Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Thang my - Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng

Lift - Safe requirements for installation and use
Tiu chun ny p dng i vi cc loi thang my thng dng dng vn chuyn hng v vn chuyn ng|i: quy nh nhng yu cu c bn v k thut an ton trong qu trnh lp t v s dng cc thang my mi cng nh| cc thang c |c ci to, lp t nhng cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng. 1. quy nh chung 1.1. Phm vi p dng 1.1.1. Tiu chun ny chi p dng i vi cc loi thang c dn ng in, c ph|ng chuyn ng thng ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 15o so vi ph|ng thng ng v vi vn tc lm vic n 2,5m/s. i t|ng ca tiu chun ny |c phn thnh 5 loi d|i y: Loi l: Thang my thit k cho chuyn ch ng|i. Loi II: Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch ng|i nh|ng c tnh n cc hng ha mang km theo ng|i. Loi III: Thang my thit k chuyn ch gi|ng (bng ca) dng trong cc bnh vin. Lol IV : Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch hng ha nh|ng th|ng c ng|i i km theo. Loi V : Thang my iu khin ngoi cabin chi dng chuyn ch hng loi ny khi thit k cabin phi khng ch kch th|c ng|i khng th vo |c. 1.1.2. Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi cc loi thang nng hng c tnh nng k thut hn ch, c kt cu vi dn ng n gin (nh| ti quay tay trc ng) v tnh cht lm vic tm thi (nh| cc thang nng phc v xy dng). 1.1.3. i vi cc thang my c vn tc lm vic trn 2,5 m/s hoc lm vic theo ch nghim ngt, c i t|ng phm vi c bit (nh|: ha cht, thuc n v.v.,.) v hot ng trong mi tr|ng c tnh cht khc th|ng, ngoi vic tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny cn phi |c tha thun ring ca c quan c thm quyn v an ton khi lp t v s dng. 1.2. Thang my c iu kin lp t. 1.2.1. Thang my nhp khu phi c cc iu kin sau: a. C h s k thut gc. b. Thang my |c ch to theo tiu chun quc t hoc tiu chun quc gia s ti v phi ph hp vi tiu chun an ton ca Vit Nam. c. Cc b phn chi tit my i km phi ng b hoc nu ch to theo dng lin kt ca nhiu hng, nhiu quc gia th vic m bo quy cch k thut l ca hng thang my ng tn, c bitc h quy cch cc b phn v chi tit quan trng nh|: - Cp thp, xch chu ti. - |ng ray dn h|ng cho cabin v i trng.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

1.2.2.

1.3. 1.3.1.

1.3.2.

1.3.3.

1.3.4.

- Puli dn ng, dn h|ng. - H thng phanh iu khin, ng tng. - H thng hm an ton. - Cc c cu khng ch an ton, tn hiu bo v. Thang my ch to trong n|c. a. Thang my |c ch to do cc n v c t| cach php nhn v |c php ca c quan chc nng c thm quyn. b. Thang my phi |c ch to ph hp vi cc tiu chun yu cu k thut hin hnh v phi tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny. c. Thang my ch to hng lot phi ng theo mu |c th nghim v phi y h s k thut gc. d. Cc b phn v chi tit quan trng ch|a ch to |c phi nhp ngoi hoc lin kt ch to phi ghi r thng s c ban v quy cch k thut trong h s. Yu cu i vi n v lp t. Cc n v |c php lp t, iu chnh, bo d|ng v sa cha thang my phi c cc iu kin sau: a. L mt n v c t| cch php nhn v |c c quan chc nng c thm quyn cp giy php hot ng. b. C cn b k thut |c o to k thut chuyn ngnh. c. C i ng cng nhn k thut lnh ngh, |c hun luyn c bn v nh k v k thut an ton. d. C iu kin k thut, kh nng cng ngh cho cng vic lp t, iu chnh v sa cha nh| thit b gia cng, thit b kim tra, hiu chnh v o l|ng: n v lp t phi hon ton tun theo cc h|ng dn lp t, vn hnh, s dng ca nh ch to v phi m bo tt c cc thng s, dung sai kch th|c v c tnh k thut ca thang my theo h s k thut gc. Trn c s h s k thut gc, n v lp t phi lp mt s ti liu k thut bn giao cho n v s dng nh| sau: a. L lch thang my. b. H|ng dn vn hnh, s dng an ton thang my. c. H|ng dn ch bo d|ng, kim tra th|ng xuyn v nh k, bin php khc phc s c khn cp nh| mt in, ng tng khng ng. d. Phn cp trch nhim v quy nh chu k iu chnh, bo d|ng, sa cha, khc phc s c gia n v chu trch nhim lp t, bo d|ng v n v s dng thang my. n v lp t v sa cha phi chu trch nhim t chc vic th nghim thang my sau lp t v sa cha theo ng trnh t quy tc ca tiu chun ny. Vic th nghim phi |c tin hnh vi mt hi ng k thut gm cc thnh phn chnh l: a. C quan cp ng k s dng thang my. b. i din n v lp t thang my.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

