“wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?

”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
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'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrm@toH
18 Zefe0g&D 2009

‘±kd[if*sm’
sm’ta&; ‘xkdif;0ef}uD;csKyf’u vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;rnf
xkdif;a&wyfu yifv,fxJa&jyefar#mvkdufwhJ ±kd[if*sm'kuQonfawG ta&;udk xkdif;0ef}uD;csKyfeJ@ vl@tcGihfta&;
tzGJ@awG awG@qHkaqG;aEG;awmhrSmyg? “reufjzefrSm vl@tcGifha&;tzGJ@awGukd tpdk;&±Hk;rSm vufcHawG@qkH+yD; 'dDudpPawG
aqG;aEG;zdk@&Sdygw,f” vdk@ 0ef}uD;csKyftzd
tzdppfu owif;axmufawGudk ajym=um;ygw,f?

tapmykdif;xGufay:cJhwJhowif;awGt& xkdif;a&wyfu ±kd[if*sm 400cef@udk

tpmryg/ a&rygbJ pufrygwJhavSwpD;ay:wif+yD; EkdifiHwuma&jyifxJ ar#m
v$wfvkduf+yD;aemuf oDwif;2 ywft=umrSm tJ'DxJu 100cef@udk tdENd,
a&wyfu u,fwifEkdifcJhw,f/ 300-eD;yg; aoqkH;oGm;w,fqkdwJh pGyfpGJcsuf
awG xGufvm+yD;aemuf xkdif;0ef}uD;csKyfu wHk@jyefvmwmyg?

0ef}uD;csKyftzd
tzdppfpf

xkdif;bufujyefykd@vkdufolvkd@,lq&wJh aemufxyfavSpD;'kuQonfwcsK@d udk

tdENd,EkdifiH ykd@bvJu|ef;teD;rSm 'Dae@xyfrHu,fwifEkdifchJw,fv@dk attufzf
yDowif;rSm azmfjyygw,f? 'DZifbm29uae 'Dae@txd jrefrmeJ@ b*Fvm;
a'h&SfEkdifiHom; avSpD;ajy;'kuQonfaygif; 446 OD;ukd tdENd,urf;ajcapmifh
wyfzGJ@u u,fwifEdkifcJhw,fvkd@ qdkygw,f?

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17 Zefe0g&D 2009
a&S›ae ‘udkzdk;jzL’
jzL’udk tm%mykdifrsm;u zrf;qD;
EkdifiHa&;tr_awGrSm vkdufygtusKd;aqmifaewJh vli,fa&S›aeuk
ukdzkd;jzLuk
jzL d tm%mydkifawGu zrf;vdkufw,fvkd@ ol@rdwf
aqGawGu ajymygw,f?

tkdift,ftkd(urBmhtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf) qD wkdif=um;r_eJ@ qufpyfzrf;qD;cHae&wJh atmifvH+rdK@ u udkaZmfaX;wk

X; d@
tr_wJGudk vkdufygaqmif&Gufay;aewJh udkzdk;jzL(touf 30 ausmf)ukd 'Dv 15 &ufnrSm rauG;wkdif; tm%mydkif
awGu zrf;vkdufwmvdk@ &efukef&Sd ol@vkyfazmfudkifzufwOD;u ajymygw,f?

'Dvqef; 1 &ufwkef;uvnf; rauG;w&m;¶Hk; tr_csdef;utjyefrSm udkzkd;jzLudk tm%mykdifawGu wnwm ac:,l

ppfaq;cJhygao;w,f? tJ'Daemuf udkzdk;jzLudk tr_vdkufa&S›aeyg0g ±kyfodrf;vkdufwma=umifh a'ocHa&S›ae OD;atmif
usifvif;udk wm0efv$Jvkduf&ygw,f?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 1
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
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tckw}udrfrSmawmh 3 &uf=umwJhtxd tdrfjyefra&mufao;wma=umifh ukdzdk;jzLudk tm%mydkifawGu zrf;xm;
vkduf+yDvkd@ ,kH=unf&a=umif; ukdzdk;jzL&J@rdwfaqGu ajymygw,f? udkaZmfaX;wkd@tr_twGuf 'Dv 15 &uf rauG;+rdK@
w&m;±Hk; 'kwd,t}udrf±Hk;csdef;udk udkzkd;jzLudk,fwkdif oGm;vkd@r&awmhwJhtwGuf tr_e@J oufqdkifwhJ uGefjyLwmqkdif&m/
rSwfwrf;qkdif&moufaoawG xGufp&m&Sdaeao;wJhtwGuf uGefjyLwmu|rf;usifolwOD;udk oufaocHypPnf;awGeJ@
twl atmifvHtxd udkzkd;jzLuvkdufykd@+yD; tJ'Doufaotjyefukd atmifvH&Sdum;*dwfrSmapmihfaepOf tzrf;cH&wm
vkd@ &efukef/ atmifvHeJ@ rauG;&Sd ol@rdwfaqGawGu ajymygw,f?

rauG;wkdif; &JwyfzGJ@&J@trdef@t& atmifvHtxl;&Jowif;wyfzGJ@u udkzkd;jzLukd atmifvHutxGuf vkdif;um;ay:rSm

wif vufxdyfcwfzrf;qD;+yD; nwGif;csif; rauG;tcsKyfudk ydk@vdkufw,fvdk@od&+yD; rauG;+rdK@&JtcsKyfcef;xJrSm ppfaq;
cHae&wmjzpfzkd@rsm;w,fvdk@ 'Dtr_ta=umif;odaewJh rauG;eJ@ atmifvH a'ocHawGu ajymygw,f?

rauG;wkdif; ewfarmufa'ou v,f,majrawGudk tJ'Da'o&Sdppfwyfuavsmfa=u;ray;bJodrf;,lr_udkv,form;

awGu &efukef tdkift,fvftdk¶Hk;xHwkdif=um;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dvkdwkdif&mrSm yg0ifulnDwhJ udkaZmfaX;eJ@ wjcm; 3 OD;udk
tm%mydkifawGu zrf;qD;w&m;pGJygw,f? tm%mydkifawG&J@pGJqdkcsufawGudk acsyzkd@twGuf udkaZmfaX;&J@ rdom;pku
ukdzkd;jzLukd tusKd; aqmifa&S›aetjzpf wm0efay;tyfchJwmyg?

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‘o&D;'Dzef;’u jrefrmtef*sDtkd 8 ckukd &efyHkaiGaxmufay;tyf

o&D;'Dzef;(3D Fund)vkd@vlodrsm;wJh ‘a&m*g 3rs
3rsKd;wkdufzsufa&;&H
&;&HykHaiGtzGJ@’u jrefrmtef*sDtkd 8 ckukd yxrqkH;
t}udrftjzpf tar&duefa':vm 7 aomif;pD pDrHudef;aiG xkwfay;vkdufygw,f? &efukefrSm rae@uvkyfwJh pmc|ef
v$mvufrSwfxkd;+yD; ay;tyfvkdufwmjzpf+yD; xl;jcm;wJhwkd;wufr_ygyJvkd@ o&D;'Dzef;jyef=um;a&;t&m&dS Denise
Jeanmonod u ajymygw,f?

2007 ckeSpftwGif; txl;uGif;qif;avhvmcsuft& vlxktajccHvlr_a&;tzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@ ykdrkdyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf

Ekdif&if tusKd;ydk&Sdr,fqkdwmudkawG@&Sd&+yD; txl;ojzifh usef;rma&;0ef}uD;XmeeJ@ EkdifiHwum tef*sDtkdawG oGm;vmzkd@
cufcJwJh a'oawGtwGuf tckvkdtultnDay;tyfwmyJvkd@ Denise Jeanmonod u ajymygw,f?

“'g[m a'ocHtef*sDtkdtzGJpnf;awGudk yxrqkH;t}udrfay;tyfjcif;ygyJ? ath'fpf/ iSufzsm;/ wDbD a&m*gokH;rsKd;wkduf

zsufa&;twGuf usrwdk@&xm;wJh ig;ESpfpmpDrHudef; a':vmoef; 100 udk ykd+yD;xda&mufatmifoHk;pGJcsifvkd@yg? tck
csdefxdoHk;cJhwJh 41 oef;[m ukvor*vufatmufcHtzGJ@ 5 ckeJ@ EkdifiHwum tef*sDtkd 15 cktwGufyJ &Sdao;wJh
twGuf a'ocHtef*sDtkdawGudk tckvkdcJGa0ay;wmyg? txl;ojzifh iSufzsm;a&m*g[m oGm;vmzkd@rvG,fulwJh a0;
vHwJhaus;vufawGrSm tjzpfrsm;wma=umifh tJ'Da'oawGrSm xdxda&mufa&mufvkyfEdkifwhJ a'ocHtzG@J awGudk
&SmazG+yD; tckvkday;tyf&wmyg?”

o&D;'Dzef;&efyHkaiGudk pdwf0ifpm;wJh a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf; 60eD;yg;xJu yxrqifhtjzpf tck 8 zG@J udk a&G;cs,fay;tyf

vkduf+yD; wjcm;tzGJ@awGudkvnf; aemufykdif;rSmxyfay;oGm;Ekdifatmif pDpOfaew,fvkd@vnf; ajymygw,f? 'gayrJh
wcsKd@tzGJ@tpnf;awG[m usef;rma&;0ef}uD;XmerSm aq;zufqkdif&mtef*sDtkdtzJG@tjzpf rSwfykHwifrxm;wJhtwGuf
tcuftcJ&Sdae+yD; wcsKd@tzGJ@awGusawmh 'Da&m*gokH;rsKd; umuG,fwkdufzsufa&; aqmif&Gufr_eJ@ywfouf+yD; o&D;'D
zef;u owfrSwfxm;wJhpH r&ao;bl;vdk@ Denise Jeanmonod uajymygw,f?
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 2
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
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o&D;'Dzef;[m 2006 uae 2011txd 5 ESpftwGuf a':vm oef; 100 tultnD&xm;+yD; 'DESpftwGuaf ':vm
21 oef;cef@ oHk;pGJr,fvkd@qkdygw,f/ o&D;'Dzef;&J@ a':vmoef; 100 tvSL&SifawGuawmh +Adwdef (36 oef;)/ Oa&my
or*~(23 oef;)/ qGD'if(15 oef;)/ =opa=wvs (13 oef;)/ e,fomvef (7 oef;)eJ@ aemfa0; (7 oef;) wkd@ jzpfyg
w,f? tvSL&SifEkdifiHawG&J@ qkH;jzwfcsuftwkdif; aiGawGudkcef@cGJtoHk;csae+yD; jrefrmppftpdk;&bufua&m/ twkduf
tcHbufuyg o&D;'Dzef;vkyfief;awGudk v$rf;rkd;r_r&Sda=umif;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_udpPtwGuf oGm;vma&;
udpPawG t&ifxufykdvG,fulvma=umif; Denise Jeanmonod uajymyg w,f? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd tdyfcsftdkifAD/ath'fpf/
iSufzsm;/ wDbDpwJha0'em&SifawGudk &mE_ef;jynhfrulnDEdkifao;ygbl;vdk@ Denise Jeanmonod uajymygw,f?

