b f J pmtkycf sKyfcikd ;f vdu k f
OD;*sme,frmS wm&mr*~Zif;trnfo@kd ajymif;Ixkwaf 0 vdu k f onf?
a=umif; c&dik w f &m;ol}u;D od@k av#mufvm$ wif&mwGif r*~Zif;. jzpfyu kH onfv?kd rsuEf mS zH;k rSm yef;csq D &m OD;b=unf.
rl0g'udk pmayESihf ,Ofaus;r_ tEkynmpmapmif[k az:jycJo h nf? wa=umif ; qG J y ef ; csD ? aq;om;uxl x l ? yH k E S d y f a omtcg
xdk@aemuf tjyiftqifyHko¿mefudk pOf;pm;&onf? rifuxlxl/ aumif;uiftjym&ifhwGif =u,fwyGifhygonf?
yHpk w
H pfrsK;d vkycf sio f nf? 0wˆK uAsmwd@k wiG f o&kyaf z:yHrk sm; jzifh rsufESmzHk;udkb¶kwfuif;vrf;(bdkuav;aps;vrf;)&Sd ylwl;wl;
jc,fonf? wpfa=umif;qGyJ ef;csu D kd wpfa&mifo;kH onf? trsm; pmyHEk ydS pf ufwiG ¶f u kd of nf? u|eaf wmfaumif;pGm aeraumif;I
}udKufr*~Zif;rsm;wGif wpfa=umif;qGJyef;csDudk oHk;avh oHk;x armifpnfoo l mG ;tyfjcif; jzpfonf? t0gEiS t hf eD¶u kd +f yD;aemuf
r&S=d uay? ausmif;oH;k pmtky/f wuUov kd af usmif; r*~Zif;rsm;wGif tjyma&mifurkd ¶du k cf if u|eaf wmf=unfch sio f nfqI kd armifpnf
om oH;k onfukd awG@&onf? ,if;yHpk rH sK;d udk u|eaf wmf}uKd uo f nf? olu ylw;l wl;yHEk ydS pf uform;tm; vmjy&ef ajymxm;onf[k
0wˆK uAsmwd@k . acgi;f pOfukd yef;csD pmvH;k jzifh raz:bJ &d;k &d;k pmvH;k od&onf? u|eaf wmf ZDZma=umifonfukd odI ,ckvpkd pD Of
pDI az:jyonf? 0wˆKuAsmudk wpfa=umif;qGJyef;csDyHkjzifh xm;[ef&o dS nf? wnae ylw;l wl;rS vlwpfa,muf tprf;¶du k f
az:jyonf? uAsmvnf; rsm;rsm; rxnf?h wpfvrSm wpfy'k Ef pS yf 'k f jyxm;aom puULESp&f u G u f kd udik u f m vmonf?puform;rSm
avmufom ygwwfonf? ,ae@ay:ae=uaom r*~Zif;yHpk EH iS hf tom;!d! k /kd cyfyed yf ed /f tvkycf ef;rS vmoljzpfI pGyu f s,af v;ESihf
rwl? rifrsm;yifayaeonf? ac|;awG oHawGEiS ?hf
,ae@xu G af y:vsu&f =dS uaom r*~Zif;yHpk u H kd ‘trsm;}uKu d ’f a'gi;f pdr;f jymac:/ tjymESiw hf &Gu?f a=u;eDtjymac: tjy&ifEh iS hf
yHkpHqdk=uygpdk@?twGif;yHkrsm;udk atmhzfpuf acwfrDpufrsm;jzifh w&Gu?f ‘b,fta&mifEiS hf ¶du k &f rnfv’J [k cyf¶@kd ¶@kd trlt&m
twGif;tjyif a&mifpHk +ydK;ysuf0if;vufvsuf&Sd=uonf?0wˆK/ jzifah r;onf?
uAsm/ aqmif;yg;rsm;udk yef;cspD mvH;k acgi;f pnf;ta&mifw@kd jzifh u|eaf wmfu aumif;uifjym&ifh rifa&mifukd a¶G;vdu k o f nf?
jyifqif=uonf? "gwfyHkaqmif;yg;rsm;uvnf;a0a0qmqm? ajceif;puf¶u kd of l tvkyo f rm;[k u|eaf wmfu xifrw S cf o hJ nf?
