Works Cited Primary Sources Adams, J. H., Mrs. Letter to Bethlehem Baptist Association. 1918. MS. Lib. of Cong.

This letter that I found in the Library of Congress, which was an example of letters that were sent by the Chicago Defender in order to encourage blacks to migrate to the industrial cities. I thought this was a good historical document to add another visual aspect to my website. Reading them, you can see how the churches aided them, often helping them to find housing when arriving in the north. "City's Negro Poet Offers New Volume." Washington Post 21 Feb. 1926, AF6: n. pag. Print. This article was a very useful primary source document written by The Washington Post. It reported the rise of a new writer name Langston Hughes, which is something that I believed should be incorporated on his tab in my website. It gives a detailed description in of his literary genius in only a few paragraphs, and at the end it includes a poem. This source was very beneficial. Delano, Jack. A Group of Florida Migrants on Their Way Home to Cranberry, New Jersey, to Pick Potatoes, near Shawboro, North Carolina. July 1940. Photograph. Farm Security Administration, Prints & Photographs Div., The Lib. of Cong. I used this photograph to show an example of the black migrant traveling north during The Great Migration in hopes of a better life. I choose it because I felt that it truly captured the essence of a migrant. Not only was there an endless road behind them but luggage, representing how they packed up all of their belongings and traveled to another destination.

- - -. Mr. Langston Hughes, Negro Poet and Playwright. Apr. 1942. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USW3- 001542-D. This photo was chosen because I felt that it was a good image of Langston Hughes for my website. Galliard, Cleveland. Letter to Bethlehem Baptist. 1917. MS. Lib. of Cong. This letter that I found in the Library of Congress, which was one of many examples of letters that were sent by the Chicago Defender in order to encourage blacks to migrate to the industrial cities. I thought this was a good historical document to add another visual aspect to my website. Reading them, you can see how the churches aided them, often helping them to find housing when arriving in the north. Hughes, Langston. "Langston Hughes: On Harlem." CBS. CBS News. 13 Sept. 1959. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/>. This primary source of an interview CBS did with Langston Hughes, I found to be very interesting. In this video, he talks about Harlem and its racial tensions, while also giving a quick glimpse at the racial and political issues that blacks faced. I am including this visual aspect onto Hughe's page on my website. I hope it will add a more personal element, allowing the viewer to meet Hughes. - - -. "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain." Nation (1926): 692-94. Print. This poem, I originally came across in the book Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance, which included a portion of Hughe's writing. The final few paragraphs, I feel sums up the entire purpose of the Renaissance and the idea of racial pride. I believe that a quote from this writing will be included on either the front page or the very last page on the website.

James Weldon Johnson, Half-length Portrait, Seated at Desk, Holding Pen, Facing Slightly Right. 1920. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LOT 13074. I choose this photo because I liked he way James Weldon Johnson was sitting and writing displaying him in his element. Johnson, James Weldon. "What is the Negro Doing for himself?" Liberator [New York City] June 1918: 29-31. Print. Using this article, I found a quote by Jame Weldon Johnson that I felt embodied the ambitions of the new generation that partook in the Renaissance. Adding the quote to the bottom of the page, added an extra element to the website. It gave the viewer a closer look to his personal voice and opinions. Johnson, Johnson Weldon. "Book of American Negro Poetry." Chicago Defender [Chicago, Illinois] 25 Apr. 1931, col.1: 15. Print. I found this primary source of the Chicago Defender to be very helpful in my research. In the "BookShelf" section, there was a list of famous artists and their poetry, plays, music, and literature of the Harlem Renaissance. The list of names and works, allowed for further research and primary sources. Lawrence, Jacob. No. 1 - No. 60. 1940. The Migration Series. Phillips Collection. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. <http://www.phillipscollection.org/migration_series/index.cfm>. The Phillips Collection website supplied me with the panels for the Migration Series that was put into Jacob Lawrence's page. The series displayed the transition of blacks from the south to their migration north to the industrial cities. It was the visual that matched the words included on my push and pull factors page. Locke, Alain. "The Negro's Contribution to American Art and Literature." JSTOR. Sage, Nov. 1928. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/discover>. I found this source on google books, but I still feel as though it would be a helpful source, since it to me explains the transition of art and literature prior to the movement and into the Renaissance. This