“usrwkd@tzGJ@u 5ESpfpm oef;100 &xm;ayrJh ath'fpfa0'emonftwGuf ulnDEkdifwhJtajctae[m vdktyfcsuf

&J@ 37 &mckdifE_ef;wnf;yg? iSufzsm;twGufu 75 &mckdif;E_ef;/ wDbDtwGufuawmh 46 &mckdifE_ef;yJ ulnDEkdifygw,f?
tvSLaiGvkdaeqJjzpfvdk@ wjcm;EkdifiHawGvnf; vSL'gef;vmapvkdaa=umif;/ vufawG@aqmif&GufEkdifwJh vGwfvyfwJh
tajccHvl@tzGJ@tpnf; tef*sDtkdawGeJ@ t&Sdefjr‡ifhyl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;r,fvdk@ o&D;'Dzef;ajymcGifh&yk*d~Kvf Denise
Jeanmonod u ajym=um;ygw,f?

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‘±kd[if*sm’
sm’rsm;udk armif;xkwfonfhudpP ‘xkdif;’ujiif;qkd
jrefrmeJ@ b*Fvm;a'h&Sfbufu w&m;r0ifa&$@ajymif;vmwJh avSpD;'kuQonfawGudk xdkif;a&wyfu xdkif;a&ydkifeuf
xJuae yifv,fxJukd jyefarmif;xkwfw,fqkdwhJ pGyfpGJcsufawGtay: xdkif;ujiif; qdkvdkufa=umif; attufzfyD
owif;rSm azmfjyygw,f?

'DavSpD;'kuQonfawGudk urf;pyfrSmvJScscdkif;xm;jyD; olw@kd &J@vufawGudk }udK;wkyfxm;wJh "mwfyHkawGudk rD'D,mawG

rSmazmfjyxm;wJhtay: a&wyfajymcGifh& Captain Prachachart Sirisawatu jiif;qdkvdkufwmyg? xdkif;a&wyf[m
xdkif;ydkifeufxJudka&mufvmwJh jrefrmeJ@ b*Fvm;a'h&Sfu ±dk[if*smvlrsdK; 'kuQonfawGudk Kho Sai Daeng qdkwJh
u|ef;ay:rSm &uftawmf=umxm;+yD;aemuf tpma&pmenf;enf;yg;yg;ay;+yD; pufrygwJhavSwpif;eJ@ yifv,fxJudk
jyefar#mvdkufw,fvdk@ &cdkifvl@tcGifhta&;tzJG@wck&J@ajym=um;csuft& bDbDpDrSmygvmwJhowif;awGtay: xdkif;
a&wyfu jiif;qdkwmyg? b*Fvm;a'h&Sftajcpdkuf ukvm;wefowif;Xmeu olwdk@udk,fwdkif }udK;pm;pHkprf;&&dSxm;wJh
owif;awGt& +yD;cJhwJhEdk0ifbmrSm ±dk[if*smawGygvmwJh pufavStpD; 50cef@ weoFm&Dwkdif; aumhaomif;bufu
ae xGufvm+yD; e,fpyfwae&mrSm csxm;ay;cJhavh&Sdw,fvdk@ ukvm;wefowif;Xmeu OD;wifpdk;u ajymjyygw,f?

xkdif;tm%mykdifawGudk ta=umif;=um;&mrSm bmpufavSrSrawG@bl;vk@d ta=umif;jyefayr,hf avSpD;'kuQonfawG

udk vlola0;wJhae&m u|ef;awGrSm zrf;qD;xm;w,fqkdwmudk pHkprf;od&Sd&wmvkd@ OD;wifpdk;u ajymygw,f? ¶dk[if*sm
avSawGudk xdkif;a&wyfu zrf;qD;&rd&if u|ef;wu|ef;udkac:oGm;+yD; xdef;odrf;xm;w,fqkdwm xkdif;owif;axmuf
awGqDu od&Sd&w,fvkd@vnf; ajymjyygw,f? “olwdk@udk tpmweyfpmyJau|;=uw,f? usaemfwkd@odoavmufqdk
&if wcgwcgus&if rau|;bl;/ a&yJwdkufw,f? aevSef;xm;w,f/ ig;ajcmufvSrf;xm;wJh yHkpHrsKd;yJ wywfESpfywf
avmuf olwdk@pDrHudef;eJ@ olwdk@vkyf+yD;awmh tJh'DvlawGukd }udK;eJ@vufawGudk csnfxm;+yD;awmh pufavSawGay:rSm
wifw,f? a&ay;&if enf;enf;yJay;w,f/ tpmay;&if enf;enf;yJay;+yD;awmh tJh'DvlawGudk óud;qGJ+yD;awmh
yifv,fxJudkac:oGm;+yD;awmh v$wfvdkufwmyJ?”

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 3
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
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xdkif;awmifydkif; zefic±dkiftajcpdkuf ‘vlxkvl@tcGifhta&;ynmay;tzJ@G ’'g¶kdufwm OD;xl;cspfu ±dk[if*smavSpD;'kuQ
onfawGudk t&ifvdkqufoG,fulnDcGifhr&awmhbl;vkd@ ajymygw,f? “cgwdkif;qdk&if usaemfwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;taeeJ@
u ±dk[if*smzrf;rdw,fqdk&if vlom;csif;pmemwJh tultnDawGay;vd@k &w,f/ Oyrm/tpm;taomuf/ t0wf
txnfawG/ aq;0g;wdk@aygh? 'DESpf +yD;cJhwJhESpfywfavmufrSm xdkif;a&wyf&Ju ta=umif;=um;w,f/ wcgyJoGm;ulnD
zl;w,f tJh'D aemufydkif; usaemfwdk@udkvnf; rqufoG,fawmhbl;?”

Edk0ifbmvv,fup+yD;awmh tckxd avSaygif; 15pD;xufrenf; xdkif;uzrf;rd+yD; yifv,fxJjyefar#mvkdufw,f qkd

wJhowif; =um;odxm;&w,fvkd@ OD;xl;cspfuajymygw,f? ±dk[if*smawG ckvkd 'kuQa&mufae&wJh ta=umif;&if;[m
jrefrm etzppftpdk;&&J@ zdpD;ESdyfpufr_yJvkd@ OD;xl;cspfu ajymygw,f?

“&[ef;oHCmawmifrSyJ 'Davmufxd ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;aewJhtpdk;&taeeJ@ 'DvdkrsKd;bmomrwlwhJ vlrsKd;uGJwhJvlawG

u ydkqdk;wmayghAsm? olwdk@e,fajrwGif;rSmvnf; olw@kd taeeJ@ c&D;awG vGwfvyfoGm;vdk@r&bl;/ tpdk;&vkyfwJh zGH@òzd;
a&;vkyfief;awG/ ppfwyfwdk;csJ@wmawG olwdk@vkyftm;ay;awG cH&w,f/ olwdk@bkd;pOfabmifqufykdifwhJ ajr,mawG
odrf;cHxdw,f/ 'ga=umifholwdk@vHk;0udk aevdk@r&bl; rxl;awmhbl; [dkrSmaewJhtwlwl aocsifvnf;aoqdk+yD;awmh
xGufvm=uwm?”

vGefcJhwJh'DZifbmrwdkifcifuawmh avSpD;¶dk[if*smawGukd xdkif;tpdk;uzrf;rd&if jrefrme,fpyfudk jyefydk@wmawG&dScJhay

r,hf 90 &mcdkifE_ef;avmufuawmh ol@tqufoG,feJ@ol rav;&Sm;bufudk a&mufatmifoGm;EdkifcJhw,fvdk@ od&yg
w,f? ¶dk[if*smawG pufrJhavSxJrSm yifv,fxJ tpma&pmjywf avSysufarsm+yD; tif'dkeD;&Sm;u|ef;pkwckrSm arsm
wifwJh tjzpfqdk; }uHKawG@cJh&+yD;aemuf ¶dk[if*smtay: EdkifiHwum'kuQonf pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;eJ@tnD jyrlaqmif
&Gufay;zdk@ tdwfzGifhay;pmwpfapmif xdkif;tajcpdkuf a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;eJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;tzJG@awG pkaygif;+yD;
wevFmae@rSm ay;ydk@awmhrSmyg?

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16 Zefe0g&D 2009
npfnrf;oDcsif;rsm; ysH@ESH@ae - qkdif&mu ta&;r,lao;
&efukeftygt0if jrefrmEdkifiH+rdK@tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm npfnpfnrf;nrf;oDqdkxm;wJh [pfa[mhoDcsif;"mwfjym;awG
xGufaeygw,f? b,foloDqdkovJqdkwmrod&wJh tJ'DoDcsif;awGrSm vdifydkif;qdkif&mnpfnrf;pmom;awG yg0ifae
+yD; ckd;ul;aps;uGufrSm tvG,fwul&aewmygv@dk &efukefu vli,f[pfa[mhy&dowf owfwOD;u ajymygw,f?

