AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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The structure shown below has four elastic bars connected by smooth pins. The elastic bars have the same EA. Bar 2-1 is subject to a thermal change of T12 . Length of bar 2-1 is L. Determine: 1. Horizontal and vertical displacements at node 1 by using: (a) Principle of Virtual Work, (b) Castiglianos First Theorem. 2. Member forces 3. Magnitude and direction of the reaction force at node 5

T12
2 L 1

30

45

60

The following is known: E = 10 106 psi A = 1.0 in2 L = 100 in = 45 T12 = 200 F 1 = 13 106 F P = 10000 lbs

AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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GENERAL INFORMATION Note that node order has been reversed. Thats why we add 180 to the angle.

Bars

ij

cos ij

sin ij

Lij [in]

Eij Aij [lbs] 1 107

kij =
Eij Aij Lij

[lbs/in] 100000 50000 3 50000 2

t Nij = (E A T )ij [lbs]

uij = q2j1 q2i1

vij = q2j q2i

1-2

180 + 0 180 + 30 180 + 45 180 + 60

-1

100

-26000

q3 q1

q4 q2

1-3

3 2

1 2

200 3

1 107

q5 q1

q6 q2

1-4

1 2

1 2

100 2

1 107

q7 q1

q8 q2

1-5

1 2

3 2

200

1 107

50000

q9 q1

q10 q2

q3 = q4 = q5 = q6 = q7 = q8 = q9 = q10 = 0 I. DEFLECTIONS USING PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK Using Mathematica to simply results we get:

Bars 1-2

sij = uij cos ij + vij sin ij q1

sij q1

t Nij = kij sij Nij

26000 + 100000 q1

1-3

3 q1 2

q2 2

3 q1 2

q2 2

75000 q1 + 25000

3 q2

1-4

q 1 2

q 2 2

q1 2

q2 2

50000 q1 + 50000 q2

1-5

q1 2

3 q2 2

q1 2

3 q2 2

25000 q1 + 25000

3 q2

AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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Using Mathematica to simply results we get:

Bars 1-2

Nij sij 26000 q1 + 100000 q1 q1

1-3

37500

3 q1 q1 + 37500 q2 q1 + 37500 q1 q2 + 12500

3 q2 q2

1-4

25000

2 q1 q1 + 25000

2 q2 q1 + 25000

2 q1 q2 + 25000

2 q2 q2

1-5

12500 q1 q1 + 12500

3 q2 q1 + 12500

3 q1 q2 + 37500 q2 q2

We add and symplify using Mathematica: Wint = Nij sij = 26000. q1 + 212807. q1 q1 + 94506. q2 q1 + 94506. q1 q2 + 94506. q2 q2

Wext = 7071.07 q1 7071.07 q2

Using Mathematica: Wext Wint = 0 = 18928.9 q1 212807. q1 q1 94506. q2 q1 7071.07 q2 94506. q1 q2 94506. q2 q2 = (18928.9 212807. q1 94506. q2 ) q1 + (7071.07 94506. q1 94506. q2 ) q2 = 0 This leads to two system of equations: 18928.9 212807. q1 94506. q2 = 0 7071.07 94506. q1 94506. q2 = 0 Solution to this system of equation is solved in Mathematica: q1 = 0.100234 in q2 = 0.0254131 in

AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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II. DEFLECTIONS USING CASTIGLIANOS FIRST THEOREM Using Mathematica and simplifying

Bars

sij = uij cos ij + vij sin ij

1 2 2 kij sij

t Nij sij

1-2

q1

2 50000 q1

26000 q1

1-3

3 q1 2

q2 2

25000 3

3 q1 2

q2 2

1-4

q 1 2

q 2 2

25000 2

q 1 2

q 2 2

1-5

q1 2

3 q2 2

25000

q1 2

3 q2 2

Bars

t Uij = 1 kij s2 Nij sij ij 2

1-2

2 50000 q1 + 26000 q1

1-3

25000 3

3 q1 2

q2 2

1-4

25000 2

q 1 2

q 2 2

1-5

25000

q1 2

3 q2 2

U=

2 Uij = 50000 q1 +26000 q1 +25000 3

3 q1 2

q2 2

+25000 2

q 1 2

q 2 2

+25000

q1 2

3 q2 2

AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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Loads Qk s : Q1 = 7071.07 lbs Q2 = 7071.07 lbs Using Mathematica and simplifying: U q1 = Q1

26000 + 212807. q1 + 94506. q2 = 7071.07

U q2

= Q2

94506. q1 + 94506. q2 = 7071.07 These equations can be rearranges in the following form: k11 k12 k21 k22 q1 q2 = Q1 Q2 + Qt 1 Qt 2

where, [K] is the stiness matrix ([lbs/in]), (Note that the stiness matrix is symmetric for our problems.) {q} is the vector of unknown displacements ([in]), {Q} is the vector of the applied forces ([lbs]), {Qt } is the vector of the thermal loads ([lbs]). Therefore, 212807 94506 94506 94506 q1 q2 = 7071.07 7071.07 + 26000 0

By solving this system of equations, the displacements turn out be the same as for the PVW (as it should be): q1 = 0.100234 in q2 = 0.0254131 in

AOE 3124 Spring 2001 Aerospace Structures

PVW and 1st Castiglianos Theorem Example # 4: Problem 2

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III. FORCE MEMBERS Nij is the internal force acting on each bar. Therefore, after substituting the values for q1 and q2 and simplifying using Mathematica we get N12 = 26000 + 100000 q1 = 15976.6 lbs N13 = 75000 q1 + 25000 3 q2 = -6417.17 lbs

N14 = 50000 q1 + 50000 q2 = -3741.07 lbs N15 = 25000 q1 + 25000 3 q2 =-1405.44 lbs

Negative values indicate compression and the positive values indicate tension. IV. REACTION FORCE Note that Q9 denotes the horizontal component of the reaction at node 5, positive right, and Q10 denotes the vertical component of the reaction at node 5, positive up. The axial force in bar 1-5 acts on the free body diagram of node 3, and note that the force is assumed tensile in the equations below.

N15

60 Q10 N15 5 Q9

Q9 + N15 cos 60 = 0 Q9 + (1405.44 lbs) cos 60 = 0 Q9 = 702.721 lbs Therefore,

Q10 + N15 sin 60 = 0 Q10 + (1405.44 lbs) sin 60 = 0 Q10 = 1217.15 lbs

R3 = 702.721i + 1217.15j lbs