,if;trsm;}uKd uyf pkH aH v;rSm ppfrjzpfrD acwfuwnf;u&Scd o hJ nf? trSeu f xdyk *k Kd~ vfrmS ylw;l wl;yHEk ydS pf ufyikd &f iS f ‘ocifazoef;’?
txl;ojzifh ppfjzpfcge;D jrefrmhtvif; r*~Zif;u t&G,}f uD;}uD; aemifcg pma&;q&m/ ¶ky&f iS 'f g¶u kd wf m jzpfvmrnfh ‘om"k’?
tjyiftqifuvnf; yef;csyD rkH sm; ta&mifrsm;jzifh ¶_csipf zG,f udkom"k? xdktcguom"k rjzpfao;? udkom"krSm yHkESdyfpuf
rGr;f rHjyifqifxm;onf? pmrjrif&ao;rD tqiftjyifvv S yS yESihf ¶du
k w f wfo[ l k od&onf? rifrajcufao;I r*~Zif;pmtkyu f kd
¶_csipf zG,f jyifqifxm;onf? tjyiftqifEiS t hf wl vltrsm; pnf;aomtcg wtkyw f tky=f um;wGif pm&Guw f &Guf !Sycf I H
}udKufESpfoufwwfonfh pmrsm;udka&G;cs,fonf? xdktcgu pnf;&onf? u|efawmfonf pmtkyfyHk}uD;udk =unfhum
jrefrmhtvif;r*~Zif;onf aumfprdak y:vpfwef trnf&dS t&G,f ai;aerdonf? waxmifyif rukeyf gwum;?
}uD;qdu k }f uD; t*Fvyd rf *~Zif;yHpk H tjyiftqifuv kd u kd jf cif; jzpf
[efwo l nf? ¡rd;k a0r*~Zif;/ pufwifbmvxkw/f 1985?¢
,ae@xu G af y:ae=uaom r*~Zif;yHpk rH mS ,if;trsm;}udKuf
yHkpHtpOftvmudk qifhuJqifhuJ qufcHvm=ujcif;jzpfonf? 2004 ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v
f xkwf '*kew
f m&m&Jh ]]tvSaA' 2}} pmtkyf
u|eaf wmfu ,if;yHpk v H rf;a=umif;udk rvdu k yf J rdryd pkH EH iS hf rdrpd w d f rS ]vGefcJhaom tESpf 40u r*¾Zif;avmu}udk jyefvnful;,l
ul;jzifh wm&mr*~Zif;udk arG;zGm;vdu k of nf? az:jywmjzpfygw,f/
'*kewf m&m
39
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
om"uawG u awmh yk y f & [ef ; rif ; eJ h r if ; {u&mZf r sm; Arm Edil if H wpfck wnf; twGuo f mru cspcf ifjcif;? nDaemif
tBum;twd k u f t cH j yKrI r sm;? taemf & xmbk & if E S i f h om;csif; pdwf"mwfjyefhyGm;ap&eftwGuf urÇmwpfckvkH; &dS
t&nf;BuD;rsm; ta&;? uGsEfkyfwdk heJ ht&if;ESD;qkH;OyrmjzpfwJh jynfolrsm;xHokd hyg Bo0g' o0PfvTmyg;apcsifygonf/
or®musrf;pm qkH;rrItwdkif; jyKvkyfxm;whJ tvHawmfrsm; 'D,ae h urÇmBuD;twGif;wae hwjcm;vdktyfvmaeaom
jzpfygw,f/ 'DOyrmawG tukefvkH;u bmomwdkif;rSmvl xdk qkH;ro0PfvTmudk wynfhawmfwdk hemBum;jyD; tav;
rI0ef;usifrSm? acwftqufquf bkef;awmfBuD;rsm; vkyf ay;vkdufemygrnf/ q&mawmf t&SifoljrwfwdkYbk&m;?
