Mariano Gmez y Guard was a Filipino secular priest, part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely accused

of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen. EARLY LIFE Gmez was born on August 2, 1799 in the suburb of Santa Cruz, Manila. He was a Tornatrs, one born of mixed Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were Francisco Gmez and Martina Guard. After studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letrn, he took theology in the University of Santo Toms. He was a student preparing for the priesthood in the Seminary of Manila. ASSIGNMENT IN CAVITE On June 2, 1824, he was designated the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite. Aside from taking care of the spiritual necessities of the town and the church, he also taught agriculture and cottage industries. Gmez also helped in maintaining a harmonious relationship among his other priests. He fought for equal rights of native priests against the abuses of their Spanish counterparts. DEATH Gmez was accused of treason, sedition, and taking active part in the Cavite mutiny of 1872 and sentenced to death by garotte in a military court. He was sent to jail along with Fray Jos Burgos, Fray Jacinto Zamora, Joaqun Pardo de Tavera and Mximo Paterno. The three friars were executed on February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan field; and have been known since then by the acronym composed of their collective surnames Gomburza. Before his death, Gmez was active in the publication of the newspaper "La Verdad" (Spanish, "The Truth"). Jos Apolonio Burgos y Garca was a Filipino mestizo secular priest, accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in thePhilippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen. EARLY LIFE Burgos was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837 to a Spanish officer, Don Jos Tiburcio Burgos, and a mestiza mother named Florencia Garca. He obtained three undergraduate degrees with honors, two masters degrees and two doctorate degrees from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and from the University of Santo Tomas. He conducted his first mass in the Intramuros. CONTRIBUTION Burgos' liberal views, codified in editorial essays, championing political and ecclesiastic reforms in favor of empowering more native clergymen, made him a target of opposition by Roman Catholic authorities. In 1864, an anonymous pamphlet was published in Manila, criticizing the prejudice in the Church, and providing rebuttals against several canards against the native clergy. Although the document was unsigned, historians believe the author to be Burgos, based on its style and content. Burgos also penned several signed articles later in his life, in response to a series of anonymous written attacks on the Filipino clergy. Though Burgos offered few new ideas, his name caught the attention of Spanish authorities, who would report that the native clergy was becoming liberal and separatist. In 1869, Felipe Buencamino, a young student and an acquaintance of Burgos, was charged with spreading nationalist propaganda in the form of leaflets scattered throughout his school's campus, demanding academic freedom. This accusation was given credence by a protest he staged several months prior, against being required to speak Latin in the classroom. Consequently, Buencamino and some of his associates were sent to jail. With the aid of Burgos, Buencamino was freed four months later, only to be told that having missed school for four months, he would have to find a tutor who would help him make up for the classes he missed. Buencamino chose Burgos.

By this time, Burgos had established a reputation as a defender of the native clergy. His debates over the rights of native priests had extended to include questions of race and nationalism. This reputation would eventually cause him to be implicated in a mutiny in Cavite. DEATH After the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872, the trial of mutineer sergeant Bonifacio Octavo revealed that a man named Zaldua had been recruiting people for an uprising. Octavo testified that this man claimed to be under the orders of Burgos, but inconsistent details during Octavo's cross-examinations called into question the validity of his testimony. Nevertheless, governor-general Rafael Izquierdo reported to Madrid that the testimony had confirmed his suspicions, and pinned the blame on Burgos and two other priests, Jacinto Zamora andMariano Gmez, for sedition. INFLUENCE Burgos was a close friend and associate of Paciano Rizal, Jos Rizal's older brother and mentor. Burgos's execution - along with Gmez's and Zamora's - deeply affected Jos, who was inspired to write his second novel, El Filibusterismo.

