Proceedings

and Addresses
of The American
PhiIosophicaI
Association
DSD
7+($0(5,&$1
3+,/2623+,&$/$662&,$7,21
September 2011
VoIume 85, lssue 1
University of DeIaware
Newark, DE 19716 www.apaonIine.org
Eastern Division Program
The American Philosophical
Association
Eastern Division
One Hundred Eighth
Annual Meeting
Marriott Wardman Park
Washington, DC
December 27 - 8O, 2O11
3URFHHGLQJVDQG$GGUHVVHVRI
7KH$PHULFDQ3KLORVRSKLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ
3URFHHGLQJVDQG$GGUHVVHVRIWKH$PHULFDQ3KLORVRSKLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ (ISSN
OO65-D72X) is published five times each year and is distributed to members
of the APA as a benefit of membership and to libraries, departments, and
institutions for $75 per year. It is published by The American Philosophical
Association, 81 Amstel Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, DE 1D716.
Periodicals Postage Paid at Newark, DE and additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to 3URFHHGLQJVDQG$GGUHVVHV, The
American Philosophical Association, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
1D716.
Editor: David E. Schrader Phone: (8O2) 881-1112
PubIications Coordinator: Erin Shepherd lax: (8O2) 881-86DO
Associate Editor: Richard Bett Web: www.apaonline.org
Meeting Coordinator: Linda Smallbrook

3URFHHGLQJVDQG$GGUHVVHVRI7KH$PHULFDQ3KLORVRSKLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ,
the ma|or publication of The American Philosophical Association, is
published five times each academic year in the months of September,
November, 1anuary, February, and May.
Each annual volume contains the programs for the meetings of the
three Divisions; the membership list; Presidential Addresses; news of the
Association, its Divisions and Committees, and announcements of interest
to philosophers. Other items of interest to the community of philosophers
may be included by decision of the Editor or the APA Board of Officers.
Microfilm copies are available through National Archive Publishing
Company, Periodicals/Acquisitions Dept., P.O. Box DD8, Ann Arbor, MI
481O6-ODD8. (HTTP://WWW.NAPUBCO.COM). Certain back issues may be obtained
from the APA.
All correspondence should be sent to the APA, 81 Amstel Avenue,
University of Delaware, Newark, DE 1D716, directed to the appropriate
staff member as follows: Erin Shepherd for inquiries and publication copy
concerning programs of the Divisional meetings, general issues of the
3URFHHGLQJV, announcements, awards to members, and advertising; 1anet
Sample for membership information, address changes, and memorial
minutes; and the Executive Director for letters to the editor.
Copyright 2011 by The American PhiIosophicaI Association
lSSN 0065-972X
7$%/(2)&217(176
IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR MEETING ATTENDEES ........................................ 1
LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY-TREASURER ............................................. 8
EASTERN DIVISION COMMITTEES ......................................................... 11
MAIN PROGRAM ...................................................................... 15
GROUP PROGRAM .................................................................... 47
MAIN AND GROUP PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS ................................. 7D
ABSTRACTS OF COLLOQUIUM PAPERS ........................................ 1O1
ABSTRACTS OF INVITED AND SYMPOSIUM PAPERS ........................ 121
SPECIAL SESSIONS SPONSORED BY APA COMMITTEES .................. 181
GROUP SESSIONS ................................................................... 188
APA PLACEMENT SERVICE INFORMATION ................................... 187
PLACEMENT SERVICE REGISTRATION FORM ................................... 145
PAPER SUBMISSION GUIDELINES ............................................... 147
MINUTES OF THE 2O1O EASTERN DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING ..... 158
MINUTES OF THE 2O1O EASTERN DIVISION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MEETING ............................................................................ 157
ELECTION RESULTS ................................................................ 15D
CHILDCARE INFORMATION ........................................................ 161
LIST OF ADVERTISERS AND BOOK EXHIBITORS ............................ 168
FORMS ................................................................................. 1D1
ADVANCE REGISTRATION FORM ................................................... 1D8
RECEPTION TABLE REQUEST FORM ............................................. 1D5
HOTEL RESERVATION INFORMATION ............................................. 1D7
HOTEL SUITE INFORMATION ....................................................... 1DD
APA REGISTRATION POLICY .................................................... 2O1
CONVENTION HOTEL DIAGRAMS ............................................... 2O8
,03257$17127,&(6)250((7,1*
$77(1'((6
6(66,21/2&$7,216
PLEASE NOTE: THE LOCATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SESSIONS, IN BOTH
THE MAIN AND GROUP PROGRAMS, WILL BE GIVEN IN A SEPARATE
BROCHURE THAT WILL BE HANDED TO YOU WHEN YOU PICK UP YOUR
REGISTRATION MATERIALS AT THE MEETING.