“tJh'DoDcsif;acGawGu ae&mtESH@rSm&Sdw,fAs/ txl;ojzifhawmh vrf;ab; aumfyDqdkifawGrSmydk&w,f/ tukefvHk;eD;

yg;avmuf&ygw,f? trfyDo&D;wkd@/ trfyDzdk;wdk@/ aemuf+yD; zkef;awG bmawGxJrSmxnfhay;w,f? usaemfhtaeeJ@ 'D
oDcsif;udk em;axmif&wm&Sufw,fAs? usaemfwdk@ Arm,Ofaus;r_rSm tJh'grsKd;ur&Sdbl;av? 'DvdkrsKd; rdkuf±dkif; ±dkif;pdkif;
wJh tðytrlrsKd;udk 'DvdkrsKd;vkyfvdkufwm[m/ udk,hfvlrsKd;udkukd,f apmfum;ovdkjzpfw,f/ udk,fhoduQmukd,fvnf;
udk,fcsw,f/ aemuf+yD;awmh udk,fxifwmazmfjywJhyHkpHrsKd;jzpfw,fvdk@ usaemfuawmh,lqw,f/ usaemfuawmh
'DoDcsif;udk em;raxmif&Jbl;As/ t&rf;&Sufp&maumif;w,f?”

'DoDcsif;awGudk em;axmif=unhfwJhtcg pwl'D,kdaumif;aumif;rSm aoaojcmjcm wD;cwftoHoGif;xm;ykHrsKd; toH

t&nftaoG;aumif;wm awG@&w,fvdk@vnf;ajymygw,f? 'DvdkoDcsif;rsKd;awG urBmrSmvnf;&Sdae+yD; tck ysH@ae
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 4
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
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w,fqkdwJh oDcsif;awGudk =unhf&wmawmh emrnfausmf 0g&ifh*Dworm;awG&J@vuf&mr[kwfbl;vkd@ aw;a&;q&m/
tqkdawmf aqmif;OD;vd_ifu oHk;oyfygw,f?

“Underground ac:&rSmayghAsm EdkifiHwumrSmvnf; UndergroundyJac:w,fav? vufodyfxdk;+yD; wa,mufeJ@

wa,muful;=u/ trfyDo&D;eJ@ul;=ubmnmqdkawmh b,fol awGvnf;vdk@awmh usaemfw@kd ajymzd@k cufygw,f?
“emrnfausmf orBm&ifhawGxJuawmh r[kwfbl;cifAs? olwdk@i,f&G,fvGef;awmh 'DvdkoDcsif;awG/ 'DvdkuwmawG/
[efyefawGu tqifajyayr,fh olwdk@ &ifhusufwJhtEkynm&SifjzpfvmwJhwae@rSm aemiftem*wf wae@rSmawmh
&Sufp&mordkif;a=umif;awGtjzpfusefcJhrSmaygh?”

[pfa[mh*DwrSm EdkifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;eJ@ywfoufv@kd yJjzpfjzpf/ tpdk;&udkqef@usifhwmyJjzpfjzpf ajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_tae

eJ@ trsKd;rsKd;vkyfvdk@&w,fqdkayr,fh vdifr_udpPeJ@ yk*~dKvfa&;qdkif&m cHpm;csufawGudk OD;pm;ay;+yD; ajratmufv_yf&Sm;
r_wckvdk oDqdkaewmrsKd;uawmh [pfa[mh,Ofaus;r_ukdygxdcdkufapw,fvdk@ [pfa[mhtqdkawmfwOD;uqdkygw,f?
‘jrefrmEdkifiH*Dwtpnf;t¶Hk;’OuUÏ OD;armifarmifvwfu 'Dnpfnrf;aw;oDcsif;awGeJ@ywfoufvkd@ ar;jref;&mrSm
ta&;,lzdk‹ jyifqifae+yDvdk‹ ajymygw,f?

“'Dcdk;ul;npfnrf;acGwifr[kwfygbl; w&m;r0ifckd;ul;acGrSefor# 'DOpPmawGudk oufqdkif&m0ef}uD;XmeawGeJ@ usaemf

wdk@ wifjy+yD;aqmuf&Gufaeygw,f? usaemfwkd@tydkif;u vrf;!ïefr_eJ@tnD wwfEdkifoavmuf aqmif&Gufae+yDjzpf
ygw,f?” 'Dnpfnrf;acGawG[m tvsiftjrefysHESH@ae+yD; q,fausmfoufawGomru pum;ajymwwfp uav;
awGawmif 'Dnpfnrf;acGtxJuoDcsif;awG tvGwfvdkufqdkae=u+yDjzpfvdk@ rdbawG pdwfqif;&Jae=u&wma=umifh
tm%mydkifawGu xdxda&mufa&mufudkifwG,foifhw,fvdk‹ &efukef+rdK@u rdbwOD;u ajymygw,f?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aejynfawmfteD; vkd%facgif;wl;&mY '%frcHEdkifolrsm; xGufajy;

aejynfawmfeJ@&Srf;jynfe,f yifavmif; +rdK@=um;rSm Orifvdk%facgif;wl;ae+yD; tJ'DrSmtvkyform;awGudk vctjynfh
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ajymyg w,f?

vufeufpuf¶kHwnfzdk@ vkyfaewmvd@k =um;od&wJh tJ'D

&Srf;±dk;ra'orSm ppfwyfu vkH+cKHa&; wif;wif;usyfusyfcs
xm;w,fvkd@ tJ'Dtvkyform;u ajymygw,f?
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aygufaygh tJh'gu rdef;ayguf}uD;aygh txJxJrSmvnf;
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vl 50 avmufygwJh tvkyform;tzG@J 5 zGJ@avmuf&Sd+yD;

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___________________________________________________________________
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udk&D;,m;vlrsKd;awGukd av;ig;&ufwcgawG@&w,fvkd@ tJ'D tvkyform;u ajymygw,f? “trsm;pkuawmh
vufeufpuf±Hkvdk@ajymw,f/ ajrmufudk;&D;,m; ynm&SifawG ac: ac:+yD;awmh tJ'DrSmyl;aygif;+yD;awmhvkyfaewmaygh/
olwdk@ vHkòcHa&;awmfawmf,lxm;w,f/ ysOf;rem;bufuaewuf &ifawmh ppfwyf*dwf 5 *dwfavmuf&dSw,f?
[dkbufawGrSmusawmhvnf; awmifawGwdkif;rSm ppfwyfcsxm;w,f? awmifxdyftukefvHk;rSm
av,mOfypftajrmufawGwifxm;w,f/ &Srf;jynfe,ftxGufrSmvnf; *dwfawGtxyf xyfaygh?”

vpm usyfoHk;aomif;ay;r,fvkd@ajymcJhwJh uefx±kdufu tvkyform;awG&J@ EkdifiHom;rSwfyHkwifuwfawGukd odrf;

xm;+yD; vkyftm;crSefrSefray;wm vGefcJhwJhEdk0ifbmvpmukd ckxdr&ao;bl;vkd@ ajymygw,f? vpmykdufqHray;bJ
zGifhxm;wJhqdkifrSm pm&if;zGifh+yD; xrif;pm;apw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? “ydkufqHay;xm;&if olwdk@ cdk;cdk;+yD;jyefrSmpdk;vd@k ? 'g
awmif ckd;+yD;jyefoGm;wJh tzGJ@awGtrsm;}uD;yJ/ 'Dtvkyf'%fudkvnf; rcHEdkifwm&,f/ olwdk@[dkrSm tvkyform;awG
aeraumif;&ifvnf; tvkyfudkqif;ae&wmaygh? nbuf tdkwDuvnf; rqif;csifvnf;r&bl;/ twif;qif;cdkif;
w,f?”

ppfwyfaq;cef;uvnf; trnfcHom&Sd+yD; vkyfief;cGiftEW&m,f umuG,fa&; tpDtpOfvnf;r&Sdbl;vk@d ajymygw,f?

“vdk%f*lwl;ae&if; ajr}uD;awGòydwmawG ausmufcJawGusvmw,f? OD;xkyfvnf; ray;bl;/ vkd%f*lxJrSm a&awG
bmawG&Sdw,f/ pD;zdk@zdeyfvnf; ray;bl;/ 'DxJrSm '%f&m&wmawG awmfawmfrsm;w,f/ ausmufwkH;ðywfuswm/
[dkxJrSm ,rf;aiG@awGbmawGeJ@ ESmacgif;pnf;awGbmawG r&awmh/ a&m*gjzpfwhJolawGvnf; awmfawmfrsm;ae
w,f?”

rkdif;qif&if; v#yfppf"mwf}udK;a&Smhjzpf+yD; vkd%fxJuae jyefrxGufEkdifcif aygufuJGvdk@ tvkyform; 2 OD;aoqHk;zl;wJh

owif;udkvnf; tvkyfcGifrSm =um;od&a=umif; ajymygw,f? “tvkyform;awGu awmfawmfav;udka=umufae
+yD? 'DOpPm tcef@roifh jyefòydusvdk@ tJ'gvnf; r&bl;cifAs/ òyduswhJae&mudk twif;0ifvkyfay;&w,f?”

'Dvdktajctaea=umifh tyfxm;wJh rSwfyHkwifudktqHk;cH+yD; t0wfwxnfukd,fwckeJ@ xGufajy;olawG&Sdw,fvkd@

ajymygw,f?

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15 Zefe0g&D 2009

ppftpkd;&pDrHonhf a&G;aumufyGJudk pdk;&drfonf[k pydeftrwf ajym=um;

ukvor*~u jrefrmvlxkudk ‘vspfvsL¶_’[k bm;rm;urfydef; 'g¶kdufwm jypfwifa0zef
jrefrmppftpdk;& OD;pD;wJh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf pkd;&drfylyefw,fvkd‹ pydefEkdifiH v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,f Dr.
Raul Romeva i Rueda (a'gufwm&mtl; ¶kdrDAm tD ¶l'g)u ajym=um;ygw,f?

