B51GE Renewable Energy Technologies Dry' coursework Dubai,

Autumn 2012

Submit the solutions to these questions by Friday 30th November 5pm of the week following the last solar lecture. These questions contribute 10% to the final course grade. 1.
A. A surface tilted from horizontal and pointed 10 west of due south is in a city at 55.95N latitude. Find the solar altitude and azimuth angles at 2h after local noon on November 15. Also calculate the following parameters: Sunrise and Sunset hours The day length. The incidence angle if the surface is placed in horizontal. The incidence angle if the surface is placed in vertical.

B. From the diameter of the sun and the earth and the mean distance of sun from earth
(use lecture notes for these values), estimate the amount of energy emitted from the sun, estimate the amount of energy emitted from the sun, the amount of energy received by the earth, and the solar constant for a sun temperature of 5777K. If the distance of Venus from the sun is 0.71 times the mean sun-earth distance, estimate the solar constant for Venus.

C. The data from an actual collector test are shown in the following table. If the collector
area is 1.95m2 and the test flow rate is 0.03kg/s, find the collector characteristics FR() and FRUL.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Solar Radiation (Wm-2) 851.2 850.5 849.1 855.9 830.6 849.5 853.3 860.0 858.6 Ambient Temperature (C) 24.2 24.2 24.1 23.9 24.8 24.5 23.9 24.3 24.5 Inlet Temperature (C) 89.1 89.8 89.5 78.2 77.9 77.5 43.8 44.2 44.0 Outlet Temperature (C) 93.0 93.5 93.3 83.1 82.9 82.5 52.1 52.4 51.9

D. A small household lighting system is powered from a nominally 12V (four cells of 3V
each) battery having a capacity of 45Ah supply when charged. The lighting is used for 5h each night, drawing a current of 4.0A. Design a suitable PV module (i.e. calculate the area of PV required) that will charge the battery from an arrangement of silicon solar cells. Assumptions: that the cells have a maximum output at 0.6 V; the batteries require 20% more than their nominal output to charge them; the batteries have a round-trip efficiency of 80%; each solar cell has an efficiency of 22%; assume 6h of full sunshine each day.