tyfwJh t&mrsm; wnf&dSaerIudk owday;aeygw,f/ q&mawmfrsm; taejzifh urÇmh jird ;f csr;f a&; ESichf spcf ifrrI sm;
'gayr,fh uGsEfkyfwdk h[m bkef;awmfBuD; wdk hvkyftyfjyef hyGm;ap&eftwGuf tvGefus,fjyef haom jrifhjrwfvS
&m aomta&; udp (Priestcraft) eJ h bke;f awmfBu;D (priesth aom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; pGm&dSaeygonfbk&m;? xdk t&m
ood)qkdwmudk oD;oef hcGJ jcm;xm;&ygvdrfhr,f/ uGsEfkyfwdkh\ rsm;onf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ jrifhjrwfaom vkyfaqmif
cG i f h r jyKaombk e f ; awmf B uD ; ta&;ud p ö r sm;onf bk e f ;
csufrsm;ESifh jrifhjrwfaom EdlifiHa&;rsm;yif jzpfygayonf/
awmfBuD; jzpfwnfrIrS tvSrf;;uGmap&efoufa&mufrnf arwÅmxm;í jynfol tm;vkH;wdkh\ pdwfrsm;udk
r[kwfay/ tjiif;yGm;p&m jzpfrnfqdkvsifawmh uGsEflyfwdk aBumuf&jcif;rS uif;vGwfap&ef (free from fear)4if;?
bke;f awmfBu;D rsm;\omoemh0efaqmifay;aerI ESihf vlrI t tjrifusOf;í tjrifvGJrIrsm;? vspfvsL&IrIrsm; ESifh t,l
odkif;t0ef;udk OD;aqmifOD;&Guf jyKay;aerIwdkYudk &Sif;vif;pGm onf;rIrsm;rS uif;a0;ap&ef4if;? &nfoefí Bo0g'ay;
odjrifxm;&ayvdrfhrnf/ Bum;awmf rlyg/ olwdk htm; ydkrdk jrifhjrwfvmap&ef ESifh ydkrdk
aysmf & T i f z G , f & m b0rsm;&&d S a p&ef twG u f o if B um;
uGsEkfyfwdk h\ bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;onf vlrIa&;0ef qkH;ray;awmfrlyg/ xdkt&mrsm;onf t&Sifjrwfrsm;\
aqmifrI rsm;pGm udk xrf;xm;&ayonf/vli,fv&l , G rf sm;udk tyf&maom 0efwmrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf avSsmufxm;
ynmoifBum;ay;jcif;ESifh ArmEdlifiH\ tqifhtwef;jrifh tyfygonf bk&m;/
rm;vSaom pmayrsm;rSmvnf; xd0k efaqmifrrI sm;\ &vm'f
BuD;rsm;jzpfayonf/ uGsEkfyfwdk h\ bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;onf
uGsekfyfwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI ? jrdKYjywnfaxmifrIrsm; udkBuG,f0 AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
apcJhayonf/ ta&;udpöwdkif;wGif uGsEfkyfwdk hvlrI todkif; 1946 ckESpf
t0ef;udk ah&Sodk hcDswuf Edkifap&ef ulnD cJh Buayonf/ zqyv nDvmcHrdef hcGef;rS aumufElwfcsuf?
xdk uJhodk haom vlrI0efaqmifrI rsm;aBumifh uGsEflyfwdk honf
uGsEfkyfwdkY\bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;taBuG; BuD;rm; 0efxrf;rsm;? oHCmrsm;? tvkyform;? v,form;rsm;?
pGmwif&dSaeayonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf uGsEflyfwkdYjynfol qdk&&if jynfolrsm; tm;vkH;? EdlifiHa&;ESifhuif;&Sif;ap&rnf
trsm;pk udk;uG,f&m bmomjzpfygw,f/ uGsEflyfudk,fwdkif qdkwhJ 'Duae jhyXmef;csufawGatmuf rSm wu,fawmh
&dk;om;pGm,kHBunfwmuawmh rd&dk;zvmbmoma&;tcef; EdlifiHa&;qdkwm EkdifiHom;wdkif;&J edpö"l0ta&;? jynfol hb0?