c. i din n v (hoc c nhn) s dng thang my. Kt qu th nghim phi ghi thnh bin bn c ch k cc thnh vin v du ca n v chu trch nhim lp t. 1.4. Ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng an ton v ng|i vn hnh thang my phi |c hun luyn c bn v nghip v m mnh m nhim, c th l: - Hiu |c tnh nng k thut ca thang my m mnh ph trch (trng ti, vn tc lm vic vv.) - Bit cc tiu chun an ton lin quan n thang my. - Bit cch khc phc cc s c khn cp theo h|ng dn ca n v lp t. 2. Lp t 2.1. Cng tc chun b. 2.1.1. n v lp t thang my phi kim tra phn xy dng v chi tin hnh cng vic lp t sau khi xc nhn phn xy dng hon thnh v t cc yu cu k thut theo thit k. 2.1.2. B tr cc sn g thao tc, bt u t d|i ln, trn, sut chiu cao ging thang, vi khong cch gia chng khng qu 3m, c thang tay di chuyn gia cc sn; sn thao tc phi vng chc, chu |c ti khng d|i 2,5KN/m2 sn. 2.1.3. Che chn tt c cc ca tng v lp rp (nu c) t mt sn tng ng ln cao khng d|i l,lm, che kn st sn ln cao khng d|i 150mm; cc b phn che chn phi |c c nh chc chn vo t|ng. 2.1.4. Ko in chi sng tm thi n tng tng trong ging thang v vo bung my. Chiu sng tm thi dng ngun in c in p khng qu 42V, v chiu sng khng d|i 50Lux. Cc bng si t phi mc pha trn cc sn thao tc, ti nhng v tr khng gy cn tr cng vic lp t. 2.1.5. Khi sa cha, cai to thang my cc cng trnh ang s dng, trn tt c cc tng phi treo bin bo thang my ang sa cha, lm ro che chn. Khng cho ng|i l tip cn ca tng v vi ti nt bm trn t|ng. Nu sa cha mt trong hai thang my lp cng ging th phi che kn ton b vch ngn gia hai thang trn sut chiu cao. 2.1.6. Mc hon thin ca phn xy dng, cc sn g thao tc trong ging v cc ch che chn phi |c phn nh trong bin bn do bn t hng v bn lp t k. 2.1.7. Tr|c khi tin hnh cng vic lp t thit b thang my, ngoi cc yu cu nu trn phi bo m cc iu kin sau: a. C v ng b thit b thang my vi cht l|ng m bo. b. C vt t|, trang thit b, dng c, g cn thit cho lp t cc trang b in phi |c kim tra an ton in tr|c khi em s dng; c. C h s k thut - lp rp ca thang my; d. C trang b phng h lao ng, phng chng chy v c bn ni quy an ton lp t thang my. 2.2. Yu cu chung 2.2.1. Trong ging thang v bung my khng |c lp t bt k mt b phn, thit b no khc (|ng ng n|c, dy in...) khng lin quan n thang my.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.2.4. 2.2.5.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

2.2.6.

2.2.7.

2.2.8.

2.2.9. 2.3. 2.3.1.

2.3.2.

2.3.3. 2.3.4. 2.3.5.

