Bo co mn Tnh ton Li

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CLOUD COMPUTING

V Lm Khang 09070446 H L Hoi Trung 09070473

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I. GII THIU.......................................................................................................................4 II. CC NGHIN CU LIN QUAN .................................................................................5 III. CLOUD COMPUTING: NH NGHA, TNH CHT V M HNH.........................6 3.1. nh ngha...................................................................................................................6 3.2. Tnh cht c bn ca Cloud Computing [7]................................................................7 3.2.1. T phc v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service)............................................8 3.2.2. Truy xut din rng (Broad network access).......................................................8 3.2.3. Dng chung ti nguyn (Resource pooling).........................................................8 3.2.4. Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity).....................................................................9 3.2.5. iu tit dch v (Measured service)...................................................................9 3.3. Cc m hnh Coud Computing..................................................................................10 3.3.1. M hnh dch v.................................................................................................10 3.3.1.1. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS................................................................10 3.3.1.2. Platform as a Service PaaS.......................................................................10 3.3.1.3. Software as a Service SaaS......................................................................10 3.3.2. M hnh trin khai..............................................................................................11 3.3.2.1. Public Cloud................................................................................................11 3.3.2.2. Private Cloud...............................................................................................12 3.3.2.3. Hybrid Cloud ..............................................................................................12 IV. CLOUD COMPUTING: LI CH V KH KHN....................................................15 4.1. Cloud c phi l gii php ti u cho cc doanh nghip?.........................................15 4.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca cloud computing..................................................15 4.2.1. Tnh sn sng .....................................................................................................15 4.2.2. Data lock-in........................................................................................................15 4.2.3. Bo mt v kim tra d liu ..............................................................................16 4.2.4. Vic gy ra thc c trai trong vic truyn d liu..............................................17 4.2.5. Kh tin on trong hiu sut thc thi ca my tnh..........................................17 4.2.6. p ng nhu cu kh nng lu tr ca ngi dng...........................................17 4.2.7. Kh nng t co gin ca h thng......................................................................18 4.2.8. Bn quyn phn mm.........................................................................................18 4.3. Li ch ca Cloud Computing i vi doanh nghip[4]...........................................18 4.3.1. Gim chi ph.......................................................................................................18 4.3.2. S dng ti nguyn hiu qu hn.......................................................................19 4.1.3. Tnh linh hot.....................................................................................................20 V. S KHC NHAU GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID COMPUTING..............20 VI. KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI...................................22 6.1. Kt lun.....................................................................................................................22 6.2. Hng pht trin ca ti.......................................................................................22 6.2.1. OpenID[14][15]..................................................................................................22 6.2.2. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID...............................................................23 TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................................25

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1. Cha c ci nhn kht qut v Cloud Computing.....................................................6 Hnh 2. nh ngha Cloud Computing...................................................................................7 Hnh 3. NIST Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition................................................8 Hnh 4. Nhiu khch hng dng chung ti nguyn................................................................9 Hnh 5. Cc loi dch v Cloud Computing ........................................................................10 Hnh 6. M hnh SPI.............................................................................................................11 Hnh 7. M hnh Public Cloud.............................................................................................11 Hnh 8. Private Cloud v Public Cloud................................................................................12 Hnh 9. Kt hp Public Cloud v Private Cloud..................................................................12 Hnh 10. Hybrid Cloud.........................................................................................................13 Hnh 11. Trin khai ng dng trn Hybrid Cloud................................................................13 Hnh 12. Bng kho st cht lng dch v.........................................................................15 Hnh 13. Biu so snh hiu xut chy 72 my o trn EC2 gia cc my chia s b nh (a) v my chia s cng (b)...............................................................................................17 Hnh 14. Cloud Computing gip doanh nghip gim chi ph u t...................................19 Hnh 15. Single-tenant..........................................................................................................19 Hnh 16. Multi-tenant...........................................................................................................20 Hnh 17. Bng so snh Cloud Computing v Gird Computing............................................21 Hnh 18. Mt s nh cung cp OpenID[15].........................................................................23 Hnh 19. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID..................................................................24

I. GII THIU
Khi nim v m hnh Cloud Computing mi xut hin gn y, ang pht trin rt mnh m v si ni nh mt tro lu mi, cc cng ty cung cp dch v Cloud ngy cng nhiu, cung cp cc dch v ngy cng a dng. c im ni bt ca Cloud Computing chnh l kh nng co gin linh hot, s tin li v gim ti a chi ph cho ngi dng. Chnh iu ny thu ht s quan tm ca rt nhiu doanh nghip khi bc chn vo Cloud Computing. ti ca ti tp trung vo cc vn sau: - Tm hiu v m hnh Cloud Computing: nh ngha, kin trc, cc m hnh dch v, m hnh trin khai. - Phn tch cc c im, tnh cht ca Cloud Computing. - Phn tch nhng li ch v kh khn ca Cloud Computing. Hng pht trin trong thi gian ti ca ti l xy dng mt m hnh kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID nhm em li s tin li cho khch hng trong vic qun l ti khon Cloud Computing. Keywords: Cloud Computing, OpenID, Benefits of Cloud, Challenges of Cloud, Web 2.0, Virtualization, Everything as a Service, Elasticity, Resource on-demand, Usage-based costing.