tem;"avhjyXmef;rIawGy,fjy;D ? ol &h u YJ u,ft h ESpf om&udk jynfolYta&;ygbJ vdk hAdkvfcsKyfrdef hcGef;rSEldifiHa&;tod
odatmifvkyfr,fqdk&ifawmh Ak'¨bmom qdkwm 'DurÇm rBuG,fol uGsefawmfarmif&if rSwfom;&aBumif;yg…
ay:rSm tBuD;jrwfqkH; 'óew&m;wpfckygbJ/ 'gaBumifhrdkh
uGseyfk t
f aeESiAhf 'k b
¨ mombke;f awmfBu;D rsm;udt
k xl;avSsmuf armif&if
xm;yefBum;csifygw,f/
(t*Fvdyf bmomrSjyefqdkonfh twGufaBumifh AdkvfcsKyf
q&mawmfoHCmawmft&Sifjrwfwdk hbk&m;? t&Sif
avoH ESihf pum;t"dygÜ ,f rsm;udk r,Gi;f ap&ef wwfEild o
f rSs
bk&m;wdk honf BuD;jrwfvSaomomoemudk apmifha&Smuf
eD;pyfatmif wifjyxm;ygonf/)
olrsm;jzpfawmfryl gayonf/ xdk omoemawmfBu;D tm;oefh
pifjcif;ESifh urÇmodkhay;qufjcif; twGufaus;Zl;jyKjcif;t
vdk ih mS avSsmufxm;tyfygonf/ q&mawmfjrwfwkd th aejzifh
42
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
&efoal ±G;o!fv
h rf;/ vlxak ±G;o!fv
h rf;
armi
armiffpdk;csdef
nD!w G af &;wJh
nD!w G =f u&J@vm; æ´
aygi;f pnf;a&;wJh
aygi;f pnf;=u&J@vm; æ´
awG@qHka&;wJh
um&HruhJ Asm twdu
awG@qHkjzpf&@J vm; æ´
k t f cH 'Dro kd rm;qdw k m
trSew f &m;bufu &yfwnfz@kd æ
trSew f mawG azmfxw k zf @kd æ
raumif;wmawG ajrvSeyf pfz@kd æ
rawmfwmawG awmfveS zf @kd æ
azgujf yefr_ tvH;k pHk
o+*õKvfypfz@kd twGuf
ud, k u hf ukd ,kd f jyefqef;ppf
ud, k t hf vkyu f ,kd f qufvyk f
ud, k rf mS ;wmawGu, kd jf yif
trsm;tusKd ;wu,fo,fy;kd csi&f if
jynfaxmifp}k uD; cdik +f rJapcsiw f hJ qENtrSe&f cdS &hJ ifjzifh udkaomf (PRMG)
tm%m yg0ge@J twW rmeawG c0gcsypf=uapcsiw f ,f?
44
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
,QKwavm EdkifiHwumowif; rD'D,mrsm;wGif us,f
us,af vmifavmif jzpfaeaom jrefrmEdik if eH @J b*Fvma'h&fS Edik if H
bufuae avSi,fawGe@J xGuaf jy;vm+yD;/ xdik ;f Edik if u H akd &muf
vm+y;D xdik ;f a&wyf&@J zrf;qD;jcif;udck &H +y;D yifv,fxaJ rmif;xkwf
cH&wJh ±d[k if*smawGe@J ywfoufwhJ owif;udk tifwmeufxw J iG f ordik ;f OD;bHak jracwfEiS hf
=unf&h onfrmS wpufrS pdwcf sr;f omp&mr&Syd g? olw@kd xrJ S Arm
ppfom;wd@k &@J ±ku d Ef u S rf c_ &H vd@k ausmuke;f eJ@ ajcovH;k rSm 'g%&f m orRw}uD;
&aewJh ±dk[if*smwcsdK@udk xdkif;aq;zufqdkif&m0efxrf;awGu
aq;ukay;aeyHak wGe@J tpma&pmcsKd @w+hJ yD; tm;jywfaewJo h al wG a'gufwmoef;a±$
udk awG@&+yD; ab;rSmawmh vufxrJ mS xkwu f ikd +f yD; 0dik ;f &H+yD; &yf
ae=uwJh xdkif;vHkjcHKa&;0efxrf;awGudk awG@&w,f? 'D ±dk[if*sm
awGukd xdik ;f ppfwyfu wcsKd @ukd zrf;xm;+yD; wcsKd @ukd pufavSukd
tif*sijf zKwf+yD; jyefvmvd@k r&atmif yifv,fxjJ yefvnfarmif; ppftpd;k &uawmh 2010rSm a&G;aumufyv JG yk +f yD; t&yf
xkwcf yhJ gw,fv@kd vnf; owif;awGu qdyk gw,f? jrefrmppftpdk om;tpdk;&udk tm%mv$Jr,fvdk@ urBmodatmif a=unm
&uwmh ±d[ k if*smawG[m jrefrmEdik if o H m;awGr[kwyf gb;l vd@k xm;ygw,f? tckawmh !$ef@aygif;tpdk&eJ@ ppftpdk&&J@ a&G;
t+rJajymavh&ydS gw,f? 'D=um;xJ xdik ;f ppfwyf&@J aoemywdu aumufyu JG vnf; tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh wESpb f u J mG wm&,f
