Kristina Soukupova, BA, MA, PhD University of West Bohemia, Plzen Summer 2013 Session

Armed Forces and Society

Content
Introduction
Course overview, Study Materials, Syllabus

Basic concepts Civil-military simulation

Discussion
Conclusion

Introduction
Kristina SOUKUPOVA
BA in Politics and Society, minor in International Law (Anglo American College Prague) MA in International Peace and Security (School of Law, Kings College London) PhD in War Studies (Department of War Studies, Kings College London) Almost 10 years experience as a defence and security consultant for governments (UK, US, Switzerland, CZ) and commercial sector Co-author of White Book on Defence (2010) Teaching experience: Kings College London, NATO International School of Azerbaijan, various conferences Managing Editor of Defence, Security and Conflict Studies for Versita Open Access Publishing

Introduction
Who are you and why are you here?
What are your expectations from this course? Why did you choose this course? Do you have any experience with the military or the police (active service, family member, ...etc)

Course Overview Aims of this course

To get you interested in the field
To make you want to learn more about the role of armed forces in societies To make you think across multiple disciplines

Course Overview
Sessions: Every OTHER Tuesday from 16:40 to 20:10
YOU MUSAT TAKE ACTIVE PART IN CLASS Grading: Class participation 50% Essays 50%

Course Overview
Each student will prepare TWO Essays and will present them in class The essays will be max 2,000 words

The presentations will be approx 20 minutes

I must approve the topics of your essays before you start researching and writing!

Course Overview

Study Materials
Use the internet as much as you can, be critical to your sources! There is a lot of material available in Open Source
Bibliography in your Syllabus I do not expect you to read it all But you must read at least some of the materials for each class

Course Overview

Topics
War and Armed Forces in the Modern State
Civil-Military Relations in Communist States Civil-military relations in Post-Communist states Security Sector Reform, Civil-military relations in the Czech Republic Non-traditional CMR - Armed Forces and Societies in Conflict Regions and Failed States. CMR in the 21st century

Basic Concepts

Basic Concepts

Just War Theory

Western Origin, Influenced by Christianity Developed over time Romans affirmed right-authority and proportionality Late middle ages before concept is completed and incorporated Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello

Basic Concepts

Just War Theory

JUS AD BELLUM (Justice in going to war) Just Cause Competent Authority Comparative Justice Right Intention Last Resort Probability of Success Proportionality of Ends

Basic Concepts

Just War Theory

JUS IN BELLO (Justice in the conduct of war)

Proportionately of means Discrimination of civilians (immunity)

Basic Concepts

Civil Military Relations Theory

Plato and the Republic But really developed post-WWII Originally focus on military coup d'tat

Basic Concepts

Civil
Everything except military A non-military establishment in a sense of tribal, ethnical, national or statebound units accommodating state structures.

Basic Concepts

Military
A specialized institution of coercion (violence) created to bear the burden of defense on behalf of a particular sociopolitical system.

Basic Concepts

Civil Military Relations

A power relationship defined by interactions between the military and the civil socio-political system

Basic Concepts
Military comes and is a part of the socio-political system

"...Pro obranu vlasti jsem pipraven nasadit i svj ivot. Tak psahm!"

Basic Concepts Monopoly over Legitimate Violence

Citizens give up their right of self defence and rely on the state
Violence is vested into military (institution) with the objective to protect socio-political system and pacify it States are defined by their monopoly over legitimate violence

Basic Concepts Civilian Control of the Military

We create an organization of violence to protect us... We train them, give them guns... How do we make sure this organization does not turn their guns against us? But who guards the Guards? Plato

Objective control: Civilians make policy and the military executes.

The Trinity
Govnt

Social Contract
Representation Protection

Civilians

Military

Basic Concepts
Healthy CMR are a core part of any democratic socio political system There are common principles but there is no generic solution each state has its own CMR

Basic Concepts

Questions so far?

15 Minutes Break

Simulation
The Banana Republic Armed Forces - BRAF
You are the Government of the Banana Republic You have the power and responsibility to: create brand new armed forces, define their roles and position within the socio-political system

Conclusion
The relationship between the armed forces and the civil socio-political system is a complex power relationship
Unique for each socio-political system

Requires a holistic approach

We are concerned about the control of the armed forces, but that is not our only problem/issue of study