‘vGwfvyfaom Oa&myv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;r[mrdwftzG@J ’ tzGJ‹0ifvnf;jzpfwJh a'gufwm&mtl;[m

‘bm;rm;urfydef;-,lau’u’tzGJ‹ 'g&dkufwm Mark Farmaner(rmhcf zrfrefem)eJ‹twl jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk
awG/ wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkawGeJ‹ xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfrSm rae‹uawG‹qkH+yD;wJhaemuf 'DADGbDuar;jref;pOf 'Dvdk
ajym=um;wmyg?

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rnf?” 6
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ppftpdk;&[m 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk 'Drkdua&pDenf;rSefvrf;rSeftwdkif;vkyfrSmr[kwfbl;vdk@ =um;odxm;wm
a=umifh pdk;&drfwmvkd@ a'gufwm&mtl;u ajymygw,f? “wu,fh ppfrSefwJha&G;aumufyGJawG vdkcsifw,fqdk&if 'Da&G;
aumufyGJrSm vlwdkif;udk wef;wltcGifhta&;awGe@J a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufzdk@/ rJay;zdk@ yg0ifcGifhjyKzdk@vdkw,f?”

vlwdkif;twGuf vGwfvyf+yD; vrf;zGifhxm;wJh a&G;aumufyJG jzpfay:wJhumvwkdifatmif 'Drdkua&pDa&;awmif;qdkol

awGudk axmufcHoGm;r,fvdk@vnf; a'gufwm&mtl;u ajymygw,f? “yGifhvif;wJh 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH jzpfvmatmif
ppftpdk;&&J@ oabmxm;ajymif;vJypfzdk@ usaemfwdk@&J@tpdk;&awGudk awmif;qdkaerSmyg?”

pydeftrwfeJ‹ bm;rm;urfydef;,lau 'g±dkufwmwkd@[m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;aumifpD/ trsKd;om; 'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr)/ u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH; pwJhtzGJ‹awGeJ‹vnf; oD;jcm;pD vdkufvHawG‹qHk
ygw,f? bm;rm;urfydef;,lau 'g&dkufwmrpPwmrmh rmhcf zrfrefemuawmh
m jrefrmppftpkd;&tay: ukvor*~uta&;
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ta&;qdk&r,hftpm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awG pdwftaESmifht,SufjzpfrSmudk tpkd;&drfvGefaeyHkygyJ? tckawmh txl;ukd,fpm;
vS,fawGvnf; oGm;zkd@tpDtpOfr&Sd/ twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfuvnf; oGm;zdk@tpDtpOfr&Sdqkdawmh ukvor*~ uawmh
‘vufav#mhyg+yD/ apmifhyJ=unhfawmhr,f/ vkyf&udkif&odyfcufw,f/ }udK;pm;raeawmhbl;’ qkdwmrsKd; ajymr,fhyHkyJ?”

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ukd,fwkdifukd,f=uyf aqmif&Gufapcsifw,fvdk@vnf; rpPwm zrfrefemu ajymygw,f? “tckawmh olu ‘ppftpdk;&
bufu tajymif;tvJwcsKd@ rvkyfrcsif; jrefrmjynfudk roGm;ao;bl;/ ppftpkd;&ukdk,fE_dufu jyKjyifajymif;vJvdkwJh
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awmh jrefrmjynfolawGudk vspfvsL±_wmygyJ? 'g[m &Sufp&maumif;wJh tjzpfqkd;yJ?”

“urBmhjynfolawGu jrefrmjynfta&;udk tav;xm;±Hkwifruygbl;/ trsufxGufae=uyg+yD? urBmhEkdifiHtawmf

rsm;rsm;u odyfudkpdwfysufae=u+yDqkdwm usaemfwkd@odygw,f? “ausmrSDxkdif+yD; apmifh=unfhae¶HkeJ@awmh rvHk
avmufao;bl;vkd@ usaemfxifygw,f? jrefrmjynfolawG[m tvGeftrif; cHpm;ae&yg+yD/tcsdefodyfvifhvGef;aeyg
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16 Zefe0g&D 2009

  
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acwf+ydKif*sme,f
14 Zefe0g&D 2009

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rnf?” 15
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
u aq;bufqkdif&m usifh0wfcsKd;azmufr_awG vkyfchJv@dk vm;qkd+yD; txifcH&wmawG&Sdw,f? olrsm;EkdifiHu q&m0ef
awG xGufajy;w,fqkdwmu 'grsKd;awGa=umifhqkdayr,fh jrefrmEkdfifiHuq&m0efawG xGufukef=uwmu tvkyfvkyf
vkd@r&vkd@yg? wu,fqkd usaemfwkd@vnf; ukd,fhEkdifiHtwGufvkyfchJ=uwmygyJ? usaemfqkd&if vpmckESpfaxmifhig;&m
up+yD; vkyfcJhwmayghaemf? 'gayr,fholwkd@tvkyf qufrvkyfwJhtcgusawmh wu,fh&efol}uD;vkd tqufqHcH=u&
wmyg” [k txufygyk*~Kdvfu qkdonf?

,if;uJhokd@ q&m0efrsm;tvkyfrSxGufcGmr_rSm aq;odyH̀ynmOD;pD;XmetwGif;trsm;qkH;jzpfyGm;ae+yD; usef;rma&;

OD;pD;XmerS q&m0efrsm;vnf; 2008 ckESpftwGif; tvkyfxGufcGmr_rsm;&SdcJha=umif;od&onf? +yD;cJhonfh 2008 ckESpf
=o*kwfvtwGif; odyH̀ESifhenf;ynm0ef}uD;Xmeu tvkyfrSxGufcGmoGm;aom yg&*lbGJ@& q&m/ q&mr (23)OD;tm;
‚if;wkd@ykdif0ufbfqkdufrSxkwfjyefum avsmfa=u;aiGawmif;cHcJha=umif; acwf+ydKifuazmfjycJhonf? avsmfa=u;aiG
awmif;cHr_wGif oufqkdif&mbGJ@rsm;tvkduf jrefrmaiG (5)odef;rS (34)odef;txd yg0ifonf?

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16 Zefe0g&D 2009

rufpfjrefrm ‘OD;aZmfaZmf’ESifh '*kH ‘OD;0if;atmif’ukd

tar&dueftpdk;&u pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwf
jrefrmppftpdk;&tm; aiGa=u;yHhydk;ay;aeonfh jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifESpfOD;jzpfonfh ‘Max Myanmar ukr`%D
tkyfpk’ykdif&Sif OD;aZmfaZmf
ZmESifh ‘'*k
'*kHtifwmae&Sife,f ukr`%Dtkyfpk’ykdif&Sif OD;0if;atmifwkd@tm; pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwf
xm;olrsm;pm&if; (Specially Designated Nationals)wGif xnfhoGif;a=umif; tar&duefb¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme
‘EkdifiHjcm;ykdifqkdifr_ xdef;csKyfa&;¶kH;tzGJŒ’Y a=unmvkdufonf?

rufpfjrefrm OD;aZmfaZmfonf jrefrmppftpdk;&tm; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;

rsm;jzifh t"duyHhykd;ay;cJholjzpf+yD; '*kH OD;0if;atmifonf ppftpdk;&tm; aiG
a=u;tajrmuftjrm;vª'gef;cJhonfhjyif aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh ppf
tpdk;&tm; ulnDcJholjzpfonf[kvnf; a=unmcsufY azmfjyxm;onf?

rufpfjrefrm OD;aZmfaZmf

rufpfjrefrm OD;aZmfaZmfESifh '*kH OD;0if;atmifwkd@tm; pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwf&mY

rufpfjrefrm OD;aZmfaZmfykdif ‘Max Singapore International Pte. Ltd’
tygt0if ukr`%D(8)ckESifh '*kH OD;0if;atmifykdif ‘Dagon International
Limited ESifh Dagon Timber Limited’ ukr`%D (2) ckwdk@yg0ifonf?

“jrefrmppftpdk;&taeeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDa&; twkduftcHrsm;tay: qufvufzdESdyfaeorSs 'Dppftpdk;&tay: jyif;xefwJh

'%fcwfr_awG csrSwfzdk@vkdw,fqkdwm tar&dueftpdk;&eJ@ uGef*&ufu &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odxm;+yD;jzpfygw,f? xif
&Sm;wJh 'Drdkua&pDa&;axmufcHolawGukd ppftpdk;&uaxmifcswm[m EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0ef;&JΠtav;xm;ajym
qdkcsufawG rvkdufemcsifbl;qkdwmtwnfjyKvkdufovkd urBmay:&Sd tqkd;qkH; vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufwhJ EkdifiHawG
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 16
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
xJu wckjzpfwJh jrefrmppftpdk;&tay: quf+yD;zdtm;ay;xm;zkd@vkdw,fqkdwm jyo&mvnf; a&mufygw,f” [k
EkdifiHjcm;ykdifqkdifr_ xdef;csKyfa&;¶kH; !$ef=um;a&;rª; Adam J. Szubin u ajymonf?

rufpfjrefrm OD;aZmfaZmfESifh '*kH OD;0if;atmifwkd@tm; pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfxm;olrsm; pm&if;oGif;&jcif;onf 2008

ckESpfujyÏmef;cJhonfh (uG,fvGefol)tar&duef txufv$wfawmftrwf wGefvrf;awmhpf. jrefrmausmufrsuf
Oya't& ta&;,laqmif&GufcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k tar&duef b¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xmea=unmcsufY azmfjyxm;onf?

pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfxm;olrsm;pm&if;wGif ppftpdk;&ESihfeD;pyfonfh vkyfief;&Sif OD;awZyk

awZ dif ‘ ESPACE AVENIR
EXECUTIVE SERVICED APARTMENT ’ukr`%DESifh bdef;bk&ifavmf
avmfppf[ef.acsG;r pifumylEkdifiHol qpf
qvDtef;ykdif pifumylEkdfifiHrSukr`%D (10)ckukdvnf; pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfxm;olrsm; pm&if;oGif;xm;onf?

pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfxm;olrsm; (Specially Designated Nationals)qkdonfrSm tar&duefEkdifiHom;rsm;ESifh tar

&duefEkdifiHwGif t+rJwrf;aecGihf&olrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;rvkyf&ef emrnfysufpm&if;oGif; wm;jrpfjcif;cH&onfh vlyk*d~Kvf
rsm;/ tzGJŒtpnf;rsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf[k tar&dueftpdk;&ut"dy`m,fzGifhxm;onf?