jrefrmjynfomG ;+yD; 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;armifat;eJ@ oGm;awG@ ppfacgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;u aA'ifawG euQwfawGe@J t
+yD; jyefvmawmh ±dk[if*smta&;udpPudk jrefrmu ulnDrnfvdk@ "dyg` ,af umuf "gw±f u kd "f gwq f ifawGrmS ,H=k unfow l pfa,muf
owif;XmeawGudk ajymygw,f? b,fvdkulnDrnfudkawmh tjzpf ausmf=um;wma=umifh pif+ydKiftpdk;&a&G;aumufyGJrSm
owif;awGxrJ mS rawG@&yg? xdik ;f Edik if rH mS xde;f odr;f xm;aom ±dk 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;bJ jyefvnfa&G;cH&wmrd@k vmrJEh pS f 2010 rSm
[if*smawGudk jyefvnfvufcH+yD; &JbuftusOf;pcef;awGydk@+yD; a&G;aumufyv GJ kyf&yf olwdk@bJ tEdkif&wJh vdrfnmyG}J uD;uae
ausmufxkcdkif;vm;qdkwmvnf; b,folrS r[kwfEdkifygbl;[k olub kd J v$waf wmfac:+y;D orRw}u;D cef@rmS udak wG;+y;D aysmaf eo
tmrrcHEikd =f u? ppftpd;k &onf ±d[ k if*smawG[m jrefrmEdik if o H m; vm;awmh rajymwwf? Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;uae orRw}uD;jzpf+yDqkd
rsm;r[kwI f zdEydS cf sKycf s,af eovm;vd@k awG;rdol jrefrmEdik if o H m; +y;D yDwad wG a0jzmaerSmayg?h tJ'h hD urBmod vdrn f ma&G;aumufyJG
r[kwfolrsm;&Sdaumif;&Sdygvdrfhrnf? bma=umifhqdk ppftpdk;& }uD;+yD;vd@k v$waf wmfuae wyfcsKyf}uD;udk Edik if aH wmforRwqd+k yD;
onf vdrv f nfI 0g'jzef@&mwGif t&Sut f a=umuf uif;rJI h jzpf a&G;cs,fvdkuf&ifawmh ol@&J@aus;Zl;cHaus;Zl;pm;awGuvnf;
ygonf? ppftpd;k & zdEydS af eonfrmS jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH yifjzpfygonf? wyfcsKy}f u;D &J@ aus;Zl;opPmudk apmiho f &d akd oaomtm;jzifh urBm
usaemfw@kd &@J Edik if wH iG f vlxu k trSew f u,fa&G;cs,w f ifajrmuf odatmifa=unmxm;wJh uwdpum;awGukd azmufzsu&f mrSm
xm;aom tpd;k &w&yfr&Sad eao;oa&G@ TuJo h @dk aom jy\em u|rf;usifvSol rdrde@J twlvufwcGJ hw J hoJ lawGtay:rSm Zwfwl
rsm;pGm[m qufvufjzpfay:aerSmjzpfygw,f? om; pm;&mrSm u|r;f usio f l rdru d , kd f qef@usio f rl eS o f r#ukd ESrd f
&dk[if*smawGe@J t+ydKif yGq J lapwJh owif;wyk'fuawmh eif;&mrSm &wemoHk;yg;rSm wyg;tyg0ifjzpfwJh oHCmawmf
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsKd ;om;!$e@f aygi;f tpd;k & (tefp*D s, D b l )D awmif rcsef &uf&ufpufpuf ESrd ef if;wyfwo hJ l jrefrmjynfojl ynf
&J@ av;&uf=umusi;f ywJh tpnf;ta0;udk tdik , f mvefEikd if H 'AŠ om;awGudk 'kuQay;&mrSmu|rf;usifwhJ olwdk@&@J wyfcsKyf}uD;udk
vifrmS Zefe0g&D 20&ufuae pwif+yD; usi;f ycJ+h yD; ta0;a&muf aus;Zl;qyfwt hJ aeeJ@ ocsmF ynm&yfukd u|r;f usiv f @kd a'guw f m
v$waf wmftrwf 30ausmf wufa&mufcw hJ ,fqw kd mygb?J tJ'h D bG@J ukd *smr%DEikd if u H &&Scd whJ hJ ta0;a&muf!eG @f aygi;f tpd;k &&J@ 0ef
tpnf;ta0;uae+y;D a'guw f mpde0f if;udb k J 0ef}u;D csKyt f jzpfjyef }uD;csKyfa'guw f mpde0f if;eJ@ t+ydKif jrefrmhwyfrawmf&@J umuG,f
vnfa&G;cs,cf yhJ gowJ?h 0ef}uD;opfuawmh (3)OD;ydv k m+yD; tzG@J a&;wuUov kd u f ae *k%x f ;l aqmifa'guw f mbG@J rsm;cs;D jr‡iv hf ukd f
0if (7)OD;ygwhJ tpd;k &udk zG@J pnf;cJw h ,fv@kd qykd gw,f? a'guw f m &ifawmh orRw}uD;a'guw f moef;a±$jzpfvmrSm {uefyg?