Bung my phi thng thong, kh ro v che kn bi. H ging phi kh ro, khng c n|c ngm, n|c thi ngm vo h ging. Ca vo bung my phi c kha v phi |c lp tr|c khi bt u lp t cc thit b trong bung my. Khong h gia cp v mp l i cp trn sn bung my phi khng d|i 25mm. Khong khe gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin khng |c qu 25mm i vi thang iu khin t cabin v vi cabin khng c ca; khng |c qu 45mm i vi cc thang khc. chnh xc ng cabin mi im ng phi m bo trong gii hn 20mm i vi thang my bnh vin, thang my cht hng bng xe, v 50mm i vi cc thang my khc. Khong cch nhng im gn nht ca cc b phn thang my khng |c d|i cc gi tr sau: a. 50mm gia cabin v i trng; b. 50mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn tng l|i thp; c. 25mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn kn ca ging pha khng c ca cabin (15mm vi thnh ging khng c nhng phn li lm); d. l0mm gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin, gia cc chi tit nh ln ca ca tng v ca cabin, khng k cc chi tit kha ca tng cng cc b phn lin quan cabin. e. l0mm gia cc chi tit nh ln ca cabin (i trng) vi cc phn kt cu ray dn h|ng, k c cc chi tit kp cht ray. Khong cch gia cnh ca tng vi cnh ca cabin khng |c v|t qu 120mm. Khong cch t cc phn thp nht ca trn ging thang, hoc cc thit b lp d|i trn, n mt nc cabin, khi i trng trn cc tr t cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 750mm. Khong khng gian pha d|i cabin n y h ging, khi cabin ln cc t cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 500mm. K thut an ton. Khi tin hnh lp t thang my cn tun th nghim ngt quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng TCVN 5308: 1991, tiu chun an ton in trong xy dng TCVN 4086: 1985, quy phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN 4244: 1986, yu cu chung v an ton trong hn in TCVN3146: 1986 v an ton chy TCVN 3254: 1979, ng thi phi tun th nghim ngt cc iu quy nh d|iy. Cc cng vic xy trt hon thin phi tin hnh sau khi lp t xong thit b thang my vic trt t|ng ging thang (nu c trong thit k) phi tin hnh tr|c khi thit b thang my. Chy th khi ng hiu chnh cc thit b c, thit b in h thng iu khin, h thng kim tra v tn hiu phi tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xy trt hon thin. Khng |c tin hnh ng thi cng tc lp thang my vi cng tc thi cng ca cc n v xy dng hoc lp my khc ct cao khc nhau trong ging thang. Khi tin hnh cc cng vic hiu chnh nhit trong bung my v trong ging thang khng |c qu 400C v thp nht khng |c d|i 50C.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.3.6.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Cc cng vic hn trong lp t thang my phi do th hn c chng chi bc th 4/7 tr ln thc hin. Khi hn phi che chn, bo v thit b thang my trnh tc ng ca nhit v x hn. Khng |c hn cc dy in sau khi t dy. 2.3.7. Khng |c cc chi tit, thit b thang my dng c trang b ngh, vt liu xy dng... chim ch hnh lang, sn ch, cu thang v cc li i li khc. Ch |c php tp kt tm thit b thang my ln sn ln mi, ti nhng ni |c n v tng thu thi cng ng . 2.3.8. Trong khi tin hnh lp t, ti v tr lm vic thng xuyn phi c mt t nht hai ng|i. 2.3.9. Ng|i lm vic trong ging thang nht thit phi i m cng bo v, nu c s dng cc dng c in th phi co gng tay v i gi cch in. 2.3.10. Tuyt i khng |c tro bm theo khung st ray dn h|ng v cp di chuyn gia cc sn, m phi dng thang. Khng |c nm vt vo ging thang cc mnh kim loi, mu que hn hoc bt k vt g khc. 2.3.11. Ch |c php lm vic trong ging pha d|i cabin vi iu kin cabin |c chn cp (cp phi |c p cht vo rnh puli dn). |c hm bng b hm an ton, |c chn cht hoc |c t trn cc dn st khng th ri. 2.3.12. Khng |c lm vic trong cabin hot trn nc khi cabin ang chuyn ng. Khng cho php c ng|i trong cabin khi th b hm an ton. Khng |c dng ng c in ca b dn ng tho cabin khi hm an ton. 2.3.13. Ch |c php lm vic trn nc cabin vi iu kin cabin |c treo chc chn vo cp, b hm an ton |c chnh v |c th. Khng |c ln nc cabin qu 2 ng|i v khng |c ngi trn nc bung thng hai chn trong ging thang. 2.3.14. Khi c cng nhn trn nc cabin, ch |c php di chuyn cabin theo chiu i xung vi vn tc khng qu lm/s v phi cng mt cng nhn khc trong cabin; iu khin di chuyn cabin bng nt bm t trn nc. 2.3.15. Khng tin hnh trn nc cabin nhng vic c th lm ngoi ging thang nh| ra, lm sch cp v cc chi tit my. 2.3.16. Khng |c ng ngoi hnh lang th tay qua ca tng v ca cabin khi ng thang my. 2.3.17. Cc thit b nng h nh| ti , palng, puli... c th |c treo vo kt cu ca ging thang theo ng thit k v phi |c c nh, khng dch chuyn trong khi lm vic. 2.3.18. Chi ng m ti palng theo hiu lnh ca ng|i c trch nhim: bt k mt hiu lnh no khng r rng u |c hiu l lnh ng my. 2.3.19. Khi nng h trong ging thang, ti phi |c kp cht v treo chc chn:chi tho ti sau khi n |c t an ton vo v tr khng th ri. 2.3.20. Tuyt i khng cho php c ng|i pha d|i ti v trn |ng i ca ti ang nng h. 2.4. Quy tc nghim thu sau lp t 2.4.1. n v lp t thang my phi lm cc vic chun b cho nghim thu bo gm: a. Hon chnh b h s; b. Chun b cho thang my sn sng hot ng; c. Cng bn t hng chun b ti v m bo cc iu kin nghim thu.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.4.2.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