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tar&duef'%fcwfr_ukd ra0zefvkd[k

rufpfjrefrmukr`%Dykdif&Sifajym
rdrdvlrsdK;aumif;atmifvkyfukdifaejcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf ruffpfjrefrmukr`%Dtm; tar&duefb¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme
u pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfonfhudpPtay: a0zefr_rvkyfvkda=umif; rufpfjrefrmukr`%Dydkif&Sif OD;aZmfaZmfu acwf+ydKifodk@
ajymonf?

jrefrmppftpdk;&tm; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh yHhydk;ay;cJhonfh rufpfjrefrmukr`%Dykdif&Sif OD;aZmfaZmfESifhwuG

‚if;ykdif rufpfjrefrmukr`%D(8)cktm; pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfxm;olrsm;pm&if;(Specially Designated Nationals)wGif
xnfhoGif;a=umif; tar&duef b¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme EkdifiHjcm;ykdifqdkifr_ xdef;csKyfa&;¶kH;tzGJŒwGif a=unmxm;onf?

,ckuJhokd@ ‘tar&dueftpkd;&. pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfr_tay: rnfuhJodk@ oabmxm;ygoenf;’[k acwf+ydKifu ar;

jref;&m rufpfjrefrmukr`%DrS OD;aZmfaZmfu“oabmuawmh bmrSr&Sdygbl;? usaemf ukd,hfwdkif;jynfudk cspfwmyJ?
ukd,hfvlr_a&;udpPukdyJvkyfw,f? ormtmZD0vkyfw,f? ukd,fhvlrsKd;awG aumif;atmif}udK;pm;w,f? olrsm;eJ@ ywf
oufvkd@awmh bmrSrajymvkdygbl;? olwkd@vnf; olwkd@tvkyfvkyfwmyJ? usaemfh&ifxJuawmh usaemfwkd@wkdif;jynf
twGuf usaemf abmvkH;(OuUÏ)vkyfw,f? vlr_a&;vkyfw,f? uav;awG pmoifay;w,f?0efxrf;okH;axmif
ausmf ae@pOfxrif;pm;zkd@usaemf}udK;pm;aew,f? ukd,fhvlrsdK;ukd cspfw,fAsm? 'DcH,lcsufyJ&dSw,f? usefwmu olwkd@
bmvkyfvkyf usaemfrajymvkdygbl;? 'geJ@ywfoufvdk@ usaemfh pdwfxJrSmbmrSr&dSygbl;” [k ajymonf?

'%fcwfr_rsm;a=umifh ukr`%Dtaejzifh rnfuJhokd@aomxdckdufr_rsm;&Sdvmrnf[k arSSsmfrSef;xm;ygovJ[k qufvuf

ar;jref;&m “'guawmh usaemfwkd@u trsm;}uD;}udK+yD; arSsmfrSef;xm;wmr&Sdygbl;? usaemfwkd@u vnf;²²[kd²²trsm;
}uD;awmh²² bmrS}udK+yD;awmh wGufrxm;ygbl;cifAs” [k rufpfjrefrmukr`%D. t}uD;tuJ&mxl;ukd &,lxm;ol
‚if;u ukr`%D.a&SŒa&;tvm;tvmukd wGufqrxm;rda=umif; ajymonf?
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 17
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
rufpfjrefrm OFD;aZmfaZmfonf jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifydkif;tay: aiGa=u;t&Sdeft0g =oZm&Sdonfhta=umif; jynfwGif;
owif;axmufwOD;uajym&mwGif “olppftpkd;&eJ@ ywfoufr_twkdif;twm b,favmufxd&Sdw,fqkdwm twd
tusrod&ayr,fh AkdvfcsKyf}uD;awGukd olvdk&mawmif;Ekdifw,f? xJxJ0if0if ywfoufr_&SdEkdifw,fqkdwmukdawmh
2007 ckESpftwGif; jrefrmtrsKd;orD;toif;AkdvfpGJwkef;u AkdvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$qDtxd wkduf¶dkufzkef;quf+yD;
ta=umif;=um;w,f? aemuf wjcm;wkdif;rª;awG/ 0ef}uD;awGqDudkvnf;zkef;quf+yD; aumifrav;awGukd qkcsygqkd
+yD;ajymawmh tm;vkH;u olwkd@awmh b,favmufqkcsygr,fhqdk+yD; ol@qDukd csufcsif;ta=umif;jyef=u&wmuawmh
usaemfwkd@ jrifawG@=um;odcJh&wmawGaygh” [k ajymjyonf?

jrefrmEkdifiHtay: tar&duefu
pD;yGm;a&;'%fcw&mwGif ykHpH
trsdK;trsdK;&Sdonf? Oyrm tar
&duefvkyfief;&Sifrsm;tm; jrefrm
EkdifiHwGif&if;ESD;jrêKyfESHr_topf
rvkyf&efwm;jrpfonfh'%fcwfr_
(Sanctions for new invest-
ment)/ ppftpdk;&ykdifvkyfief;rsm;
ukd ypfrSwfxm;onfh aiGa=u;qkdif
&m'%fcwfr_(Financial Sanc-
tions)/ 2008ckESpfrSm xyfrH jy
Ïmef;onfh jrefrmausmufrsuf
&wemrsm; tar&duefodk@wif
oGif;cGifh ydwfyifonfh'%fcwfr_
(Block Burma Jade Act)/
jrefrmppftpkd;&tm; axmufyHh
ay;aeonfh jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; (Oyrm bdef;bk&if avmf ppf[efESifhom; pwDAifavm/
vm OD;awZponf
awZ )
tm; tar&duefEkdifiHom;rsm;/ tar&duefvkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESihf rqufqH&rnfholrsm;tjzpf emrnfysufpm&if;oGif;
onfhenf; pojzifhtrsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf?

1997 ck arv (20) &ufrSpwifI tar&duefEdkifiHom;rsm;/ tar&duefvkyfief;&Sifrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif &if;ESD;jrêKyfESH

r_topf rvkyf&efwm;jrpfonf '%fcwfr_udkpwifonf? tar&duef orRwbk&Sfonf vuf&dS jrefrmEdkifiHukd pD;yGm;
a&;ydwfqdk@r_rsm;tm; wdk;csJŒxm;onfh 2003ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDOya'udk 2003 ckESpf Zlvdkif
v (28) &ufae@Y vufrSwf a&;xdk;cJhonf?

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd 'Drdkua&pDenf;usus a&G;aumufwifajrêmufxm;aom tpdk;&taejzifh tajctaet&yf&yftay:

wGif aqmif&Gufr_rsm; jynfhpHkaeyg+yD[k arwWm&yfcHvmcJhvSsif xdkydwfqdk@r_ Oya'jyÏmef;csufrsm;udk tar&dueforRw
taejzifh ¶kyfodrf;Edkifonf?

aqmif&Gufr_rsm;xJwGif vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;tqHk;owfapa&;twGuf etzu jynfhjynfhpkHpkH vHkvkH

avmufavmuf aqmif&Gufjcif;/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;v$wfay;+yD; 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&jzpfatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;/
t&yfom;tpkd;&tm; tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;&eftwGuf 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh oabmwlnDr_w&yf&,ljcif;/

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 18
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
EdkifiHwumrl;,pfaq;0g;wefjyefESdrfeif;r_ oabmwlnDcsufygtcsufrsm;udk vkdufem&efysufuGufcJhonfh EdkifiHpm&if;
rS y,fzsufjcif; ponfwdk@yg0ifonf?

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19 Zefe0g&D 2009

‘a*smuf*suf’0efcHuwdxkd;& qifqmrJhacGESifh rywfouf[k ajym

Weekly Eleven *sme,fu a&;om;onfhowif;a=umifh [pfa[mhtqkd&Sif a*smuf*suftm; pmaypdppfa&;ESifh
jrefrmEkdifiH *Dwtpnf;t¶kH;uac:,lI cH0efuwdvufrSwfxkd;ckdif;a=umif; [pfa[mhowif;&yfuGufu od&onf?

+yD;cJhonfh Zefe0g&D (15)&uf aps;uGufwGif;jzef@csdcJhaom tqkdyg*sme,fwGif

‘jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_tpOftvmESifh vlae r_pepftm;xdckdufEkdifaom qif
qmrJhjrefrmoDcsif; npfnrf;acGrsm; odef;eJ@csDxdysHŒESH@vsuf&Sd/ emrnf&
vli,ftqkdawmftcsKdŒESifh wD;0kdif;tcsKdŒywfoufr_&Sd/ zefwD;ol xkwfvkyf
ol/ jzef@csdolESifh vuf0,fxm;&Sdol rnfolrqkd qifqmOya'/ npfnrf;
Oya'ESifh ta&;,lcH&Ekdif’ acgif;pOfjzifha&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?

,if;jzpf&yfESifhywfoufI um,uH&Sifa*s
a*smuf*suftm; qufoG,far;jref;
&m 0efcHuwdxkd;&onfrSm [kwfrSefa=umif;/ okd@aomf tqkdygowif;wGif
ygaom ‚if;.oDcsif;rsm;tm; tacGtjzpfxkwfIa&mif;csolrSm rdrdeJ@
rywfoufa=umif;/ avmavmq,f oDcsif;acGxkwfjcif;ukd &yfxm;&
a=umif;ajymonf?

pmaypdppfa&;. 0efxrf;wOD;u “usrwkd@ pmaypdppfa&;¶kH;uawmh a*smuf*sufeJ@ywfoufwJh tifwmAsL;/ owif;/

aqmif;yg;awGukd &yfqkdif;xm;zkd@ !$ef=um;xm;w,f” [k qkdonf?

[pfa[mh ESpfoufol vli,fwOD;u “a0zefa&;vkyfw,fqkdwm a0zefr,fh Subjectukd em;vnfrS a0zefoifhw,f?