II. CC NGHIN CU LIN QUAN

Cc nh ngha ca Cloud Computing vn cha thng nht. Trong s nhiu nh ngha hin c, ti tham kho ch yu hai nh ngha ca Ian Foster[1] v Rajkumar Buyya [2]. Hai nh ngha ny ng v gc k thut v nu ln cc cng ngh cng nh cc c im ni bt ca Cloud Computing. Cc m hnh v c im c bn ca Cloud Computing ti tham kho cc m hnh t Jinesh Varia[4], nhm Cloud Security Alliance[7] v mt s whitepaper ca Amazon[8][13]. Phn li ch v kh khn ca Cloud Computing ti tham kho cc phn tch ca Michael Armbrust[3], John W. Rittinghouse[5], Paul T. Jaeger[6], Katarina Stanoevska[11], Hamid R Motahari-Nezhad[19]. tng pht trin kt hp OpenID vi Cloud Computing n t m hnh MarketOriented Cloud Computing ca Rajkumar Buyya [2].

III. CLOUD COMPUTING: NH NGHA, TNH CHT V M HNH 3.1. nh ngha

Thut ng Cloud Computing ch mi xut hin gn y. Gia nm 2007, Amazon y mnh nghin cu v trin khai Cloud Computing. Ngay sau , vi s tham gia ca cc cng ty ln nh Microsoft, Google, IBM thc y Cloud Computing pht trin ngy cng mnh m. S pht trin mnh m ca Cloud Computing thu ht rt nhiu nh khoa hc, cc trng i hc v c cc cng ty cng ngh thng tin (IT) u t nghin cu. Rt nhiu chuyn gia a ra nh ngha ca mnh v Cloud Computing. Theo thng k ca tp ch Cloud Magazine th hin ti c hn 200 nh ngha khc nhau v Cloud Computing. Mi nhm nghin cu a ra nh ngha theo cch hiu, cch tip cn ca ring mnh nn rt kh tm mt nh ngha tng qut nht ca Cloud Computing. Di y l v d mt s nh ngha v Cloud Computing: - Cloud Computing l dch v IT c cung cp khng ph thuc vo v tr (The cloud is IT as a Service, delivered by IT resources that are independent of location [11] The 451 Group). - Cloud Computing cung cp cc ti nguyn IT c kh nng m rng v co gin, cc ti nguyn ny c cung cp dng dch v cho ngi dng thng qua mng Internet (Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided as a service across the Internet to multiple external customers[11] - Gartner). Nhng nh ngha trn c mt im chung: h c gng nh ngha Cloud Computing theo hng thng mi, t gc nhn ca ngi dng u cui. Theo , tnh nng ch yu ca Cloud Computing l cung cp c s h tng v cc ng dng v IT di dng dch v c kh nng m rng c. Tuy nhin, cc cng ty nh Gartner, IDC, Merrill Lynch, The 451 Group [11] khng phi l cc cng ty chuyn v IT cho nn nhng nh ngha ny tp trung vo gii thch Cloud Computing l nh th no v ch yu da trn kinh nghim ca cc cng ty ny.

Hnh 1. Cha c ci nhn kht qut v Cloud Computing

ng gc nhn khoa hc k thut cng c nhiu nh ngha khc nhau, trong c hai nh ngha ca Ian Foster v Rajkumar Buyya c dng kh ph bin v c nhiu im tng ng. Theo Ian Foster: Cloud Computing l mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin ln m hng theo co gin v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr, cc nn tng v cc dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh ng, s c phn phi theo nhu cu cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua Internet (A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet[1]). Theo Rajkumar Buyya: Cloud l mt loi h thng phn b v x l song gm cc my tnh o kt ni vi nhau v c cung cp ng cho ngi dng nh mt hoc nhiu ti nguyn ng nht da trn s tha thun dch v gia nh cung cp v ngi s dng. (A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualised computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers[2]).

Hnh 2. nh ngha Cloud Computing C hai nh ngha trn u nh ngha Cloud Computing l mt h phn b, cung cp cc dng ti nguyn o di dng dch v mt cch linh ng theo nhu cu ca ngi dng trn mi trng internet. Hay ta c th hiu mt cch n gin hn bng cc t kha ch yu sau: delivered over internet (web 2.0), resource on demand (scalable, elastic, usagebased costing), virtualised, everything as a service, location independent. Nhng phn tip theo s gii thch r hn v nhng t kha ny.