2.4.3.

2.4.4.

2.4.5.

2.4.6.

2.4.7.

Vic nghim thu sau lp t thang my nhm mc ch xc nh: a. Mc ph hp cc thng s v kch th|c ca thang my vi cc s liu ghi trong h s k thut. b. Thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton. Cc thng s k thut cn kim tra gm c: a. Trng ti: b. Vn tc lm vic v vn tc chm: c. chnh xc ng thang cc tng; d. Din tch sn cabin ca thang ch ng|i. Nghim thu thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton phi bo gm: a. Quan st kim tra: b. Th khng ti: c. Th ti tnh: d. Th ti ng. Khi quan st phi kim tra tnh trng ca: a. B dn ng: b. Thit b in: c. Cc thit b an ton: d. B iu khin, chiu sng v tn hiu: e. Phn bo che ging thang; f. Cabin, i trng, ray dn h|ng; g. Ca cabin v ca tng: h. Cp (xch) v phn kp cht u cp (xch): i. Bo v in: j. B cch in ca thit b in v dy in. Ngoi ra cn kim tra cc khong cch an ton, s in v cc dng c cn thit trong bung my, cc bin nhn nh my. Khi th khng ti cn kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn sau: a. B dn ng (pht nhit, chy du, hot ng ca phanh): b. Ca cabin v ca tng; c. B iu khin chiu sng v tn hiu; d. Cc b phn an ton (cng tc hnh trnh nt STOP" kha t ng ca tng, sn ng ca cabin). Th ti tnh nhm mc ch kim tra bn cc chi tit ca b dn ng tin cy ca phanh cp khng b tr|t trn puli dn, bn ca cabin, ca kt cu treo cabin, treo i trng v tin cy kp u cp. Th ti tnh |c thc hin vi cabin tng thp nht, gi ti trong thi gian 10 pht vi ti quy nh v|t qu trng ti: a. 50% i vi thang my c tang ca cp v thang my dng xch lm dy ko: b. 100% i vi thang my c puli dn cp.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Th ti tnh c th thay th bng 3 ln di chuyn cabin i xung vi ti v|t trng ti 50%. 2.4.8. Th ti ng nhm mc ch kim tra tin cy ca thang my c ti v kim tra hot ng ca b hm an ton, b hn ch vn tc v b gim chn, bng cch cht ti v|t trng ti 10% cho cabin chyln xung 3 ln. 3. S dng thang my 3.1. Ch s dng thang my trng thi k thut tt v |c cp ng k s dng. 3.2. Nhng ng|i vn hnh v s dng thang my phi trong trng thi sc khe bnh th|ng. Cm nhng ng|i say r|u, thn knh khng bnh th|ng vo v tr vn hnh iu khin hoc vo cabin s dng thang my. 3.3. Tr|ng hp mt in hoc ang sa cha bo d|ng phi treo bin thng bo tm ngng hot ng cc ca tng dng v ct cu dao in vo thang my. 3.4. Thang my ch hng c phn iu khin n gian (ng tng iu khin bng tay) nht thit phi c ni quy vn hnh cht ch m bo an ton trong vn hnh khai thc s dng. Ni quy ny phi |c th tr|ng n v duyt v treo v tr d nhn ti ni vn hnh Tuyt i khng |c vn chuyn ti m khng xc nh |c trng l|ng ca n. 3.5. Khi vn chuyn loi hng ha ri, vn, khng |c hng ra sn cabin m phi ng hng vo bao b, thng chia. Ch |c ra sn i vi thang my chuyn dng vn chuyn hng ri c kt cu cabin dng thng chia tiu chun. 3.6. Cm ch ng|i trong thang my chuyn dng ch hng (loi 5). 3.7. Nghim cm nhng ng|i khng c trch nhim t vo cc v tr sau: - Bung my; - H thang; - ng trn nc cabin; - Dng cha kha m cc ca tng, ca thng, ca quan st, ca bung my; - T cu dao cp in, hp cu ch. Cha kha cc v tr ni trn do ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng an ton ca thang my gi, cha th hai |c bn giao lun phin cho ng|i trc vn hnh. 3.8. Ti trong cabin phi |c xp chc chn n nh, v phn b cn i trn mt sn. Cm chuyn ch cc loi hng nng, cng knh xp ng cng vi ng|i. 3.9. Khi vn chuyn loi hng c kh nng gy chy, d kch n hoc c hi phi c bin php phng nga c bit. Cm vn chuyn cc loi hng ny cng vi ng|i.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

