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Dtraction de la lumire par un rseau

I '&#$%
      
 
'  !"  #$%  .  +  *)$
"    / /$0.  3. 2 3
. !4$ $2
56 78  pas dun rseau
 35E : $ .. $/ $ 2 3  D
  G . a
 D$. 8  / +2J 5 
1
 / . +2 . J  8L 8  n = 0K8
a
M$JJ a +. .
  $ " N :
  QR 2 ) J 3 P .3 /."O   3 .
  J 3 QR 30%  /  K  3
 8"O
  +2 / 400  X' : +/$5 . .5E [3J  . a
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. .

II %
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II 1 ': 
%.
" Qb !N 5b K $Pa DJ /$0 J  
  /."O )  N ( 2 ) J 3
 . 8 b
"' +2 h.3 f   .   b8
II 2 *<=/ 89*/: $%./
1 *   7 j 
"  $Pa h/   3 b J
  .  3.  $2 2 3
 !4$ 8/  34    .. D
 Xb jL k

 $ . lR +8$5


'  $N . /   N M8 " n $Pa h 4 h$N +2 $Pa
 .3 .
2  8/ D + 8/   4 D' $P . +.  " .
 r 5 5  jL! k=0 . 8/ X0 h/E% "   0K5 8/
, D
2 $ v/ 1 a D h u/4 h/ ! .
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KE  r'.  Q" G    "8. 8/D. D  [  4$ aw


u/4
3 "8  0 5b x
3  1  zJK
" zJK  8   ) .6 J {  7$% ' #$% GN/ .
3 2 [ ha     $Pa h/
[ ha  +2 L  G$2 N'  |84 5b/ .
M. 4 8 zJK GN/ } $ GD   jL! 34zJK 5/4
 { $ GN/  J% . +3)4
3 3 Q/  /."O   x
 /."O   l3$     8"w .
II 3 ' %AB'&  * : ?3 . -<C:D
+2 jL    j D' $P5b%" $
  L  +48 Q / )  I ( [/R I
. .... "!  $Pa h 4 J   . +2 v25 N M8 +2 $Pa
h$N .3 /" :  $J +2 lb ' J%   .
2 $3
 .8" : 78 2 1 $.N $.R84
 I $/ " M$ I  h 6
 +k4 8" . 2 $3
 H M$ IH 2 3 /bw 8  I 5/4
 [3J 2 N: Q
M$ = d 2 d1 = I H d12 3
{   5/  1 N d22 3
{   5/ .2 N
IH ) 4
 = ( I

I H I H
=
I H = a sin
II
a

= sin

= a sin


 ha /4 a /
Q N ' $P J%   .4 v2 O . [ !4$ $2 +2
  !"K   + jL N  8/ a 0 [  2  $3
' ) 5  N  N'. $P
= k avec k Z
a sin = k  " 4 G

1
n

=a

  M$ sin = k n : + . k Z
jL sin = k n : 0K8  " O  a /2 . /
.0  b /4 aw  ) /f  " R (   /f
 $3$P b8  F2 8  "O  *}$ N [/. [.42
/ :
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F F 1
f
. b8  
: [." k   J +2
F F x
sin tan = 1 = k
f
f

f 2 3 f M$J sin tan =

xk
k n : " sin = k n 
f
xk

k n x k = kf :
f
a
F2 F1 / aw /4 2 + . 
. !4$ Q$2 2 3  3. F3

i = x k +1 x k = f . : + 2 3 jL
a
. / aw /4 
k n 1 [." sin 1  sin = k n 0K8 .
1
1
:  42
k
n
n
-<C:D %F ? *  3&' %AB' 4 II
. $3 2 [3" .     J% $P' 8%  0 .8"
4
IH
= d 2 d1 = I H

, = I

= II
H
IH
. / aw /4   k Z M$J

IH
IH
= a sin
=
IH
II
a
H I H I
sin 0 =
=
H I = a sin 0
II
a
= a(sin sin 0 )

sin =

+ $3 2  2 $P " KE.


= k avec k Z :
:  .   L +
k = a(sin sin 0 )

k
a
sin = sin 0 + k n avec k Z

sin = sin 0 +

G
+ , -$%./ %
1 III
.  

.  1
 #$%  ' $"5b $Pa DJ Qb"
. L2 8 b   N /."w  
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"' +2 h.3 f   .   L2 b8

1 *   7 j   . Xb k
" zJK 
  ' " M$J #$%   3 b{ $ ' #$%
   8/ '$ D.
 3 jL k $ '  #$%.  5b
2  32   8/ '$ D  
.[ h$N 8%' $P J%    8/ +58. '$ D   ) [ '
( #$%
3   7$5  34  : k=1
 ' % R" 2 J%  +3)4
" '  J%   " ' +3)4
4 . Q v2L  34  G.kJK l  h
. O  34  G.kJK l  h v2 ) '  +3)4 "  '
 ( J%  $J  ' . #$%
" x.4.3 : $%,I *+ 3 ) ( K' LM 8'*:
J 
'  $KM*P < N <3 N . 9
III 2 *$%,IQ
 J : +k4
" .8   +. !$2 ' $k4 #$%
 r.2 0=0 0K8 8 +.
aw  /: +
sin = sin 0 + k n
0 = 0 sin = k n

k Z
 D 34 $}* N  r jL: 0K8

rad = k = k n
a
 ' . #$%    8 J   ! {  +.4 N 
2 400 nm 800 nm  "O  $/ v 8.   8w J%   .
N   +58 + . '  34  sin J% )*% +3)4[  /2
k=0 k=1 ${ k=2 .
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k=0

sin = 0 = 0

#$% ' .O


8/ .2 
. '  $ D

  8/ 2 x 1R

k=1
sin R = 2 R n

k=2

sin R = 2 R n

sin J = 2 J n

sin J = 2 J n

sin V = 2 V n

sin V = 2 V n

aw /4  34    
 G"2  J%  ' 34  /
 $"O 8 /$0 b ha
h +3$P   KR v54 M$J
(k=1)  7$5  )*% ' j 
f .3 +2 '7${ .$2
. b8 jL!
# %M 3 III
 +P ' 7$5   8
= f R n M$J x 1 R x 1V :   5b Q k=1

7$5  ")| $3)4 8/ 2 x 1V = f V n  D 8/  0K5" 7$5


(k=0,x=0) ' $ D 8/  34 
x 1 R x 1V = f n ( R V ) 2 + . 

( R V
x kR x kV = kf n

) : k '% -9%< #U %M : S<&'

a  5E  *}D k=1  7$5  $. 0K8 jL KE 


G" 0K8 jL $ . $E% 0K8 h v2. L . +2 /  n 
  $ f f 2 3  b $.E [ 7$5  $  
. ' $ . +2 !0/

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