3.2. Tnh cht c bn ca Cloud Computing [7]

Cloud Computing c nm tnh cht ni bt so vi m hnh truyn thng.

Hnh 3. NIST Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition 3.2.1. T phc v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service) Mi khi c nhu cu, ngi dng ch cn gi yu cu thng qua trang web cung cp dch v, h thng ca nh cung cp s p ng yu cu ca ngi dng. Ngi dng c th t phc v yu cu ca mnh nh tng thi gian s dng server, tng dung lng lu tr m khng cn phi tng tc trc tip vi nh cung cp dch v, mi nhu cu v dch v u c x l trn mi trng web (internet). 3.2.2. Truy xut din rng (Broad network access) Cloud Computing cung cp cc dch v thng qua mi trng internet. Do , ngi dng c kt ni internet l c th s dng dch v. Hn na, Cloud Computing dng dch v nn khng i hi kh nng x l cao pha client, v vy ngi dng c th truy xut bng cc thit b di dng nh in thoi, PDA, laptop Vi Cloud Computing ngi dng khng cn b ph thuc v tr na, h c th truy xut dch v t bt k ni no, vo bt k lc no c kt ni internet. 3.2.3. Dng chung ti nguyn (Resource pooling) Ti nguyn ca nh cung cp dch v c dng chung, phc v cho nhiu ngi dng da trn m hnh multi-tenant. Trong m hnh multi-tenant, ti nguyn s c phn pht ng ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng. Khi nhu cu ca mt khch hng gim xung, th phn ti nguyn d tha s c tn dng phc v cho mt khch hng khc. V d nh khch hng A thu 10 CPU mi ngy t 7 gi n 11 gi, mt khch hng B thu 10 CPU tng t mi ngy t 13 gi n 17 gi th hai khch hng ny c th dng chung 10 CPU .

Hnh 4. Nhiu khch hng dng chung ti nguyn Cloud Computing da trn cng ngh o ha, nn cc ti nguyn da phn l ti nguyn o. Cc ti nguyn o ny s c cp pht ng theo s thay i nhu cu ca tng khch hng khc nhau. Nh nh cung cp dch v c th phc v nhiu khch hng hn so vi cch cp pht ti nguyn tnh truyn thng. 3.2.4. Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity) y l tch cht c bit nht, ni bt nht v quan trng nht ca Cloud Computing. l kh nng t ng m rng hoc thu nh h thng ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng. Khi nhu cu tng cao, h thng s t m rng bng cch thm ti nguyn vo. Khi nhu cu gim xung, h thng s t gim bt ti nguyn. V d: khch hng thu mt Server gm 10 CPU. Thng thng do c t truy cp nn ch cn 5 CPU l , khi h thng qun l ca nh cung cp dch v s t ngt bt 5 CPU d tha, khch hng khng phi tr ph cho nhng CPU d tha ny (nhng CPU ny s c cp pht cho cc khch hng khc c nhu cu). Khi lng truy cp tng cao, nhu cu tng ln th h thng qun l ca nh cung cp dch v s t gn thm CPU vo, nu nhu cu tng vt qu 10 CPU th khch hng phi tr ph cho phn vt mc theo tha thun vi nh cung cp. Kh nng co gin gip cho nh cung cp s dng ti nguyn hiu qu, tn dng trit ti nguyn d tha, phc v c nhiu khch hng. i vi ngi s dng dch v, kh nng co gin gip h gim chi ph do h ch tr ph cho nhng ti nguyn thc s dng. 3.2.5. iu tit dch v (Measured service) H thng Cloud Computing t ng kim sot v ti u ha vic s dng ti nguyn (dung lng lu tr, n v x l, bng thng). Lng ti nguyn s dng c th c theo di, kim sot v bo co mt cch minh bch cho c hai pha nh cung cp dch v v ngi s dng. 9

3.3. Cc m hnh Coud Computing

Cc m hnh Cloud Computing c phn thnh hai loi: - Cc m hnh dch v (Service Models): Phn loi cc dch v ca cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud Computing. - Cc m hnh trin khai (Deployment Models): Phn loi cch thc trin khai dch v Cloud Computing n vi khch hng. 3.3.1. M hnh dch v Hin ti c rt nhiu nh cung cp dch v Cloud Computing cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau. Tuy nhin c ba loi dch v Cloud Computing c bn l: dch v c s h tng (Infrastructure as a Service IaaS), dch v nn tng (Platform as a Service PaaS) v dch v phn mm (Software as a Service SaaS). Cch phn loi ny thng c gi l m hnh SPI.