pdef0if;[m 1990ckESpfuwnf;u 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf awmuf jrefrmjynf&J@ ordkif;wav#mufrSmvnf; EdkifiHawmf
av#muf ta&G;cHc&hJ ygw,f? jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD&&Sad &;twGuf t}uD;tuJqw kd hJ vlawGxrJ mS a'guw f mbG@J &xm;wJh Edik if aH &;
b,favmufawmif tvkyfawGvkyfcJhvnf;qdkwmuawmh t}u;D tuJawGuvnf; &Sx d m;awmh (Oyrm) *syefacwfrmS eef;
um,Hu&H iS b f oJ w d ,fxifygw,f? &if;0ef a'gufwmbarmf/ vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; ygvDref'Drdkua&pD
45
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
rsuf&nf,Akd ;kH
aqmif;,Ge;f v
” cifAsm;u
cifAsm;u vlawG&Jhobm0ab;udk&if;NyD; olaX;rif;Nzpfw,f
vlawG&Jh rsuf&nfudkaomufw,f vlawG&Jh&IdufoHMum; vufydkuf[efvkyftm;w,f/
vlawG&JhtoufawGudkazsmufw,f/
cifAsm;u
cifAsm;u vlawG&Jh&kef;uefrIeJY rif;NyKw,f
vlawG&Jhrsuf&nfeJY atmifyGJcHw,f cifAsm;u
vlawG&Jh&wufawGeJY touf&Snfw,f vlawG&JhoD;cHNcif;w&m;udk apmfum;w,f
vlawG&JhtoufawGeJY &r®ufaNzw,f/ cifAsm;u cifAsm;twGufqdk
w&m;"r®udkowf bk&m;acgif;udkvnf;Nzwfw,f/
cifAsm;u
vlawG&JhusdefpmeJY touf&SifqJ vlMum;xJ ypf&Jwmvnf;cifAsm;
vlawG&JharwåmeJY toufiifqJ vlMum;xJ ypfcGJwmvnf;cifAsm;
vlawG&JhtMudwftcJeJY tdyf&Joavmuf vlMum;xJ azmufcGJwmvnf;cifAsm;
vlawG&Jht&dyftuJudkMunfhNyD; cHwyfMuD;MuD;aqmufw,f/ vlMum;xJ aygufuGJwmvnf;cifAsm;
wu,fawmh
cifAsm;u cifAsm;[m vlawG&Jhrsuf&nfudkNzKef;aewJh
vlawG&Jh'ku©udkvrf;azmufNyD; wdkufaqmufw,f twåMudrfrD;tkH; rsuf&nf,dkAHk;wpfvHk;ygbJ/ /”
vlawG&JhaomuudkcyfNrnf;NyD; &[wfpD;w,f/
acwfrmS orRw}u;D a'guw f mbOD;/ aemuf rqv&J@ aemufq;kH orRw a'guw f marmifarmif pwJo h al wGuvnf;&Sx d m;wm a=umifh
olvnf;tm;usrmS awmh {uefyg?
uJ rdwfaqGwdk@a& æ 2010 a&G;aumufy+GJ yD;vdk@ v$wf awmfursm; orRw}uD; a'gufwmoef;a&$udk a&$;cs,fwifajr‡muf
vduk &f ifawmhrsm;jzifh wEdik if v
H ;kH c|wjf cHKusqif;+yD; &efuek +f rdK@ukd awmifr;D rSeaf tmifray;Edik w
f hJ ppftpd;k &&J@ acgi;f aqmif}uD;u ,l
eDazmif;0wfukd c|w+f yD; t&yf0wfe@J rsm; tkycf sKyfc&hJ ifawmh usaemf wd@k jrefrmjynfoal wG&@J b0[m tvH;k pHck |wjf cHK=u+yD; [d;k æordik ;f
OD;bHak jracwfuvdk opf&u G o f pfcwfawGe@J t&Suv f ;kH atmifae&wJh b0udak &mufrmS aocsmygw,f? 'ga=umifh 2010rSmvkyrf ,fh
ppftpd;k &. vdrn f mrJh a&G;aumufyu JG kd jrefrmjynfov l x
l }k uD;taejzifh &J&ifjh ywfom;+yD;pnf;vH;k nD!w G pf mG eJ@ qef@usi=f uzd@k v+kd yD?