EkdifiHwumrSm [pfa[mhawG&JŒoDqkdr_[m rauseyfwmawG/ pdwfxJ&dSwmawGukd aygufuJGwmyJ? tmz&duu
vlrnf;awGqDuwqifh 'D [pfa[mh*DwqkdwmpD;0ifvmcJhwm vlom;awG=um;ukd/ 'g awmfvSefa&;*DwyJ? a*smuf
*sufoDqkdwJh [pfa[mhrSm npfnrf;wmygw,f/ [kwfw,f/ 'g ol@tokdif;t0ef;eJ@eD;pyfwJh t&mawGxJu ol&xm;
wJh tawGŒt}uHKyJ? bmyJjzpfjzpf 'DvkdoDqkdr_awGudk a*smuf*suf waumifwnf;qkdwmr[kwfbl;? jrefrm
UndergroundoDqkdcJholawG/ ck emrnf&aewJh aumifawGvnf;vkyfchJw,f? a*smuf*sufu tckrS tqkdawmf
awmif rjzpfao;bl;Asm/ 'Daumifhwa,mufwnf;ukd ypfrSwfxm;ovkdjzpfaewJhtwGufawmh usaemf pdwfr
aumif;bl;” [k ajymonf? [pfa[mh aw;oH&Sifrsm;pGm&Sdonfhteuf a*smuf*suftm; vli,ftrsm; ESpfouf=u
a=umif;/ [pfa[mhESpfoufonfh vli,frsm;. ajymqkdr_ukd ukd;um;Iod&onf?

a*smuf*sufonf [pfa[mhavmuxJokd@ 2004 ckESpfupwifa&muf&Sdvmum UndergroundtacGrsm; a0+yD;csdef

rSpI emrnf&vm+yD; VIPtzGJŒwGif Ah.Boy/ xdef0if;/ ausmfxGÉfaqGwkd@eJ@twl oDqkdolwOD;jzpfonf?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 19
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
a*smuf*suf.trnf&if;rSm Zifrif;vGifjzpf+yD; touf (22)ESpfcef@om&Sdum w¶kwf-Arm ujym;jzpfonf? &efukef
Akdvfwaxmif+rdKŒe,fwGif aexdkifoljzpfonf[k ¶kyf&SiftjrKawr*~Zif;t&od&onf?

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tpdk;&‘
&‘Aefwkd’ tcrJhyGJ =unfholenf;
tm;upm;0ef}uD;Xme jrefrmEkdifiHokdif;tzGJŒcsKyfu }uD;rª;usif;yaom 'kwd,t}udrf jrefrmokdif;ynmpOf jyyGJESifh
wwd,t}udrf Aefwkd(twkduf)+ydKifyGJ/ Aefwkd(txl;) pdefac:yGJukd r=umcifu trsKd;om;tm;upm; +ydKifyJG¶Hk (1)
ok0ÀwGif tcrJhyGJtjzpfusif;ycJhaomfvnf; =unfh¶_olenf;yg;onf[k pkHprf;od&onf? tqkdygyGJukd tpkd;& OD;pD;
onfhtwGuf r=unfhvkda=umif; &efukef+rdKŒcHrsm;uajymonf?

“xl;qef;wJhjyuGuf (90)ausmf jyr,fvkd@ owif;pmrSmawGŒvkdufw,f? 'gayr,fh r=unfhcsifbl;? jyowJh vlawG&JŒ

pGrf;tm;ukdawmh av;pm;ygw,f” [k ok0Àòrd@e,ftwGif; aexkdifolwOD;u ajymonf? tqkdygyGJonf tcrJhjzpf
omfvnf; vma&muf=unfh¶_onfh jynfolenf;yg;a=umif; tqkdygyGJudk oGm;a&muf=unfh¶_cJholwOD;u ajymonf?

“olwkd@qDukd vm=unfhwJhvlr&Sdbl;? vm=unfhwJhvlawGu tm;u

pm;0ef}uD;Xmeatmufu0efxrf;awG rvmrae&/ +yD;awmh tm;
upm;+ydKifyGJ¶kHeJ@eD;wJh +rdKŒe,fawGu pmoifausmif;awGukd ajym
xm;+yD; ausmif;om;awGukd vm+yD;=unfhckdif;w,f? ta&;}uD;
yk*~dKvfawGqkd+yD; zdwfxm;wJhtpkd;&vufukdifwkwfawGvmw,f?
wu,fwrf; 'Dynm&yfukd aoaocsmcsm pdwf0ifpm;vkd@ avhvm
csifvkd@ vm=unfholwcsKdŒ&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh tHh=ozG,f ynm&yfwck
taeeJ@a&m/ rjrifzl;wmawGtaeeJ@yg vm=unfholr&Sdbl;? bmvkd@
vJqkdawmh tpkd;&ukdrESpfoufvkd@yJ”[k ‚if;uajymonf?

tqkdygyGJukd ok0ÀtrsKd;om;tm;upm;+ydKifyGJ¶kH (1)ESifh eD;onfh

ouFef;usGef;/ wmarG/ ok0Àòrd@e,fwkd@rS tru/ tvu/ txu
ausmif;toD;oD;rS q&m/ q&mrrsm;OD;aqmifaomz,f&Djzifh
t"rR vma&muf=unfh¶_ckdif;cJhonf[k wmarG+rdKŒe,f q&mrwOD
q&mrwOD;
u ajymonf?

“trSefqkd&ifawmh uav;awGukd tckvkdausmif;ydwf&ufrSm 'Dvkdokdif;oifuGufawG/ um,odE<dpGrf;&nfawGudk jyo

&wmxuf a'oEœ&A[kokw&Smzkd@ c&D;xGufwmukd usrwk@d ESpfoufw,fvkd@yJ ajymyg&ap” [k tqkdyg q&mru
ajymonf?

“vlawGudk tcrJh =unfhEkdifw,fvkd@ a=umfjimxm;&ifvnf; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf =unfhEkdifatmifvkyf&r,fav? tck

[m &Jum;utpD; (30)avmuf&Sdw,f? &JawG/ ppfom;awGuvnf; cef;rxJrSmtjynfh? yg0gjycsifwJh &JabmfawGu
ppfvm; aq;vm; vmar;ao;w,f? usaemfu yGJ=unfhpifuae atmufudkqif;+yD; wDAD¶kdufaewJh ae&mtem;ukd
oGm;awmh &Jwaumifu usaemfhukd b,fuvJqkd+yD;ar;w,f? usaemfhukd tay:uyJ =unfhygwhJ? 'grsKd;awGa=umifh

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 20
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
aemufwae@ roGm;awmhbl;? paeae@uyJ oGm;w,f? vlawGrvmwm tJ'grsKd;awGa=umifhAs” [k ouFef;usGef;rS
ysHusvkyfom; ukdvGef;armifu ajymonf?

+yD;cJhonfh Zefe0g&D (17)&ufu 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;jrifhaqG vma&mufonfhtcsdefaemufusonfhtwGuf oHacsmif;

rsm;ay:wGif touf (13)ESpfcef@t&G,f uav;rsm; vSdrfhjyonfhjyuGufukd rawGŒvkduf&onhftwGuf 'kwd,t}udrf
jyefvnfjyocJh&a=umif; yGJ=unfholwOD;u ajymonf? yGJpOfrsm;ukd paeae@ESifh we*FaEGae@wkd@wGif eHeuf (8)em&DrS
ae@v,f (1) em&Dxd usif;ycJhjcif;jzpfa=umif;od&onf?

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rZÆdr owif;Xme
16 Zefe0g&D 2009

u&ifolykefrsm;udkwd
wkud fcdcku
d f&ef aemufxyfwkdufyGJ r=umrDpwif
pwifrnf
xdkif;e,fpyf+rhKd rJaqmuf.awmifbufwGif u&iftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (KNLA). txl;wyf&if;
103 udk wyfr[m 6wyf&if; 201rSwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;jzifh tiftm;jznhfwif;r_rsm; jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdonf? txl;wyf&if;
trSwf 103onf vGefcJhaomtywfu ,if;.tajccHpcef;udkqkH;&H_;cJh&+yD;/ vGefcJhaom 7 &ufvHk;vHk; wcsdefvHk;a&$@
ajymif;aecJh&onf? &efoludktm¶kHv$JEdkif&ef ajrjrêKyfrdkif;rsm;/ a&S@xGufrdkif;rsm;toHk;jyKcJh=u&onf?

xdkif;EdkifiH zkyfz&(Phop Phra)c¶dkiftwGif; jzpfyGg;aeaomwdkufyGJrSm xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf ajrmufydkif;wavSsmuf vGefcJh

aomESpf ZGefv 30&ufae@uwJu bwjyef usm;wjyefjzpfaecJhonf? vGefcJhaom tywfurl jrefrmtpdk;&wyfzGJ@
rsm;u wyf&if; 103. tajccHpcef;udkodrf;ydkufrdcJh+yD;/ zsufqD;ypfcJhonf? Tpcef;onf aea&mifjcnfpGrf;tifoHk;rD;
rsm;/ ig;uefrsm;/ tvGef=uD;aompyg;usDESihf teD;tem;&Gm 2&GmrS vlaygif; 800 cef@ukd aq;0g;ukoay;aecJhaom
aq;cef;wdk@jzifh t=uD;tus,fwnfaqmufxm;jcif; jzpfonf?

KNLA onf vGefcJhaomESpfuwnf;u Tpcef;udk qHk;&H_;vdkuf/ jyeft&,lvdkufjzpfaecJh+yD; ,cktcgrSmrl jyef&Edkif

p&m r&Sdawmhyg? u&iftrsKd;om; ‘tpnf;t¶kH;’(KNU)onf ppftpdk;&ESihf typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyf vufrSwf
a&;xdk;jcif;rjyK&ao;onhf t"duusaom tzGJ@tcsKd@teufrS wckjzpf+yD; (KNLA)onf TtzGJ@. vufeufudkif
wyf jzpfonf? wyfrª; Adkvfrª;=uD;e'g;jr u olwdk@.tajccHpcef;udkqHk;&H_;cJh+yD;/ ,cktcg ol@wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;onf ajrmuf
buf&Sd wyf&if; 201. 0g;avcD;pcef;udk umuG,f&ef jyefvnfpkzGJ@ae&m,lr_rsm; jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdonf[k ajymonf?