Hnh 5. Cc loi dch v Cloud Computing 3.3.1.1. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS Trong loi dch v ny, khch hng c cung cp nhng ti nguyn my tnh c bn (nh b x l, dung lng lu tr, cc kt ni mng). Khch hng s ci h iu hnh, trin khai ng dng v c th ni cc thnh phn nh tng la v b cn bng ti. Nh cung cp dch v s qun l c s h tng c bn bn di, khch hng s phi qun l h iu hnh, lu tr, cc ng dng trin khai trn h thng, cc kt ni gia cc thnh phn. 3.3.1.2. Platform as a Service PaaS Nh cung cp dch v s cung cp mt nn tng (platform) cho khch hng. Khch hng s t pht trin ng dng ca mnh nh cc cng c v mi trng pht trin c cung cp hoc ci t cc ng dng sn c trn nn platform . Khch hng khng cn phi qun l hoc kim sot cc c s h tng bn di bao gm c mng, my ch, h iu hnh, lu tr, cc cng c, mi trng pht trin ng dng nhng qun l cc ng dng mnh ci t hoc pht trin. 3.3.1.3. Software as a Service SaaS y l m hnh dch v m trong nh cung cp dch v s cung cp cho khch hng mt phn mm dng dch v hon chnh. Khch hng ch cn la chn ng dng phn mm no ph hp vi nhu cu v chy ng dng trn c s h tng Cloud. M hnh ny gii phng ngi dng khi vic qun l h thng, c s h tng, h iu hnh tt c s do nh cung cp dch v qun l v kim sot m bo ng dng lun sn sng v hot ng n nh. 10

Hnh 6. M hnh SPI 3.3.2. M hnh trin khai Cho d s dng loi m hnh dch v no i na th cng c ba m hnh trin khai chnh l: Public Cloud, Private Cloud v Hybrid Cloud. 3.3.2.1. Public Cloud Cc dch v Cloud c nh cung cp dch v cung cp cho mi ngi s dng rng ri. Cc dch v c cung cp v qun l bi mt nh cung cp dch v v cc ng dng ca ngi dng u nm trn h thng Cloud. Ngi s dng dch v s c li l chi ph u t thp, gim thiu ri ro do nh cung cp dch v gnh vc nhim v qun l h thng, c s h tng, bo mt Mt li ch khc ca m hnh ny l cung cp kh nng co gin (m rng hoc thu nh) theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 7. M hnh Public Cloud

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Tuy nhin Public Cloud c mt tr ngi, l vn mt kim sot v d liu v vn an ton d liu. Trong m hnh ny mi d liu u nm trn dch v Cloud, do nh cung cp dch v Cloud bo v v qun l. Chnh iu ny khin cho khch hng, nht l cc cng ty ln cm thy khng an ton i vi nhng d liu quan trng ca mnh khi s dng dch v Cloud. 3.3.2.2. Private Cloud Trong m hnh Private Cloud, c s h tng v cc dch v c xy dng phc v cho mt t chc (doanh nghip) duy nht. iu ny gip cho doanh nghip c th kim sot ti a i vi d liu, bo mt v cht lng dch v. Doanh nghip s hu c s h tng v qun l cc ng dng c trin khai trn . Private Cloud c th c xy dng v qun l bi chnh i ng IT ca doanh nghip hoc c th thu mt nh cung cp dch v m nhim cng vic ny. Nh vy, mc d tn chi ph u t nhng Private Cloud li cung cp cho doanh nghip kh nng kim sot v qun l cht ch nhng d liu quan trng.

Hnh 8. Private Cloud v Public Cloud 3.3.2.3. Hybrid Cloud Nh chng ta phn tch trn, Public Cloud d p dng, chi ph thp nhng khng an ton. Ngc li, Private Cloud an ton hn nhng tn chi ph v kh p dng. Do nu kt hp c hai m hnh ny li vi nhau th s khai thc u im ca tng m hnh. l tng hnh thnh m hnh Hybrid Cloud.

Hnh 9. Kt hp Public Cloud v Private Cloud 12

Hybrid Cloud l s kt hp ca Public Cloud v Private Cloud. Trong doanh nghip s out-source cc chc nng nghip v v d liu khng quan trng, s dng cc dch v Public Cloud gii quyt v x l cc d liu ny. ng thi, doanh nghip s gi li cc chc nng nghip v v d liu ti quan trng trong tm kim sot (Private Cloud).

Hnh 10. Hybrid Cloud Mt kh khn khi p dng m hnh Hybrid Cloud l lm sao trin khai cng mt ng dng trn c hai pha Public v Private Cloud sao cho ng dng c th kt ni, trao i d liu hot ng mt cch hiu qu.

Hnh 11. Trin khai ng dng trn Hybrid Cloud

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Doanh nghip c th chn trin khai cc ng dng trn Public, Private hay Hybrid Cloud ty theo nhu cu c th. Mi m hnh u c im mnh v yu ca n. Cc doanh nghip phi cn nhc i vi cc m hnh Cloud Computing m h chn. V h c th s dng nhiu m hnh gii quyt cc vn khc nhau. Nhu cu v mt ng dng c tnh tm thi c th trin khai trn Public Cloud bi v n gip trnh vic phi mua thm thit b gii quyt mt nhu cu tm thi. Tng t, nhu cu v mt ng dng thng tr hoc mt ng dng c nhng yu cu c th v cht lng dch v hay v tr ca d liu th nn trin khai trn Private hoc Hybrid Cloud.

