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cyKzi cvvm gvQ Pvli DbZ KjvKkj

cvvm gvQ eZgvb GKwU evcK PvlKZ GKwU gvQi cRvwZ| BbwUwUDUi, b`x K`, Pvu`cyi 1990 mvj Kwg cRbb me c_g _vB ev mPx cvvmi cvbv Drcv`b I ciewZZ cyKzi Pvl i nq| cieZxZ grm Awa`imn emiKvix D`vM cvvm Pvl chwy mviv`k evcK cmvi jvf Ki Ges Zv `ki Avwgl cvYxR Pvwn`v cib DjLhvM fzwgKv iL PjQ| cvvm gvQi ewk AwaK NbZ Pvl Kiv hvq Ges `wnK ewi nvi iB RvZxq gvQi Pq ekx nq ej G`i Drcv`b AbK ekx hv A_bwZKfve jvfRbK| cwZKj cwiek (Kg AwKRb, wcGBP, cvwbi NvjvZi ZviZg BZvw`) cvsMvm gvQ euvPZ cvi| ivzm gvQ bq weavq iB RvZxq gvQi mv_ wgk Pvl Kiv hvq Ges mefK weavq mciK Lv` ccu Pvl Kiv hvq| ^ _K gag jebv cvwb (2-10 wcwcwU), Ni I LuvPv Ges Abvb gmygx Rjvkq cvsMvm Pvl Kiv hvq| cvvm gvQ Pvl cyKzi cwZ cyKzi cwZi gj Dk njv cyKzi gvQi mnbxq emevmhvM cwiek Zix Kiv| 50100 kZvsk AvqZb wewk I 1-1.25 wgUvi cvwbi MfxiZv mcb cyKzi cvsMvm Pvli Rb Dg| cyKzi cwZi AZvekKxq KvR jv wbwjwLZ KqKwU avc mcb Kiv hvqt AvMvQv I cvo cwivi - cyKzi fvmgvb, jZvbv, wbgwZ BZvw` RjR AvMvQv KvwqK kgi gvag cwivi KiZ ne|

grmPvl chyw wb`wkKv

cvo I Zjv givgZ - cyKzii Zjvq AwaK Kv`v Rgj ev Zjv fivU nq _vKj Zjvi AwZwi Kv`v Zzj djZ ne| cyKzi Kvbvi ci fvv cvo I AmgZj Zjv givgZ KiZ ne| ivzm I AvgvQv `ixKiY- cyKzi ivzm I AvgvQv _vKj cvsMvm Pvl mdjZv wewNZ nZ cvi| ZvB cyKzi mP ev wel cvM Ki ivzm I AvgvQv AcmviY KiZ ne| ivUbb cwZ kZvsk 30 mwg. cvwbi MfxiZvq 25-30 Mvg cqvM Kiv hZ cvi| Pzb cqvM- gvwU I cvwbi Aevf` Pzb cqvMi gvvi ZviZg NUZ cvi| cvwbi wcGBP 8.5 Gi bxP nj cwZ kZvsk 1 KwR nvi cv_yi Pzb ev 0.60 KwR nvi KwjPzb eenvi KiZ ne| Pzb cqvMi 15 w`b ci cvsKUb Drcv`bi Rb cyKzi Re I ARe mvi eenvi KiZ ne| Re mvi wnee Mvei, gyiMxi wev Ges ARe mvi wnee BDwiqv, wUGmwc, Ggwc eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| cyKzi cZKvjxb mgq cwZ kZvsk 5-7 KwR Mvei A_ev 100-120 Mvg wUGmwc I 100-140 Mvg BDwiqv wgwkq mg cyKzi wQwUq w`Z ne| 4-5 w`b ci cvwbi is meyR ev ev`vgx njB cyKzi cvbv gRy` KiZ ne| cvbv gRy`Kib I Pvlvev` cwZ cvvm mvaviYZt GKKfve A_ev wgkfve Pvl Kiv hZ cvi| cyKzii bxPi ii Lvevi Lvq Ggb cRvwZi gvQ hgb- gMj, KvwjevDm gRy` bv KivB Dg ev msLvq LyeB Kg cwigvY gRy` KiZ ne| cyKzi cvwbi MfxiZv 1.4-2.0 wgUvi nj GKK Pvl cwZ kZvsk 8-10 mwg. AvKvii 100-120 wU cvbv gRy` Kiv hZ cvi| wgk Pvli ejvq cwZ kZvsk 50-60wU cvvmi cvbvi mv_, 8-10wU iB, 12-15wU wmjfvi Kvc I 3035wU gbvm Zjvwcqv cvbv gRy` Kij fvj Drcv`b cvIqv hvq| cyKzi cvbv Qvovi ce cvwbi Zvcgvv I Abvb bvejx hvZ nVvr Ki eo bv hvq mRb cvbvK axi axi Kgc 30 wgwbU Lvc LvBq cyKzi QvoZ ne|

