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Cours 24
Cours 24
Transformation chimique seffectuant dans les deux sens
( 46
) ,- /0 1,2 I
/0/ ,- 8 ;1
: =>4?
+
% ('H
! "!
.
+
. % ('H
.
3! ,;1; ( >=< BH+/B HA/A- ) 3!/
,-./ 1
BH+ = B + H+ HA = A + H+
: ABC
>4
: ,;; 3!/
-.; ,;1; =<
H2 O ( ) = H+ + HO ( aq)
. ;%/ K
: ABC
>4
: N
J NRI ;
3! %; ,;1/ 1
pH = log H3 O + H3 O + = 10 pH
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log10 = 1
log1 = 0
loga.b = loga + logb
a
log = loga logb
b
log10x = xlog10 = x
y = 10x x = logy
; ,I
; N/ >I
;
V I .
I
J N/ / J/ pH NRI
. %;
: / J/ pH ;Iw 1
YE= c? d
xZ; pH V I . O ^I xZ K;1Z >
,I" / ,;< yR;
. {K; ^I
; H!' ( pH>7,6 6,0<pH<7,6 pH<6,0) <Y/ pH ; J/ ,}'} M(~ : R4f
. "( %X : ,;;; V M(~I BBT /< ; ;\yR;
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10 3,25 10 pH 10 3,15
10 3,25 H3O + 10 3,15
5, 623.10 4 mol / H3O + 7,079.10 4 mol /
: : W;! [
7, 079.10 mol / 5, 623.10 mol /
H3O+ =
= 0, 7.10 4 mol /
2
H3O+ = 6,3 0, 7.10 4 mol /
4
H3O + IV .
I
J , / 2
: \
H3O
7.10 5
=
= 0,11
6, 3.104
H3O +
. E 4` E III
. E 4`
4R 1
1 B>4f n
V0=500,0ml K1Z 1/ ,-! =
N/ V=1,00ml ! ; ; /
-; CH3COOH LII 3!
-; /1; J K=; ,>>
. O\- ,};
/ pH K- ,Z O =J; J; pH s O =J; J; s
1
. pH=3,10 : ,;; ,>;=
J
. ;LII 3! N
JI M;
3! %; ,;1/ 1
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,-.; 3! N/
;\JI %; M('
. H3 O (aq) / H2 O() ,-.; ;
CH3 COOH(aq) / CH3 COO (aq)
+
d=
mi
M
acide
acide = d.eau
eau
m
mi = acide .V = d.eau .V
V
d.eau .V
ni =
M
1, 05 1 103 1 10 3
ni =
= 1, 75.10 2 mol
60
acide =
.
-I ; V LII 3!
J; %;
:
=V ;
n H3O + = x f x f = H3O + Vf
x f = 1,7.10 2 500.10 3 = 4, 0.10 4 mol
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> / .
=V ;
K>; ;
3
=V ;
N/ ^X K>; ;
x f < x max
: ,K>; ,;J; LII 3! , R
xf
t! J; O; ./
x max
! 4
: ,'1;
! >I
;
xf
4,0.10
=
= 2, 3.10 2 = 2, 3%
x max
0,0175
.
C
F 3
1 B>4f n
2
. 5,10 , M(~I pH H!'> CH3COONa I ;=I N/ 0,50g ;"< !
pH , < 1
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3J; (S) [J/ "J; HCOOH LI 3! N/ ni = 5, 00.10 3 mol ,; LI
; ;=J; q;Y
J/ N/ 1l ). (S
R ; ,;J / ,=J >1/ % O-M;: O
; ,;J;> ,K!
- ;
;
: >I
+
= 4,14.10 mol
0, 86.10
nf (HCOOH) = ni x f = 5, 00.10
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