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IV. CLOUD COMPUTING: LI CH V KH KHN 4.1. Cloud c phi l gii php ti u cho cc doanh nghip?
iu ph thuc vo quy m ca cng ty, v tnh cht kinh doanh m doanh nghip theo ui. i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng m d liu ca cng ty mang tnh cht l sng cn trong vic kinh doanh th cng ty s xy dng nn mt h thng ring trong cng ty ca mnh vn hnh nh h thng lu tr ca cc ngn hng. Nhng i vi cc doanh nghip nh th Cloud c l l gii php ti u do h khng phi u t vo c s h tng v cng khng cn phi c phng qun l, bo tr vn hnh h thng (nh vn v vic thay th cc thit b lu tr, phi bo m nhit ca h thng lm vic tt, ngoi ra cn vn v nng lng tiu th ca h thng), v d liu ca cng ty th c l khng quan trng lm. Ngoi ra vi cc dch v PaaS, th vn ph thuc vo nn tng ca nh cung cp dch v l rt nhiu. V d vi Google v dch v Google App Engine th khi khch hnh pht trin mt ng dng trn th s ph thuc vo Google, v hin nay vn API cha c chun ha gia cc nh cung cp dch v theo dng ny trong Cloud Computing. V vy nu h thng ca Google c trc trc hay c vn khc. Nu nhng iu lm ng dng ca mnh khng chy c th ng dng ca mnh cng khng th chy ni khc v nn tng bn di m nh cung cp dch v che du v cng khng phi l m ngun m.

4.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca cloud computing

4.2.1. Tnh sn sng Hin nay, vic s dng cc dch v ca cloud computing lm cho ngi s dng lo lng n tnh sn sng ca dch v m h s dng. Nn y l mt l do c th lm cho ngi s dng ngi s dng cc dch v ca Cloud Computing. Nhng hin ti, nhng ngi s dng dch v ca Cloud Computing c th an tm v cht lng dch v. V d nh trong SaaS c dch v tm kim ca Google, hin ti khi ngi dng truy cp vo trang web s dng dch v tm kim ny th c th an tm rng mnh lun c p ng nu mnh truy cp khng c th c th l vn do kt ni ng truyn mng. Nm 2008, c mt cuc kho st v cht lng dch v th c hai hng hng u t cht lng phc v tt v tch sn sng ca dch v.

Hnh 12. Bng kho st cht lng dch v Ngoi ra s e da n tnh sn sng ca dch v cn nm ch, khi dch v b tn cng bng cch DDOS (distributed denial of service attacks).Vi kiu tn cng ny lm cho cc nh cung cp dch v tn mt khong tin ln i ph vi cch tn cng ny. 4.2.2. Data lock-in Hin nay cc phn mm c ci thin kh nng tng tc gia cc nn tng khc nhau, nhng cc hm API ca Cloud Computing vn cn mang tnh c quyn, cha c chun ha. Do khi mt khch hng vit mt ng dng trn mt nn tng do mt nh cung cp dch v th ng dng s ch c s dng trn cc dch , nu em ng dng 15

