CHAPTER 3:

CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Miss Stephenie Nilus

Objective
The relationship between the number of moles and mass

The relationship between the number of moles and number of particles

The relationship between the number of moles and volume of gas

Empirical and molecular formulae

Review
The relationship between the number of moles and

MASS

NUMBER OF PARTICLES

VOLUME OF GAS

Number of moles = Mass Molar mass

Number of moles = Number of particles NA

Number of moles = Volume of gas Molar volume of gas

Definitions
I. Relative atomic mass (Ar)

II. Relative molecular mass (Mr)

Q&A 1) Find the relative molecular mass of the following. a)Br2 b)N2 c)NO2 d)CoCl2.6H20 e)PbSO4 a)160 b)28 f)CuSO4.5H2O c)46
d)238 e)303 f)250

2. A compound has the formula NaXO3. The relative molecular mass of the compound is 151. Find the relative atomic mass of X.
Answer: 80

3. Calculate how many more times 3 bromine atoms are heavier then 1 aluminium atom.
Answer: 8.89

The relationship between the number of moles and number of particles

Nu. of particles

NA

Mole
NA

* NA = 6.02 1023

Q &A
1. Calculate the number of particles in; (NA=6x1023) a)3.5 moles lead, Pb b)0.5 mole magnesium(II) ions, Mg2+ c)0.25 mole carbon dioxide, CO2
1 mole Pb contains 6x1023 lead atoms. So, Nu. 0f particles = 3.5 x 6x1023 = 2.1 x1024 atoms

1 mole Mg2+ contains 6x1023 Magnesium ions. So, Nu. 0f particles = 0.5 x 6x1023 = 3 x1023 ions

1 mole CO2 contains 6x1023 CO2 atoms. So, Nu. 0f particles = 0.25 x 6x1023 = 1.5 x1023 molecules

2. Calculate the number of moles of the following substances; a) 1.5x1024 atoms of silvers, Ag =2.5 moles b) 3x1022 oxide ions, O2- =0.05 moles c) 4.5x1023 nitrogen molecules, N2 = 0.75moles

3. Find the number of atoms in; a) 1.5 moles of Cl2 = 1.8x1024 atoms b) 0.75 moles of NO2 = 1.35x1024 atoms

Q &A
1. Calculate the number of particles in 8.5g of ammonia, NH3. 2. Calculate the mass of 1.2 1022 zinc atoms. 3. Calculate the mass of 3 1023 ethanol molecules, C2H5OH.

The relationship between the number of moles and mass

I. Mole
One mole of the atom of any substance has the same number of particles which is 6.02 1023 particles (NA).

Generally, Nu. of particles

NA Ar/Mr

NA

Mole

Ar/Mr

Mass (g)

Q&A
1. a) b) c) Calculate the mass of the following; 0.3 mole atom chlorine, Cl = 10.65g 1/8 mole of CO2 = 5.5g 3.2 moles ammonia gas, NH3 =54.4g

2. Find the number of moles in a) 31.5g Copper, Cu = 0.49 mole b) 45g ethane gas, C2H6 = 1.5 mole

3. Calculate the number of particles in a) 20g methane, CH4 = 7.5x1023 molecules b) 372.6g lead, Pb = 1.08x1024 atoms c) 4.68g water, H20 =1.56x1023 molecules

4. Find the mass of the following a) 2x1024 atoms of oxygen, O = 52.8g b) 1.2x1022 molecules of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 = 0.92g a) 1.56x1023 atoms of silver, Ag = 28.08g

The relationship between the number of moles and volume of gas

Nu. of particles
NA NA Ar/Mr

Mole

Ar/Mr

Mass (g)

22.4dm3 or 24dm3

22.4dm3 or 24dm3

Volume of gas

s.t.p = 22.4dm3 r.t.p = 24dm3

Q&A
1. Calculate the volume occupied by the following gases at s.t.p a) 3.5 moles of ammonia gas, NH3 = 78.4dm3 b) 2.8g carbon monoxide, CO =2.24 dm3 c) 1.5x1023 molecules of oxygen, O2 = 5.6dm3

2. Calculate the volume occupied by 1.6g of sulphur dioxide at room conditions. = 0.6dm3

3. Calculate the number of moles of 720cm3 of ammonia, NH3 at room temperature. = 0.03mole

4. Calculate the number of molecules in 0.48dm3 of oxygen at s.t.p =1.26 molecules

5. Calculate the mass of 1.2dm3 of methane, CH4 at s.t.p = 0.857g

Empirical and molecular formulae

Empirical formula the simplest ratio of the atoms that combine to form a compound. Simplest ratio of a compound is also the simplest mole ratio of the elements. Ex : H2O (Water) Molecular formula The actual numbers of the atoms that combine to form a compound. Ex: Empirical formula for ethane compound (CH3)n = 30 n=2 Molecular formula = C2H6

 Ex: Find the empirical formula of given information

Element Mass (gram) M 2.4 O 1.6

Relative atomic mass

48

16

Solution
Element Mass Number of moles Simplest ratio M 2.4g 2.4 48 = 0.05mole 0.05 0.05 =1 mole O 1.6g 1.6 16 =0.1 mole 0.1 0.05 =2mole

Thus, empirical formula of compound is MO2

Q &A
1. 2.5g of X combined with 4g of Y to form compound with the formula XY2. If the relative atomic mass of Y is 80, determine the relative atomic mass of X. 2. Boric acid is used to prepare prawns and fish. Chemical analysis of the compound shows that it contain 4.8%hydrogen, 7.7% boron and the rest is oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of boric acid. ( RAM :H=1, B=11, O=16)
3. A gaseous hydrocarbon X contains 85.7% of carbon. Determine the empirical formula of X. (RAM: H=1, C=12)

4. A metal X combines with 4.32g oxygen to form 13.68g of a metallic oxide of X. Find the empirical formula of the metallic oxide. [RAM of X=52]

5. A compound CxHyOz contains 40% carbon and 53.3% oxygen. If the relative molecular mass of the compound is 180, find its; a) empirical formula b)molecular formula

6. A metallic oxide, XO2 contains 63.22% of the metal X by mass. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the metal X.

7. A metallic oxide, M2O3 is formed when 5.4g of the metal M combines with m gram of oxygen. Find the value of m. [RAM: O=16, M=27]

Conclusion
The relationship of the number of moles
NA NA Ar/Mr

Nu. of particles

Mole

Ar/Mr

Mass (g)

22.4dm3 or 24dm3

22.4dm3 or 24dm3
* NA = 6.02 1023 s.t.p = 22.4dm3 r.t.p = 24dm3

Volume of gas

Conclusion
Empirical and molecular formulae
Step 1

Write the mass or percentage of each element

Step 2

Calculate the number of moles

Divide each number by smallest number to Step 3 obtain simplest ratio Write the empirical formula

Step 4

Thank you