transition is the "turning point", allowing me a more clear few of the changes that happened. A quote from this small segment may be included. McKay, Claude. Harlem Shadows: The Poems of Claude McKay. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922. Print. This source, I thought to be very beneficial. Claude McKay was a prominent writer of the Harlem Renaissance, and this book I found from the Library of Congress, has lots of his poetry; many addressing the issues with racial equality, pride, and the city of Harlem itself during the Renaissance time period. Parks, Gordon. Portrait of Langston Hughes. 1943. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USW3033841-C [P&P]. This image was added a visual component to my Langston Hughes page. It allowed the viewer to see what he look like. I choose it because I enjoyed the way he was smiling in the photo hugging the sculpture. Po'Gal. By Zora Neale Hurston. Library of Congress. N.p., 18 June 1939. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/h?ammem/flwpabib:@field(NUMBER+@band(afcflwpa+3139a2))>. This audio file was an example of Hurston being a folklorist. I enjoyed hearing what her voice sounded like and her description of the tune Po' Gal. I felt as though the audio file made her page more personal, bringing the page to life. VanDerZee, James. Studio Portrait of Young Man with Telephone. 1929. Photograph. Smithsonian American Art Museum. I enjoyed this picture taken by James VanDerZee adding it to his photo slide show on his page. - - -. Wedding Portrait with Superimposed Image of a Little Girl. 1926. Photograph. Museum of the City of New York. I choose this image because I felt that it displayed VanDerZee's

type of photography, which included taking pictures of African American occasions like weddings. Vechten, Carl Van. Coast Guardsman Jacob Lawrence, Half-length Portrait, Facing Right, Looking at His Work Being Exhibited at the Institute of Modern Art in Boston. 1945. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USZ62-129809. This picture of Carl Van Vechten really stood out to me. Vechten is looking to the side with an expression as if he were contemplating life. I found the image to be very interesting and wanted it to be the main photo on his page. - - -. Mr. and Mrs. Bill Robinson. 25 Jan. 1933. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. I chose this picture because I enjoyed the happy looks on the couples face and the overall composition of the image. I incorporated it in my slide show of Carl Van Vechten's work. - - -. Portrait of Bill Robinson. 25 Jan. 1933. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USZ62-114510. I thought this image was different than the other Carl Van Vechten photos that I had chosen; the man was standing instead of sitting. I liked the photo and thought that it added an extra element. - - -. Portrait of Carl Van Vechten. 1934. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LOT 12735. I used this photograph on my Carl Van Vechten page. I thought it was very helpful. - - -. Portrait of Jacob Lawrence. 1941. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USZ62-114410. I found this picture of Jacob Lawrence from the Library of Congress to be fairly helpful when being added to my website. - - -. Portrait of Jacob Lawrence. 31 July 1941. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. LC-USZ62-95743. I found this picture of Jacob Lawrence was fairly helpful when being added to my website.

- - -. Portrait of James Weldon Johnson. 1932. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This self portrait was included on my page dealing with James Weldon Johnson. I enjoyed the photograph, so I put it in my website. - - -. Portrait of Langston Hughes. 1936. 1 photographic print : gelatin silver. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. This nice image that I found in the Library of Congress of Hurston was included because I found it to be a very good picture of her smiling. It added a visual representation of the writer, enabling the viewer to what she looks like. - - -. Portrait of Langston Hughes. 29 Feb. 1936. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. I chose this photo because, I wanted an example of prominent people apart of the Renaissance that Vechten took pictures of. - - -. Portrait of Zora Neale Hurston. N.d. 1 photographic print : gelatin silver. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. This image of Hurston was used because I found tit to be a very attractive photo of her.

Secondary Sources Amoruso, Marino, dir. New Nork Noir: The History of Black New York. 2008. Film. The film allowed me to visualize the Renaissance and the Migration itself and to tie together the timeline of blacks history in the city of NewYork. It supplied me with a loft of general information what was going on that time period; including different things about racism, civil rights, and the Harlem Renaissance itself. I found it to be very interesting. Barboza, Anthony. "James VanDerZee." Brooklyn Museum. N.p., 1980. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/153800/James_Van_Der_Zee>

. I thought this was a nice portrait of James VanDerZee, which I incorporated on his page. Botkin, Joshua. "Chicago Defender." ncyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. N.p.: n.p., 2006. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. </http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/>. This reference source helped me find out information about the Chicago Defender including; who established it and how it affected the black community. I added only a little bit of the facts onto my page about Newspapers and magazines during the Harlem Renaissance. Campbell, Mary Schmidt, et al. Harlem Renaissance Art of Black America. N.p.: Studio Museum in Harlem, 1994. Print. This book was very useful in finding different important artists of the Harlem Renaissance. From it I learned about Aaron Douglas, Carl Van Vechten, and James VanDerZee. It also helped me find what pictures that I liked so that they could be added to my website. Charles Scribner's Sons. "Langston Hughes." DAB. New York: n.p., 1988. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/>. I found this reference source very useful, it helped me find the biographical information about Langston Hughes including: his birth and death date, important works, and people he worked with throughout his life. Using this source, I was able to supply the viewer of my website facts about him, so that they may better understand him as a writer, poet, and playwright. - - -. "Zora Neale Hurston." DAB. New York: n.p., 1980. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/>. The information that I gained from this database gave me the general background information of Zora Neale Hurston's