 qua mt nn tng khc do mt nh cung cp dch v khc cung cp th c th khng chy c. iu ny dn n ngi s dng ph thuc vo nh cung cp dch v. Ngoi ra nh cung cp dch v cng s tp trung hn pht trin dch v ca mnh phc v nhu cu ngi s dng tt hn. Ngoi ra vic s dng cc dch v ca cloud computing cng gy ra mt vn , khi d liu ca ngi s dng dch v lu tr trn h thng ca nh cung cp dch v th c iu g m bo cho ngi s dng l d liu ca mnh s an ton, khng b r r ra bn ngoi. Hin nay, v mt k thut th vn cha c cch no hiu qu gii quyt vn trn. iu ny dn n vic thc hin hay s dng thng xy ra i vi cc nh cung cp dch v c ting, uy tn. V d: thng 8 nm 2008 khi dch v lu tr d liu trc tuyn ca Linkup b hng, sau khi phc hi li h thng th pht hin ra mt 45% d liu ca khch hng. Sau s c ny th uy tn v doanh thu ca cng ty h xung. Khong 20.000 ngi dng dch v ca Linkup t b nh cung cp nay tm n mt nh cung cp dch v mi. V sau dch v ny phi da trn mt dch v lu tr trc tuyn khc tn ti l Nirvanix, v hin nay hai cng ty ny kt hp vi nhau trong vic cung cp dch v lu tr trc tuyn. T v d trn ta thy nu cc cc nh cung cp dch v c c ch chun ha cc API th cc nh pht trin dch v c th trin khai dch v trn nhiu nh cung cp dch v, khi mt nh cung cp dch v no b hng, th d liu ca cc nh pht trin khng mt ht m c th nm u trn cc nh cung cp dch v khc. Nu nh cch ny c cc nh cung cp dch v th hin th s dn n cuc cnh tranh v gi ca nh cung cp. Hai tham s nh hng n vic la chn mt dch v lc l: Tham s th nht l cht lng dch v tng xng vi gi m ngi s dng tr cho nh cung cp dch v. Hin nay c mt s nh cung cp dch v c gi cao gp 10 ln so vi cc nh cung cp khc, nhng nu n c cht lng tt cng thm cc tnh nng h tr ngi dng nh: tnh d dng, mt s tnh nng ph khc Tham s th hai, ngoi vic gim nh data lock in, th vic chun ha cc API s dn n mt m hnh mi: c s h tng cng phn mm c th chy trn private cloud hay public cloud. 4.2.3. Bo mt v kim tra d liu Nh phn tch phn trc , khi a d liu ln cloud th mt cu hi t ra l: d liu ca mnh c an ton khng? Do cc d liu nhy cm ca cc cng ty thng khng ln cloud lu tr. Vic d liu ln s lm cho kh nng b nhiu khc truy xut hn. V vn ny ang l mt thch thc thc s i vi cng ngh hin i trong vic vic bo mt d liu. Hin nay c mt gii pht l nhng ngi dng dch v Cloud phi m ha d liu trc khi a ln h thng cloud, v khi mun s dng d liu ny th phi thc hin cng vic gii m ny my local. V d vic m ha d liu trc khi a ln cloud s bo mt hn so vi em d liu ln cloud m khng c m ha. M hnh ny c nhng thnh cng nht nh i vi i vi vic s dng TC3, y l cng ty v chm sc sc khe (cng ty ny s dng h thng TC3), d liu ca h l nhng thng tin nhy cm ( d liu ca h ch yu l v cc thng tin bnh ca cc bnh nhn). Ngoi ra, cn c th thm vo vic ghi nhn li cc thng tin m h thng lm, v s dng cc h iu hnh o khi cung cp dch v IaaS s lm cho ng dng ca mnh kh b tn cng hn. Vic bo mt d liu ngoi cc vn v k thut th n cn lin quan n cc vn khc nh con ngi, cc o lut Vic s dng cc lut bo v ngi s dng dch v cloud khi h a d liu ca mnh lu tr trn Cloud, th cc nh cung cp dch v phi bo m d liu ca khch hng khng b r r ra bn ngoi.

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Thm vo cc nh cung cp dch v SaaS cn cung cp cho ngi dng c ch la chn v tr m ngi dng mun lu tr d liu ca mnh. V d: Amazon cung cp dch S3, khi s dng dch v ny ngi dng c th lu tr d liu vt l ca mnh chu u hay M. 4.2.4. Vic gy ra thc c trai trong vic truyn d liu i vi cc ng dng, m lc u ng dng bt u chy thng th d liu t, v cng v sau th d liu cng nhiu. V ngoi ra c th c ng dng chy trn Cloud m d liu c th lu cc v tr khc nhau. Khi lc ng dng ny chy c th dn n vic vn chuyn gia cc d liu (vic vn chuyn d liu gia cc data center). Hin nay gi ca vic vn chuyn d liu l 100$ n 150$ cho mi terabyte vn chuyn. Khi ng dng chy cng v sau th chi ph ny c th cng tng ln, lm cho chi ph truyn ti d liu l mt vn quan trng trong chi ph vn hnh ng dng. V vn ny cng c cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud v nhng ngi s dng Cloud suy ngh n. V vn ny c gii quyt trong dch v Cloudfront m cng ty Amazon pht trin. 4.2.5. Kh tin on trong hiu sut thc thi ca my tnh Khi nhiu my o chy cng chy, th vn chia s v CPU hay b nh t hiu qu cao, nhng vn giao tip IO ca cc my o ny gy ra nhiu vn v hiu sut.

Hnh 13. Biu so snh hiu xut chy 72 my o trn EC2 gia cc my chia s b nh (a) v my chia s cng (b) gim nh hng ca vic truy xut vo cng. Ta c th dng flash hn ch trong gim hiu sut ny. 4.2.6. p ng nhu cu kh nng lu tr ca ngi dng y l mt tnh nng kh tt ca Cloud Computing, phc v theo nhu cu ngi dng: khi ngi dng mun m rng kh nng lu tr do nhu cu tng ln th h thng c nhim v cung cp dung lng cho ngi s dng, khi ngi dng mun gim kh nng lu tr th h thng c nhim v thu hi dung lng cp cho ngi s dng. iu ny gy ra kh khn trong vic qun l h thng lu tr (khi mt ngi s dng mua mt khong dung lng th phi cung cp cho ngi bao nhiu? va cho ngi s dng yu cu hay nhiu hn yu cu?), tng phc tp cu trc d liu (cu trc d 17