grmPvl chyw wb`wkKv

mciK Lv` cqvM I gvv cvvm Pvl Avkvbyic djb cZ nj Kej gv cvKwZK Lv`i Ici wbfi Kiv Pje bv| cwiKwZfve cvvm Pvl KiZ nj gvQK AekB Pvwn`vgZ mylg `vbv`vi Lv` w`Z ne| Lv` c`vbi IciB cvvmi ewi nvi cZfve wbfikxj| cvvmi Lv` 25-32% cvYxR Avwgl _vKZ ne| wdmwgj ev UKx gvQi Muyov, Mevw` ci i, nvm-gyiMxi bvwo-fwo BZvw`i ga chv cwigvY Avwgl AvQ| ZvQvov wdmwgji cwieZ kvgyK, wSbyK, Mevw` ci bvwofwo KzwPu KzwPu Ki KU ev Mevw` ci i `qv njI cvYxR Avwgli Afve ciY ne| wgwkZ Lv`K c ev g evwbq ej Ki mivmwi cyKzi cqvM Kiv hZ cvi|
wewfb grm Lv`vcv`vbi cywgvbi AvbylvswMK weklY Lv` Dcv`vb grm PzY mwilvi Lj Mgi fwl PvDji Kuyov wgU G evb wgj mqvweb wgj gvU kZKiv nvi (%) 20 15 20 20 10 15 100 Avwgli cwigvY (%) 56 30 15 12 55 30 Zix Lv` Avwgli cwigvY (%) 11.2 4.5 3.0 2.4 5.5 4.5 29.3

cvvmi cyKzi cqvMKZ Lv`i cwigvY wbfi Ki gvQi `ni IRbi Ici| G gvQi Mo IRbK wnme Gb cwZ 15 w`b Ai bgybvqbi gvag cyKzii gvQi Mo IRb ei Ki Lvevii cwigvY wbaviY KiZ ne| gvU gvQi IRb ev Rxefii 18-3% nvi Lvevi w`Z ne| cwZw`b `y`dv mKvj I weKj wbw` mgq Lvevi w`Z ne| `wbK Lv` cqvMi cwigvYK `y fvM fvM Ki mKvj 50% Ges weKj 50% w`Z ne| `vbv`vi Lv` wQwUq Ges fRv Lv` ej evwbq w`Z ne| Lv`jv cyKzii AvqZb Abymvi 4-6 vb `qv hZ cvi| ZvQvov cyKzi AZvwaK Mfxi nj U ev Lvevi`vbx Zix Ki ZvZ Lv` w`j Lv`i AcPq Kg nq|