Tpcef;onf 1998 ckESpfuwnf;uwnf&dSchJ+yD;/ ,refESpf *sLvdkifvtwGif; acwWodrf;ydkufcHcJh&ao;onf? odk@aomf

3 &uf=um tjyif;txefwdkufcdkufcJh&+yD;aemuf jyefvnft&,lEkdifcJhonf? vGefcJhaomtywfu jzpfyGg;cJhaom wdkuf
yGJrsm;Y ‘etz
etz’(SPDC)wyfrsm; tvGeftxdemcJh+yD; xdkif;EdkifiHrJaqmuf aq;¶kHwGif pwD;vufwGef;vSnf;rsm;jzifh
wGef;,lvmaom rdkif;xdjrefrmppfom; vlemrsm;jzifh jynhfESufaecJhonf? TwdkufyGJ jzpfyGg;&mae&monf awmifay:
&_cif;omrsm;&Sdojzifh urBmvSnhf c&D;onfrsm; vma&mufavh&dSaom xdkif;EdkifiH ‘tk
tkef;zef’(Umphang)a'o.
wbufwGif wnf&Sdonf?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 21
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
etzwyfrsm;onf 0g;avcD;pcef;udk t=uD;tus,fwdkufcdkuf&ef =umoyaw;ae@u ae&m,lxm;cJh+yD;/ xdkpcef;udk
vufeuf=uD;rsm;jzifhypfcwfcJh&m rrSefbJvGJacsmfoGm;cJhonf? pcef;teD;&Sd awmifukef;tjrifhrsm;ay:wGif tpdk;&wyf
rsm; ae&m,lxm;Edkif+yD; xdkae&mrsm;rS 81 rr pdefajymif;rsm;jzifh ypfcwfvsuf&Sdonf?

KNLA wGifvnf; oHcsyfum,Ofrsm;ay:

wGif wyfqifxm;avh&Sdonfh tvGef
a=umufrufbG,faumif;aom ydGKifh 5
(vufr) pufaoewf=uD; &Sdonf?

tkef;zef
zef(Umphang)

KNLAu Tpcef;udktoJtoefxdef;
odrf;xm;vdkonfrSm Tpcef;onf a'o
wGif; xl;jcm;ta&;ygaompcef;jzpfI oif
wef;cef;rrsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;&Sdjcif;
a=umifhomr[kwf/ppfoif;csKdif;vnf; T
pcef;wGif&Sd aeaoma=umifh jzpfonf?

‘etz’onf
etz Ta'otwGif;xGuf&Sdonfh xl;jcm;aomowWKodkufrsm;jzpfonfh a&$/ oHjzL/ oGyf/ tjzdKufeuf (c
aemufpdrf;udk ,if;rSoef@pifxkwf,lonf)wdk@udk vk,lI “pD;yGg;a&;t& tjynfht0 xdef;csKyf”xm;vdkonfh twGuf
wdkufcdkufaejcif;jzpfonf[k olykefwyfzGJ@u ajymqdkygonf?

rnfonfh tzGJ@uyifjzpfap/ olwdk@t&if;tESD;rsm;twGuf vHkjcHKa&;tmrcHcsufom tjynfht0ay;Edkifrnfqkdygu

tqdkyg owWKrsm;udk wl;azmfxkwf,l&ef xdkif0rfESifhxdkif; owWKwl;ukr`%Drsm;u toifhapmifhqdkif;ae=uonf?

a'otwGif; KNLA.v_yf&Sm;r_onf t+rJwrf; ra&r&mom&SdcJhaomfvnf; ,ckaemufqHk; jzpfyGg;aeaom wdkufyGJ

rsm;onf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif; zkyfz&0ef
& ;usifY jzpfyGg;cJhaom wdkufyGJrsm;teuf t&Snf=umtjyif;xefqHk;aom
wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfonf? tultnDay;a&; vkyfom;rsm;.tajymt& e,fpyfwbufwcsufwGif&Sdaom [ufwm&m m
aygif;rsm;pGm&Sdonfh ajymif;cif;rsm;udkyif r&dwfodrf;awmhbJ xdkif;v,form;rsm;onf u&if 'kuQonfpcef;rsm;qD
odk@ OD;wnfvmae=uonf[k qdkonf? xdkae&mwGif olwdk@twGuf tenf;qHk; pm;p&mawmh&rnf?

xkdif;=unf;wyfuvnf; xkda'otwGif;e,fpyfwavSsmuf tiftm;jznhfwif;csxm;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh+yD;/t0iftxGuf

tm;vHk;udk aocsmpGmapmifh=unhfaeonf? Ta'otwGif; KNLA.tem*gwftwGuf ,ck &ufowWywfukefydkif;
onf ta&;ygaomtcsdefjzpfvdrfhrnf?

jyif;xefpGmjzpfyGg;aom wdkufyGJrsm;a=umifh jyefvnfqkwfcGg&efrSm rjzpfEdkifawmhbJ 0g;avcD;pcef;rSm aocsmayguf

zsufqD;cH&awmhrnfhyHk&Sdaeonf?

wevFmae@uvnf; +AdwdoSsvlrsKd; "gwfyHkq&mwOD;udk apmifjzihftkyfI xdkif;EdkifiHab;vGwf&modk@ awmwGif;rS ac:

xkwfvmcJh&onf? Ak'<[l;ae@uvnf; tvm;wl EdkifiHjcm;om; apwemh0efxrf;wOD;udk oifwef;tpDtpOf wckudk
&yfwef@I wkdufyGJrsm; rjzpfyGg;rD xGufcGgcdkif;cJh&onf?
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 22
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
,ck &ufowWywfukefydkif;wGifvnf; rJaqmuftaxGaxGaq;¶kH=uD;. p=uørsm;ay:wGif vlemwif vufwGef;vSnf;
rsm; oGm;vmaeonfudk awG@jrif=u&OD;rnf?

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16 Zefe0g&D 2009

‘tzGJ@csKyfA[kd’a=unmcsufudk +rdKŒe,fpnf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;u axmufcH

‘trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf’(A[kd). a=unmcsufudk o&uf+rdKŒe,f/ +rdKŒe,fpnf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;uaxmufcHa=umif;
tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfum 0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;aqmif&GufoGm;rnf[k qdkonf?

+yD;cJhonfh (17)&ufae@ujyKvkyfcJhonfh rauG;wdkif;/ o&uf+rdKŒe,fpnf;tzG@J 0ifrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif ,ckuJhodk@ qHk;

jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfcJhjcif;jzpf+yD; tqdkygtpnf;ta0;od@k +rdKŒe,fpnf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpfonfhODO;D xGef;atmif
atmif=unf(OuUÏ)/
'kOuUÏ a':oef;jrifh(b¾ma&;rSL;)/ twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh +rdKŒe,fpnf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;tm;vHk;pHkvifpGmwufa&mufcJha=umif;
+rdKŒe,fpnf;twGif;a&;rSL;u ajymonf?

“tzGJ@csKyfA[dk&JŒ 18§9 2008 txl;a=ujim

csufudk usaemfwdk@u tm;omwJhqHk;jzwfcsuf
jzpfw,fqdkwmudk ajymcsifw,f/ usaemfwdk@
o&uf+rdKŒe,fpnf;taeeJ@u tJ'gudkvufcH+yD;
awmh 'g[mvufawG@usus trsKd;om;&if=um;
apha&; awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;&JΠt"dujzpfw,fvdk@
t=uGif;rJh,Hk=unfw,f” [k ‚if;uajymonf?
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfytzG
ftzGJ@0ifrsm;

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. 18§9 2008

txl;a=ujimcsufonf 1990 ckESpf ygwDpHk a&G;
aumufyGJwGif tEdkif&cJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u
jynfol@v$wfawmftjrefqHk;ac:,lum‘‘zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' oHk;oyfa&;tzG@J ’udk zGJ@pnf;I jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;udk
(6) vtwGif; aqmif&Gufay;&ef EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf zGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDodk@ wdkufwGef;t}uHjyKxm;
jcif;rsm; yg0ifonf?

“jrefrmEdkifiH&JŒ +idrf;csrf;pGm 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;udk tajymr[kwfbJ wu,fvdkvm;w,fqdk&if tzGJ@csKyf

wdkufwGef;csufudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf jynfwGif;jynfy 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkawGtygt0if
EU/ ASEANeJ@ EdkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;awGtm;vHk; tav;eufxm;+yD; tpGef;ukeft&Sdefjrêifh wdkufwGef;aqmif
&Gufay;=uzdk@ usaemfwdk@A[kdXmecsKyfuwqifh wifjyawmif;qdkoGm;rSmyg” [k ajymonf?

o&uf+rdKŒe,fpnf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;u ‚if;tqdkjyKcsufrsm;udktaumiftxnfazmfEdkifygu etzppftpdk;&taejzifhEdkifiH

a&;wuf=uGv_yf&Sm;olrsm;ukd rw&m; Oya'rJhzrf;qD;aer_rsm;/ rw&m; axmif'%fcsrSwfaer_rsm;ESihf a':atmifqef;
“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf
rnf?” 23
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
pk=unftygt0if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGukd csGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqkH;jyefv$wfay;&ef &nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ajymqkd
jcif;jzpfa=umif; ajymonf?

(2010) a&G;aumufyGJESifhywfoufI “a&G;aumufyGJeJ@ ywfoufvdk@uawmh XmecsKyfucsrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif; tajc

cHOya'udk vufcHxm;jcif;r&Sdygbl;/ qENcH,lyJGukdvnf; todrSwfrjyKxm;wJhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJudkvnf; vHk;0
todrSwfrjyKxm;ygbl;/ ajymp&mvJ rvdkygbl;” [k ajymonf?

jynfolvlxktaejzifhvnf; ppftpdk;&jyKvkyfrnfha&G;aumif;yGJukd todrSwfjyKpOf;pm;p&mrvkda=umif;ESifh jynfwGif;

jynfy 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;taejzifhvnf; tzGJ@csKyf.a=ujimcsufukd tpGrf;ukefulnDyHhydk@ay;&ef txl;yef
=um;vdka=umif; qufvufajymonf?