liu lm sao h tr vn lu tr, vn duyt, vn m rng...), hiu sut truy xut d liu trong cng khng cao (nu phc v nhu cu ca ngi s dng th h thng lu tr ca mnh c th d b hin tng phn mnh trong lu tr). iu ny dn n vn nghin cu to ra mt h thng lu tr sao cho tin li trong phc v nhu cu kh nng lu tr ca ngi s dng. 4.2.7. Kh nng t co gin ca h thng Hin nay, Google trin khai platform Google App Engine gip cc developer pht trin web application. Khi ngi s dng dng dch v ny ca Google khi trin khai ng dng, nu ng dng ca mnh s dng ht ti nguyn mua ca Google nu mnh chn mc mua d liu (Google cn cung cp thm mt mc l s dng min ph khng c chc nng ny) th khi google t ng cung cp thm ti nguyn (dung lng lu tr, s clock m CPU chy cho ng dng) cho ng dng ta chy ng thi tnh thm tin cn. y cng l mt thch thc trong vic nhn ra khi no ti nguyn ngi s dng dng mc qu hn v cung cp thm ti nguyn ngi dng (y l vn cn thit nu nh cung cp dch v khng cung cp kp ti nguyn th h thng ngi dng trin khai trn nn tng ca nh cung cp dch v c th gy ra tnh trng hng). Ngoi ra nu gii quyt c bi ton t co gin ti nguyn ca ngi s dng thu th nh cung cp dch v cng s tit kim c mt khong tin. Theo nghin cu ca ca trng i hc California th khi mt h thng hot ng trng thi hot ng nhiu nht, cng ch s dng 2/3 cng sut ca h thng. Vy nu gii quyt tt th khi nh cung cp dch v cho thu 2 my, c th iu chnh hiu sut ca 2 my ny t hiu qu hn. Gi s h thng ta c th cung cp 100%, gi s rng ta cho 2 ngi dng thu ti nguyn v c 2 khng bao gi s dng ti nguyn ny ht 100%. Nu bi ton co gin ti nguyn c gii quyt th ta c th bn 100% h thng ca ta cho 2 ngi s dng ny. 4.2.8. Bn quyn phn mm Hin ti cc my tnh nu khng c phn mm th my tnh cng ch l cc linh kin khng c kh nng hot ng tt. Nu my tnh c thm cc phn mm th cc my tnh s hot ng ht tt c kh nng ca n. Nhng bn quyn phn mm cng l mt vn i vi cc nh cung cp dch v v nhng ngi s dng dch v in ton m my, ngoi ra cn tin vn hnh v bo tr phn mm. V d: theo nh hng SAP cng b th chi ph bo tr vn hnh phn mm hng nm chm t nht 22% gi tr ca phn mm. y cng l c hi cho s pht trin ca cc phn mm m ngun m cng nh cch tnh ph ca cc phn mm m ngun ng, v d ging nh nh cung cp Amazone v Microsoft c s kt hp vi nhau trong phc v khch hng, v cch tnh ph phn mm v vic s dng dch v EC2 ca ngi s dng. Nu khch hng dng EC2 chy cc phn mm c bn quyn ca Microsoft nh Window Server hay Window SQL Server th b tnh ph l 0,15$ cn ngc li nu dng dch v EC2 m s dng phn mm m ngun m th ch phi tr 0,1$.

4.3. Li ch ca Cloud Computing i vi doanh nghip[4]

u vit ca Cloud Computing so vi nhng cng ngh c trc l n cho php ngi dng mt kh nng s dng ti nguyn hiu qu, vi chi ph thp, ngi dng ch tr chi ph cho nh cung cp nhng g s dng. 4.3.1. Gim chi ph Khi doanh nghip s dng dch v Cloud Computing, c bit l Public Cloud, th chi ph u t ban u rt thp. Nu doanh nghip t xy dng mt h thng quy m ln cho mnh th chi ph u t rt ln (mua phn cng, qun l ngun in, h thng lm mt,

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ngun nhn lc vn hnh h thng). V cc d n tn km nh vy thng cn rt nhiu thi gian c ph chun. Vic xy dng mt h thng nh vy cng i hi nhiu thi gian. Gi y, nh Cloud Computing, mi th c nh cung cp dch v chun b sn sng, doanh nghip ch cn thu l c th s dng c ngay m khng phi tn chi ph u t ban u.

