Non Homogenous Equations Method of Variation of Parameters

This method is very much similar to the last method except that it especially applies to nonhomogeneous equations. Given a second order equation ( ) ( ) ( ) (*) .

We assume we know two linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous part, that is

The method is mostly used when p(x) and q(x) are constants which we have seen before. Once this is known, one replaces the arbitrary constants in by functions to manufacture We assume that we can solve the homogeneous part of equation (*) ( ) ( ) (**) .

To solve the equation above, the steps are : 1. Which and (1) be two linearly independent solutions of ( **) so that the

general solution of (**) 2. 3. We find Since , and , and .

are linearly independent, their Wronskian is nonzero, ( ) | and | in (1) by the functions ( ) and ( ),

4.

We replace the constants and wish to determine ,

so that a particular solution y p exists,

5.

We get ( ( Integrating ) ) become

) )

( (

(a) (b)

6.

Subtitution

and

to

7.

And the complete solution is `2

Example Solve:

1.

2.

| |

| |

3.

( ) )

4. ( ( 5. ( ) ( ( ) )) ) ( )