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (14 August 1835 - 17 February 1872) was a Filipino secular priest,
part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen. EARLY LIFE Born on August 14, 1835 to Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario, he began his early education in Pandacan and later at theColegio de San Juan de Letran. He was classified as an insular under [1] the Spanish caste system prevailing at that time. He later transferred to the University of Santo Tomas after finishing his Bachiller en Artes. Zamora graduated on March 16, 1858 with the degree of Bachelor of Canon and Civil Laws. He became a student preparing for the priesthood in the Seminary of Manila. PASTORAL LIFE After being ordained, Zamora handled parishes in Marikina, Pasig, and Batangas. He was also assigned to manage the Manila Cathedral on 3 December 1864. In league with fellow priests Mariano Gmez and Jos Burgos, he continued the mission that Pedro Pelaez began, the secularization of Filipino priests. DEATH Zamora had a habit of playing cards after saying Mass. Once, he received an invitation stating that his friend had "Powder and Munitions"; in a gambler's language, "Powder and Munitions" meant that the player had much money to gamble with. This invitation fell into the hands of the Spaniards and worse, it was on the night of the Cavite mutiny led by a Filipino soldier, Sgt. Lamadrid. This invitation was used by the Spaniards as evidence against the three priests. The court accused them of inciting the revolt, even though the evidence was not adequate. They were found guilty and sentenced to death by garrote. The execution was carried out on February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan Field in Manila. Gomburza or GOMBURZA is an acronym denoting the surnames of the priests Mariano Gmez, Jos Apolonio Burgos, andJacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on 17 February 1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Their execution had a profound effect on many Filipinos; Jos Rizal, the national hero, would dedicate his novel El filibusterismo to their memory.

The uprising by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext needed by the authorities to redress a perceived humiliation from the principal objective, Jos Burgos, who threatened the established order. BACKROUND During the Spanish colonial period, four social class distinctions were observed in the islands. These were 1) Spaniards who were born in Spain peninsulares, 2) Spaniards born in the colonies of Spain (Latin America or the Philippines)insulares or criollos, 3) Spanish mestizos, Chinese mestizos or 'Indios' (natives) dwelling within or near the city (or town) and the church, and, finally, 4) Chinese or Sangley and rural Indios. Father Burgos was a criollo, a Doctor of Philosophy whose prominence extended even to Spain, such that when the new Governor and Captain-General Carlos Mara de la Torre arrived from Spain to assume his duties, he invited Burgos to sit beside him in his carriage during the inaugural procession, a place traditionally reserved for the Archbishop and who was a peninsular Spaniard. The arrival of the liberal governor De la Torre was opposed by the ruling minority of friars, regular priests who belonged to an order (Dominicans,Augustinians, Recollects and Franciscans) and their allies in civil government, but supported by the secular priests, most of whom weremestizos and indios assigned to parishes and farflung communities, who believed that the reforms and the equality they wanted with peninsular Spaniards coming. In less than two years, De la Torre was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo. THE CAVITE MUTINY The so-called Cavite Mutiny of workers in the arsenal of the naval shipyard over pay reduction owing to increased taxation produced a willing witness to implicate the three priests, who were summarily tried and sentenced to death by garrote on February 17, 1872. The bodies of the three priests were buried in a common, unmarked grave in the Paco Cemetery, in keeping with the practice of burying enemies of the state. Significantly, in the archives of Spain, there is no record of how Izquierdo, himself a liberal, could have been influenced to authorize these executions. Gregorio Meliton Martinez, then the Archbishop of Manila, refused to defrock the priests, citing they did not break any canon law. He ordered the bells of every church to be rung in honor of the executed priests. The aftermath of the investigation produced scores of suspects, most of whom were exiled to Guam in the Marianas. Except for a few who managed to escape to other ports like Hong Kong, most of the suspects died there. RECOVERY OF REMAINS Early in 1998, bones believed to belong to one of the three executed priests were discovered at the Paco Park Cemetery by the Manila City Engineers Office.

Epekto ng pagbitay sa gomburza

Nag Dulot ng Malaking dagok sa mga Espanyol ang Pagkamatay Ng GomBurZa... Ito ay Naganap sa Pamumuno ni gobernador heneral Rafael De Insquirdo... Ipinapatay niya Ang GomBurZa Sa Kadahilanang Sila "daw" ay ang pasimuno ng malawakng pagaalsa sa Cavite... Pinamumunuan ito ni Lamadrid, Isang meztisong espanyol, Siya ay nag alsa dahil sa siya ay tinanggalng ng pribilehiyong di-makapagbayad ng Buwis at paggawa ng Polo... Madali namang nahuli at napatay si lamadrid sa pamamagitan ng Garote... Ang Tatlong pari (GomBurZa) ay Pinatay din sa pamamagitan ng Garote Pagkatapos ng kaguluhan sa cavite noong 1872,Lalo itong nagdulot ng paghihirap sa mga Pilipino. Ang Kanilang Mga kalayaan ay hindi bumuti, bagkus, lalo pa itong lumala. Ang Pagbitay sa GomBurZa ang Gumising sa natutulog na kamalayan ng mga Pilipino...