IX.

Etiology Precipitating Factors

Etiologic Factors History of abnormal breast biopsy (breast mass)

Actual Present: This was the chief complaint of the client upon submitting for check up.

Rationale There was residual neoplasm left from the first occurrence of a breast mass in 2006. These masses are the visible results of the neoplasia process. They are composed of actively growing tissue in which growth controlling mechanisms are permanently impaired, permitting progressive growth.

Predisposing factors Etiologic Factors Age (Greater than 50 years old) Actual Absent: The patient is only 47 years old. Rationale Increasing age is also associated with an increasing risk of breast cancer; the older the greater the risk. However , Ling was only 41 when she was fist diagnose of mass in her left breast. Gender (Common in Females) Present: Ling is female. Women are more prone to breast cancer because of the excessive exposure to sex hormones

Late Menopausal > 55 years old

Absent: Patient is only 47 years old and is still having her regular monthly menstration.

Breast cancer is clearly related to the ex hormones. In some types of breast cancers, the presence of the female sex hormone cancer cells grow and divide rapidly. During puberty, estrogen levels dramatically increase. During menopause, estrogen levels decrease. The longer the time the breast are exposed to estrogen, the higher the risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, breast cancer risk may be higher in women who started menstruating before age of 12 or in women who went through menopause after age 55.