rsdK;jrifh
46
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
47
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
azaz:0g&D0rf;enf;jcif;rSwfwrf;
ajr0okeaf &
*k%fjyKtyfwJh{nfhonfwpfa,mufudk
qD;}udKayawmh
0DvsH,dwfpfudk
em;aevSJavsmif;apaygh?
(atmf'if)
usaemf w d k @ onf v l @ avmutwG u f vmjcif ; aumif ; aomol r sm;/ *k % f j yKoif h o l r sm;ud k }ud K qd k & *k % f j yK
=u&rnfjzpfayonf? (1995) ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv (24)wGif q&mEdkif0if;aqG vGwfajrmufe,fajrwGif usqHk;onf?
(1998)ckEpS af zaz:0g&v D (18)&ufae@wiG f q&mjroef;wifh uG,v f eG o
f nf? tjrif&/J ta&;&J/ tawG;&Jaom uavmif
ESpfacsmif;qHk;&_HK;r_onf jrefrmhpmayavmu. }uD;rm;aom qHk;&SHK;r_yifjzpfonf?
q&mjroef;wifh (1929 - 1998)onf pma&;oufwrf;wavsmufvHk;wGif bmomjyefESifh yifudk,fa&;om;
onfh okw/ &o pmpkaygi;f ( ykEH ydS x f w k af 0aom pmtkyaf ygi;f ) 120 ausmcf ef@ a&;om;cJo h nf? q&mjroef;wif. h xif&mS ;
aom yifu, kd af &;0wˆKrsm;rSm arwWmtoacs/F vdu k cf ahJ wmhjh reENm/ tarSmif&yd 0f ,f/ ESi;f Ek/ EGx
H u
J =um/ rr/ xm;u|erf vif/
"g;awmifudkausmfI rD;yifv,fudkjzwfrnf/ avnSif;ESifhva&mif wdk hyifjzpfonf?
q&mEk d i f 0 if ; aqG (1940 - 1995) onf b0o&k y f r S e f p mayrsm;/ awmf v S e f a &;pmayrsm; a&;om;
cJh+yD;olcspfaomvGwfajrmuf e,fajrwGif usqHk;cJhonf? q&medkif0if;aqG.xif&Sm;aom yifudk,fa&;0wˆKrsm;rSm
r[l&marwWm/ aEGwn/ rode;f &Siq f yD kd ah y;yg/ a&qefvrf;/ jrpHy,f&/Hk tcspn f / ed;k w0uftyd rf uf/ ntoacsrF mS wdk yh if
jzpfonf?
ae@pOfvlaygif;rsm;pGm aoqkH;ae=uvifhupm; aorif;wdkif;jynfvdk ae&mrsdK;wGifyif vufcH&ef roifhaomolrsm;
terw*~ &Sad vonf?odk &h mwGif q&mjroef;wifEh iS hf q&medik 0f if;aqGwkd rh mS rl a&muf&mXme/ bHb k 0wdk Yh cs;D usL;tyf/
*k%fjyKtyfaom {nfhonfrsm;ayyif?
q&mjroef;wifh ESihf q&mEdik 0f if;aqG wd@k tm; q&mjroef;wifu h ,
kd w
f ikd f bmomjyefxm;onfah tmf'if.uAsmwdk
jzifh*k%fjyKygonf/ F
ajr0okefa&@@ @ @ @ @ *k%fjyKtyfwhJ {nfhonfwa,mufudk qD;}udKayawmh @ @ @ @ @ @ @?
tm[m&pmapmif0dkif;awmfom;rsm;
48
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
'dk@OD;wnf&m
&nf&G,fcsufeJ‹ 0Vm
ay;quf&rSm wkdif;jynftwGuf? — — — —
———
—————————
49
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
50
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
51
trSwfpOf-96 azaz:0g&D 8-2009
52