,ckjyKvkyfonfh o&uf+rdKŒe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf vpOftpnf;ta0;onf 2007 ckESpf/pufwifbm a&$0g

a&mifawmfvSefa&;aemufydkif; yxrqHk;t}udrfjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf?

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&Jbufpcef;rsm;wGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf
&;tusOf;om;rsm; usef;rma&; pdk;&drfae&
15 Zefe0g&D 2009

&Jbufpcef;odk@ ydk@aqmifjcif;cH&onfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; usef;rma&;tajctaepdk;&drfae&a=umif; ‘EdEdkifiHa&;

tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;’(jrefrmEkdifiH) (AAPP-B)rS ,ae@owif;xkwfjyefa=unmonf?

awmifil+rdKΠ(av;rdkif&Jbufpcef;)ausmufxkpcef;wGif tusOf;uscHae&onfh udkaZmfEdkifaxG;. usef;rma&;tajc

taeESifh ywfoufI ,ckuJhodk@ owif;xkwfjyefa=unmjcif;jzpfonf?

“t"duuawmh tpm;taomufu enf;enf;av;yJ ausG;w,f/ r0a&pmausG;wJh oabmrsKd;jzpfaew,f/ aemuf

awmh olu ajccsif;cwf+yD; ausmufxkae&w,f/ a&uvJ ravmufawmh wjznf;jznf; usef;rma&;csKdŒwJhvmwJh
oabmjzpfwm/ a&&Snfusawmh 'g[m pdk;&drfp&maumif;wJh tajctaejzpfvmw,f” [k (AAPP-B)twGif;a&;
rSL; OD;wdwfEdkifu ajymonf?

ukdaZmfEdkifaxG;onf tpfudkjzpfol 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om; udkausmfausmfaxG;(c)ududkrmuD;xHrS pmudk tusOf;

axmifjyifyodk@ xkwfay;ojzifh tusOf;axmifyk'fr (41§c)/ (42) wdk@jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcHcJh&+yD; +yD;cJhonfh 'DZifbm
(15)&ufae@wGif axmif (9)ESpf csrSwfcH&oljzpfonf?

ppftpdk;&u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk &Jbufpcef;rsm;odk@ydk@aqmifum tvkyf=urf;rsm;cdkif;apaejcif;onf aoap

vdkonfh &nf&G,fcsufjzifhvkyfaqmifaejcif;omjzpf+yD; touf&SifvsS uf tdrfjyefa&muf&dSol tvGefenf;yg;a=umif;
(AAPP-B) a=unmcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onf?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 24
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
,ckvuf&Sd &Jbufpcef;rsm;odk@ ydk@aqmifcHxm;&onfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; tenf;qHk; (17)OD;cef@&Sd+yD; &moDOwk
t&rf;at;onfhtajctaersm;wGif ‚if;wdk@.usef;rma&;udk tvGefpdk;&drfae&onf[k OD;wdwfEdkifu qufvufajym
onf?

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jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; aetdrfzsuf+yD; awmxJwGifykef;atmif;ae&

xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u jrefrma&$Œajymif;tvkyform;rsm;udk aetdrfrsm;rS twif;t=uyfarmif;xkwfr_rsm; jyKvkyf
aeojzifh awmxJwGifykef;atmif;ae&+yD; pdk;&drfae&onfhtajctaeodk@ a&mufaeonf?

rJaqmuf+rKdŒrS 44 uDvkdrDwmtuGm&Sd zkwfz& +rKdŒ

e,f/0g;awmaus;&GmwGif ,ae@eHeuf (8)em&Dcef@
u jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;aexdkifonfh aetdrf
(80)ausmfudk xdkif;e,fjcm;apmifhwyfrsm;/ &J/ +rdKŒ
e,ftkyfcsKyfa&; tm%mydkifrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmol}uD;
rsm;uvma&muf+yD; armif;xkwfcJhojzifh ygrdkuf
awmxJwGif ykef;atmifae&a=umif; ‚if;a'o&Sd
jrefrmjynfom;wOD;u ajymonf? ,refae@/ ae@
vnf (1)em&Davmufu tqdkyg a&$Œajymif;jrefrm
tvkyform;rsm;aexdkif&modk@ zkwfz& +rdKŒe,f
tm%mydkifrsm;a&mufvm+yD; aetdrfrsm;udk
rajymif;a&$Œygu rD;¶_dŒrnf[k ajymqdkchJ+yD; ,ae@
eHeufydkif;wGif ajymif;a&$ŒcJh&jcif;jzpfonf?

“tm%mydkifawGu tJ'Dudkvm+yD; eifwdk@ypPnf;awGukd tukefvkH;o,f/ tdrfawGudkzsuf+yD;awmh bwf(tvkyform;

vufrSwf)&SdwJhola&m r&SdwJhola&m tukefvHk;awmxJudk0if/ tJ'DvdkArmjynfom;awGtrsm;}uD;pk+yD;awmh aevdk@r&
bl;qdk+yD; armif;xkwfwm” [k tvkyform;wOD;u ajymonf?

tm%mydkifrsm;. twif;t=uyfajymif;a&$Œcdkif;jcif;a=umifh aetdrftrdk;tumrsm;udk zsufqD;ypfchJ&+yD; vl@toHk;

taqmifypPnf;tcsKdŒudkom ,laqmifoGm;cJh=u&m rnfolrSjyefvm&Jjcif;r&Sda=umif; ‚if;uqufajymonf?

“tJ'D0ef;xJrSm pm=unhfwdkuf/ aq;ay;cef;awG aemufawmh pmoifausmif;uvJ&Sdw,f/ aus;&Gmw&Gm yHkpHrsKd;jzpf

aew,f/ tm%mydkifawGbufu jrefrm&Gmw&GmjzpfvmrSmudkpdk;&drfwJhtwGuf tckvdkzsufwmvdk@xifw,f/ avm
avmq,f aq;ay;cef;wckyJusefcJhw,f” [k ajymonf?

,if;uJhodk@ykef;a&Smifae=u&mwGif ausmif;wufaeonfh jrefrmuav;i,f (40)ausmfonf rdbrsm;ESihftwlawmxJ

wGif a&Smifykef;ae&+yD; aomufoHk;a&tcuftcJESifh &moDOwktvGefat;ojzifh ‚if;wdk@twGuf txl;pdk;&drfae&
a=umif; tqdkyga'owGifaexdkifonfh jrefrmtvkyform;wOD;u ajymonf?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 25
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
 “wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktusdK; a&S;±_+yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf=u?”
u?” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
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xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh e,fajrcsif;eD;pyfaeonfh xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf/ rJaqmuf+rdKŒe,fydkifa'orsm;wGif vkH+cHK
a&;ta=umif;jycsufjzifh ,ckuJhodk@ vlaetdrfrsm;udkajymif;a&$Œckdif;jcif;rsm; r=umc% jyKvkyfvSsuf&dSonf?

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xdkif;EdkifiH/ wyfc&dkif/ zkwfz&a'o&Sd

jrefrma&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;r_rsm; jyKvkyfae

2009ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (15) &ufae@

,ae@eHeufydkif;wGif xkdif;EdkifiH/ wyfc&dkif/ zkwfz&jrdK@e,f&dS (48) uDvkda'o/ (44) uDvdka'o wdk@wGif aexdkifaom
jrefrmEdkifiHom; a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;udk xdkif;ppfwyfESihf vufeufudkiftzGJ@0if (100) ausmfcef@wdk@rS t}uD;
tus,f vdkufvHzrf;qD;vsuf&Sda=umif;od&onf?

“tvkyform;awG&J@ vHkjcHKa&;u awmfawmfqkd;&drfp&mjzpfaew,f/ 'Dae@ eHeufydkif; (48)uDvdkrDwm aus;&GmrSm ppf

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xGuf jrefrmjynfom;tvkyform;awGudk vdkufzrf;aewmudk awG@cJh&w,f” [krsufjrifawG@cJh&aom tvkyform;
wpfOD;rSajymjyjyD; tjcm;tvkyform;wpfOD;rSvnf; “vdkufzrf;aewJhtwGuf tvkyform;awGa=umufvef@jyD; ajy;
v$m;oGm;vmaewmudk awG@cJh&w,f/ olwdk hu (48)uae (44)udk qufjyD;vmzrf;=uwmvdk@ od&w,f” [kajymjy
ygonf?

,ae@zrf;qD;onfhta=umif;rsm;ukd a'owGif;&Sd tm
%mydkifrsm;rS =udKwifta=umif;=um;xm;a=umif;ESifh
rSwfyHkwifr&Sdolrsm;. vlaetdrfrsm;udkzsufxm;&ef
ajymqkdxm;a=umif;vnf;od&ygonf? 4if;a'owGif;
zrf;qD;rSKrsm;rSm ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif jzpfay:ae
a=umif;/ aecif;tcsdefrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;vsif
tvif;a&mifa=umifh ajy;v$m;&wmtEWm&m,fenf;
ayrJh/ ntcsdefrawmf 0ifzrf;&mvsif ajy;v$m;&if;jzifh
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jcpfrdjcif;rsm;a=umifh ajcaxmufrsm; cE<mudk,frsm;udk
xdcdkufrdjyD; '%f&m&aomolrsm;&Sdovdk/ &if0wnf@wnf@odk@ 0g;cGsefESifhxdk;rdjyD; aoqHk;olvnf;&Sda=umif;udk a'o
wGif;udk,fwdkifawG@jrifcJholwpfOD;.ajymjy csufa=umifhod&Sd&onf?

aemufxyf tjcm;ae&mawGudkvnf; zrf;qD;r_rsm;qufvkyfrnf[ktoday;xm;a=umif;od&ygonf? ,ae@ aemuf

qHk; n(7;30) csdef&&Sdonfhowif;t& (33)a'o&Sd tvkyform;0if;rsm;wGif vdkufvHzrf;qD;aea=umif;vnf; od&
ygonf?

“tmZmenfyk*~dKvfwdk@.vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufIaqmif&ëufrnf

rnf?” 26
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)