life and her important works. Without it, I would not have been able to learn and understand about her life as a whole from the moment she was born, until her death. Claude Mckay (1890 -1948). 2005. Photograph. Discovery Education. This photograph was used to give a photographic representation of Claude Mckay. I choose it because he was smiling when captured. Duke Ellington & His Cotton Club Band - Old Man Blues (1930). Youtube. N.p., 13 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ih97QJmkgUo>. This video was added to the music page of my website to give the viewer the feel of the cotton club and the jazz scene. I enjoyed the feeling the of excitement that the video gave off and decided to chose. I found it relatively beneficial over all. "Jacob Lawrence." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: n.p., 1998. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage>. This database was very helpful in the research process, it supplied me with the general background information dealing with Jacob Lawrence. With it, I was able to understand his life story and his favored style of painting, which was doing series paintings. I believe this was a quality source. "James Van DerZee." Book II. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. Detroit: n.p., 1998. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic>. James VanDerZee, an important artist of the Harlem Renaissance, was included in my project. By using this source, I was able to find information about him that cold be included in my website. I found this to be a quality source that gave me a substantial amount of historical facts.

"James VanDerZEe." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: n.p., 1998. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://c.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/>. This source helped me find out the biographical information on James VanDerZee, so that I could better understand his life story and his accomplishments. It included his birth and death date and some of his important works in between. James VanDerZee was a good contribution to the Harlem Renaissance as a whole. "Meet Jacob Lawrence." Whitney. Whitney Museum of American Art, 2002. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. <http://whitney.org/www/jacoblawrence/art/painting_method.html>. This website showed me some of Jacob Lawerence's work. It also gave me important information on him. I found it relatively useful. Nieman, Linda L. "Lawrence, Jacob." Houghton Mifflin. Boston: Reader's Companion to American History, 1991. N. pag. History Study Center. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. <http://www.historystudycenter.com/search/displayMultiResultReferenceItem.do?Multi= yes&ResultsID=13BA19609E2&fromPage=search&ItemNumber=3&QueryName=refer ence>. "Opportunity." Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 4 Feb. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430250/Opportunity>. This short summary gave me just a little bit of information on the Opportunity magazine that was published during the time period of the Harlem Renaissance. It was somewhat beneficial and allowed me to give a quick overview of what the magazine was, who was the editor, and how it aided black writers during the Renaissance.

Powell, Richard J. Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance. Italy: Hayward Gallery, Institute of International Visual Arts, University of California Press, 1997. Print. This book supplied me with information about the different artists of the times prior to the Harlem Renaissance, during the Great Migration, and the aspects afterward with in the Renaissance itself. The novel did a good job of displaying the blend of literature, art, and music during the Renaissance. The art in the novel will be very useful in displaying the transition from the art of the great migration to the era of more modernism during the Renaissance. It also included a lot of important artistic figures. Russell, Thaddeus. "Cotton Club." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. N.p.: n.p., 2006. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/>. I found that this site gave me very useful information on the Cotton Club. I was very helpful and provided me with the essential fact like who was the owned and about its tourists. It wasn't very long, but I still felt like I gained enough knowledge from it. Savoy Ballroom, Harlem, New York City, 1939. 1939. Photograph. Black Study Center. Not only was this picture a great image, but the caption supplied me with information about the Savoy. The Savoy ballroom was one of the frew places during that time that was integrated between blacks and whites. VanDerZee, James. "James VanDerZee, Self Portrait." Kennedy Center. N.p., 1918. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. <http://artsedge.kennedycenter.org/interactives/harlem/faces/james_vanderzee.html>. I used to this picture as a visual representation of James VanDerZee. It was very useful.

Wintz, Cary D. Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance. 1rst ed. Houston, Texas: Rice UP, 1988. Print. This novel helped me understand the overall picture of the Harlem Renaissance; supplying me with a lot of back-story information. Using this as reference source, I was able to understand the Great Migration and the settlement of the blacks in the city of Harlem. The book introduced many people that were essential to the literary aspect of the movement and activists as well. Wormser, Richard. "The Crisis Magazine Established (1910)." PBS. Educational Broadcasting Co., 2002. Web. 4 Feb. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_crisis.html>. This article that I found on the PBS website, helped me find out important information about The Crisis magazine. The background information found was added to give context to the picture that was added.