1. 2. 3.

4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Ph lc 1 Thang my: cc nh ngha v phn loi . Cabin: Bung thang my chia ng|i hoc hng chuyn ch. Trng ti: Khi l|ng nng cho php ln nht ca thang my o bng kilgam (kg). St chia: S l|ng ng|i nhiu nht cho php ch trn thang my; sc chia ph thuc vo din tch sn cabin. Thng s ny ghi trong h s k thut ca thang my chi c tnh cht tham kbo. Ging thang (Well): khong khng gian gii hn bi cc vch bo quanh, mt y h v trn ca ging; ging thang l khng gian cc phn chuyn ng ca thang: cabin, i trng, cp, xch v.v... di chuyn trong . im ng: v tr ra vo cabin thang my ti mi tng ng s dng. H ging (PIT): Phn ging thang pha d|i im dng thp nht. Bung nh ging (headroom): phn ging thang pha trn im ng cao nht. Vn tc lm vic: vn tc vn hnh theo thit k o bng m/pht hoc m/giy (m/min, m/s). Vn tc lm vic trn 2,5m/s (150m/min) |c gi l vn tc cao. Vn tc sa cha: Vn tc chm chi dng trong qu trnh kim tra, sa cha. Ph lc 2 Tiu chun loi b cp thp S si t ln nht cho php trn mt b|c bn
Cu to cp, s si 6 x 19 = 114 Bn cho Bn xui 14 16 18 20 22 7 8 9 10 11 6 x 37 = 222 Bn cho Bn xui 23 26 29 32 35 12 13 14 16 17

H s d tr bn ban u ca cp 9 9 O 10 10 O 12 12 O 14 14 O 16

2 3

Phi loi b cp theo mn (gim |ng knh) so vi ban u l 10%. Ph lc ny p dng i vi cc loi cp: - Treo cabin (i trng) - Cp ko h thng hm an ton. - Cp treo cnh ca la ng v.v... Vic thay th nh k hoc loi b cp c th cn c theo quy nh ring ca Nh ch to.