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Biomass
Eko Heryadi

Bioenergy
Historical
Biomass Oil Biomass

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Biomassa ?
The total quantity or weight of plants and/or animals in a particular area or volume (from Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 7th ed, 2005) Any material that is directly or indirectly derived from plant life and that is renewable in the time periods of less than 100 years (from Synthetic Fuels, by Probstein and Hicks, 1982) A mass of biological material produced from living processes (from Biomass Conversion and Technology, by Wereko-Brobby and Hagen, 1996) A renewable carbon resource (from Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals, by Klass, 1998)

Biomass = 6fs
Food Feed Fuel Feedstock Fibre Fertilizer

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FAO classifies bioenergy into :

1. Woodfuels 2. Agrofuels 3. Urban-based fuels

Biomass classified as :
Traditional bioenergy
Firewood Charcoal Residues

Modern biomass
Associated with industrial wood residues Energy plantation

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Categories of Biomass
A. Woody plants
Forests Agro-industrial plantations
e.g., materials from the plantations
Tea Coffee rubber coconut palms bamboo

Categories of Biomass
B. Non-woody plants
Agricultural crops (crops that are grown for food, fibre, and energy production) Crop residues (e.g., straw, leaves, stems) Processing residues (residues from the agroindustrial processing of crops, e.g., sawdust, bagasse, rice husks)

C. Animal wastes

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Faktor-faktor yg mempengaruhi biomassa

Internal
Kadar air Densitas Kadar lignoselulosa Kadar bahan lain (abu dan zat ekstraktif)

eksternal
Storage times Iklim dan cuaca Kondisi Sosial, politik dan ekonomi

Biomass

Thermochemical Conversion

Biochemical Conversion

pyrolysis

gasification

liquefaction Bioethanol Biodiesel Biogas/ Hydrogen

Syn-oil

Syn-gas

biochemical Main Biomass Conversion Processes A. Dermirbas, 2007

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