IN ADDITION, LOCATIONS FOR SESSIONS ON THE FIRST EVENING
(DECEMBER 27) WILL BE POSTED IN THE REGISTRATION AREA.
352&((',1*612/21*(5',675,%87('720(0%(56$75(*,675$7,21
Starting with the 2O11 meeting, APA members will no longer receive a
duplicate copy of this issue of the 3URFHHGLQJV at the conference registration
desk. All registrants will receive a copy of the brochure mentioned above,
giving the locations of main program and group program sessions. Only
non-members will receive a copy of the 3URFHHGLQJV at registration.
If you plan to attend the meeting and wish to consult the full program,
please bring a copy of the 3URFHHGLQJV to the meeting or use the online
program at www.apaonline.org.
,03257$17,1)250$7,21$%2875(*,675$7,21
PLEASE NOTE: IT NOW &2676 /(66 TO REGISTER IN ADVANCE THAN
TO REGISTER AT THE MEETING. PLEASE SEE THE FIRST PAGE OF THE
LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY-TREASURER FOR THE EXACT FIGURES.
(The rates are the same as last year.)
Online registration should be available by late October at www.
apaonline.org. Alternatively, you can send in the registration form at the back
of this issue of the 3URFHHGLQJV (also available at www.apaonline.org).
LETTEk lkOM THE SECkETAkY-
TkEASUkEk
To All Members of the Association:
The one hundred and eighth Annual Meeting of the Eastern Division will be
held from Tuesday, December 27th through Friday, December 8Oth, 2O11,
at the Marriott Wardman Park, Washington, DC. All meeting functions will
take place at this hotel. Hotel accommodations at convention rates will
be available at the Marriott. I suggest that you make reservations at your
earliest convenience. (PIease Note: suite reservations for interviewers are
handled through Linda Smallbrook at the National Office; see the Hotel
Suite Information page at the end of the program, along with information
about regular hotel reservations and the registration forms.)
This issue of the 3URFHHGLQJV contains the following items:
(1) The complete program, including the program for group meetings.
(2) An advance registration form for individuals.
(8) An advance registration form for departments planning to interview
candidates at the meeting and wishing to use the APA Placement
Service.
(4) Information about how to make hotel reservations at regular and
student convention rates.
(5) A table reservation form for the receptions.
PIease Note: it is expected that by earIy faII, meeting registration,
PIacement Service registration for departments, and reception tabIe
reservation (in other words, the operations corresponding to items
(2), (3), and (5) above) wiII aIso be avaiIabIe onIine on the APA web
site. PIease check at http://www.apaonIine.org
1. kEClSTkATlON
PLEASE NOTE: THEkE HAS BEEN A CHANCE lN kEClSTkATlON
POLlCY. lT NOW COSTS LESS TO kEClSTEk lN ADVANCE THAN AT
THE MEETlNC. The rates for advance registration are the same as for
the last two years; there is now a supplement for registering in person at
the meeting (introduced in all three Divisions last year). The purpose of
this change is to encourage as many attendees as possible to pre-register,
thereby reducing the long lines at the Registration Desk at the start of the
meeting.