grmPvl chyw wb`wkKv

AvniY I Drcv`b DjwLZ cwZZ cvvm Pvl Kij 1 eQi Mo 1.5-2.0 KwR IRbi nq _vK| cvkvcvwk gRy`KZ Abvb gvQI evRviRvZ DchvMx nq| GZ eQi 25-30 Ub/n. gvQ Drcv`b Kiv me| cvsMvm Pvl mvcwZKKvj DyZ mgmvejx grm Lv`i cywgvb nvm cvIqvq Drcv`b nvm cvIqv| Lv`i gj ewi KviY Drcv`b LiP ew cvIqv| AwaK NbZ gRy` I AwZwi Lv` eenvii KviY cvwb `wlZ nq gvQ ivMi cv`yfve `Lv `Iqv| Pvl cwZi wUi KviY cvsvmi ^v` I MnYhvMZv nvm cq evRvi gj Kg Ges mvgwMKfve cvsvm Pvl AjvfRbK nq cov| mgmvejxi KviY mycvwikKZ nvi cvbv gRy` bv Kiv| AwaK NbZ (kZvsk 200-350wU) cvbv gRy` I AwZgvvq Lv` cqvM| cvsvmi AwaKvsk evwYwRK Lv` cqvRbxq gvvi (25-32%) Pq AbK Kg gvvi wbgvbi cvwUbhy (15-20%) I fRvj Lv` eenvii KviY Lv`i KvhKvwiZv nvm cvIqv| cvYxR Lv` Dcv`vb h_v wdkwgj Ges MYMZ gvb mcb wgU I evb wgji Afve I gj ew| AwZgvvq Lv` cqvMi dj cvwbi YvY web I ivMi cv`yfve `Lv `Iqv| AeenZ Lv`, gvQi RweK eR I Zj`k mwZ Kv`v BZvw` cuPYi dj cvwbZ AwRbi NvUwZ Ges Avgvwbqv I nvBWvRb mvjdvBW Mvmi welvZv ew cvIqv| A:cRbb mgmvhy I wbgvbi cvbv eenvii KviY Drcv`bkxjZv nvm| mgmv mgvavb Kibxq mycvwikKZ NbZi Pq AwaKnvi cvbv gRy` cwinvi KiZ ne| cvsvmi GKK Pvl 10-15 mwg. AvKvii DbZgvbi cvbv kZvsk 100-120 wU nvi gRy` KiZ

grmPvl chyw wb`wkKv

ne| cvbv gRy`i mgq h_vme GKB AvKvii cvbv gRy` Kij mvgwMK Drcv`b fvj ne| iB RvZxq gvQi mv_ wgkPvl cwZ kZvsk 50-60 wU cvsvm, 8-10 wU iB, 12-15 wU wmjfvi Kvc I 30-35wU gbvm Zjvwcqv gRy` Kij ek fvj dj cvIqv hve| YMZ gvbmcb Lv` Dcv`vb eenvi KiZ ne Ges Lv` cvwUbi cwigvb 2532% eRvq ivLZ ne| gRy`KZ gvQi eqm I `wnK IRbi AbycvZ Lv` cqvM KiZ ne| AwZgvvq Lv` eenvi AekB cwinvi KiZ ne| mieivnKZ Lv` wbqwgZ cheY KiZ ne bZzev AeenZ Lvevi cyKzii Zjvq Rg welv Mvmi myw Kie Ges nVvr Ki gvQi goK jvMZ cvi| cvwbi YvY ivi Rb cwZ gvm mwVK gvvq Pzb/wRIjvBU eenvi KiZ ne| cqvRbxq mgq cvwb mieivn I AwZwi cvwb wbqYi eev ivLZ ne| ivM cwZiva I wbqYi mvaviY wbqgvejx h_v- DbZ Pvl I Lvgvi eevcbv cwZ h_vh_fve AbymiY KiZ ne| wZxq evi _K cieZx cwZeviB cvbv gRy`i ce AekB cyKzi wKq cPv Kvjv Kv`v AcmviY Ki mwVK gvvq Pzb cqvMi gvag cyKzi kvab Ki wbZ ne| Lvgvi ivMi cv`yfve A_ev Ab Kvb mgmv `Lv w`j vbxq grm wekli civgk wbZ ne| gvQi ^v` I evRvi Pvwn`v ewi Rb wexi 2w`b ce weqhvM gvQ cwiKvi cyKzi vbvi Ki cevngvb cvwbZ iL evRviRvZ KiZ ne| H mgq Lv` mieivn e ivLZ ne| cvsvmi evRvi Pvwn`v I gj ewi Rb cY egyLxKiY h_v- wdjU, wUK/mvBm (dvwj) I ivbvi DchvMx Abvb grmcY evRviRvZ Kivi c`c MnY KiZ ne|

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