Hnh 14. Cloud Computing gip doanh nghip gim chi ph u t Mt yu t gip gim chi ph na l khch hng ch tr ph cho nhng g h tht s dng (Usage-based costing). Vi nhng ti nguyn thu nhng cha dng n (do nhu cu thp) th khch hng khng phi tr tin. y tht s l mt li ch rt ln i vi doanh nghip khi s dng dch v Cloud Computing. 4.3.2. S dng ti nguyn hiu qu hn Nh kh nng co gin (elasticity) nn ti nguyn lun c s dng mt cch hp l nht, theo ng nhu cu ca khch hng, khng b lng ph hay d tha. i vi nh cung cp dch v, cng ngh o ha gip cho vic khai thc ti nguyn vt l hiu qu hn, phc v nhiu khch hng hn. Mt yu t khc nh hng n vic s dng ti nguyn l cch gn (cp pht) ti nguyn cho khch hng. Cc m hnh truyn thng hin thc cp pht ti nguyn theo kiu single-tenant: mt ti nguyn c cp pht tnh trc tip cho mt khch hng, nh vy mt ti nguyn ch c th phc v cho mt khch hng d cho khch hng c nhng lc khng c nhu cu s dng th ti nguyn s trng thi rnh, d tha ch khng c thu hi li.

Hnh 15. Single-tenant

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Cloud Computing hin thc vic phn phi ti nguyn theo kiu multi-tenant: mt ti nguyn c th c cp pht ng cho nhiu khch hng khc nhau, cc khch hng ny s lun phin s dng ti nguyn c cp pht chung. Vi m hnh multi-tenant, mt ti nguyn c th phc v cho nhiu khch hng khc nhau. Nh vy khi khch hng khng c nhu cu, ti nguyn rnh s c h thng thu hi li v cp pht cho khch hng khc c nhu cu.

Hnh 16. Multi-tenant 4.1.3. Tnh linh hot Nh kh nng co gin m Cloud Computing cung cp, h thng ca khch hng c kh nng m rng hoc thu nh mt cch linh hot ty theo nhu cu c th. Doanh ghip c th khi u vi quy m nh, nhu cu thp nhng sau pht trin m rng quy m vi nhu cu tng cao. Cc dch v Cloud Computing c th c truy xut bt k u, bt k lc no thng qua mng internet. Khch hng c th la chn nh cung cp dch v no p ng tt nht cho nhu cu ca mnh vi gi c v cht lng dch v hp l nht. Vi Cloud Computing, doanh nghip s chuyn hu ht trch nhim v kim sot h thng, qun l h tng, bo mt, m bo cht lng dch v cho nh cung cp dch v. Khi doanh nghip s gim rt nhiu chi ph v ch tp trung vo nhim v chnh l kinh doanh, khng phi bn tm nhiu n vic qun l, kim sot h thng.

V. S KHC NHAU GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID COMPUTING

S khc nhau gia Grid Computing v Cloud Computing Grid computing Cloud computing Sc mnh tnh ton Tnh ton mnh hn Grid S dng kh nng tnh Computing; s dng kh ton trong ni b ca nng tnh ton ca internet Cloud.

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Lu tr

Tc truyn d liu (trao i cc resource trong lc thc thi)

Lu tr nhiu hn Cloud Computing; dng cc giao thc tm kim cc ti nguyn thch hp trn mng lu tr. Tc chm hn Cloud Computing; tc ca ng truyn s dng ng truyn internet, tc thng l mega byte.

Kh nng lu tr t hn Grid Computing; dng cc data center trong vic lu tr Nhanh hn Grid Computing, vic trao i resource thng thc hin bng ng truyn ni b, c xy dng kt ni gia cc data center. Tc c th ln n hng giga byte. C kh nng m rng, co li d dng v nhanh (theo nhu cu s dng). V d: nu trong mt thi im ang c 10 my nhng mun c 20 my th Cloud Computing c th cung cp, hoc mun gim xung ch s dng cn 5 my; Cloud h tr cho vic ny nhanh chng. Ch yu hng ti thng mi, quan tm n vic phc v nhu cu ca khch hng thng qua vic cung cp cc dch v theo nhu cu ca khch hng. Cung cp resource theo dng unified resource, ngi dng c php cu hnh resource theo nhu cu ca ngi s dng.

Kh nng m rng

C kh nng m rng. Vic m rng c thc hin trn ng truyn internet (khi c nh cu s dng thm resource th h thng s tm trn mng xem hin c resource no p ng nhu cu ca mnh ph hp khng). Ch yu hng ti khoa hc.

Phm vi

Resource

Vic s dng resource thng qua vic tm kim cc resource trn internet, ngi dng khng th cu hnh ti nguyn theo mun ca ngi dng.

Hnh 17. Bng so snh Cloud Computing v Gird Computing

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VI. KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI 6.1. Kt lun
Cloud Computing l mt m hnh hon ton mi, c nhiu u im so vi cc m hnh truyn thng nhng ng thi cng i mt vi nhng kh khn thch thc mi. Cloud Computing ang pht trin rt mnh m v si ni nh mt tro lu mi, cc cng ty cung cp dch v Cloud u t nghin cu v pht trin nng cao cht lng dch v ca mnh. c im ni bt ca Cloud Computing chnh l kh nng co gin linh hot, s tin li v gim ti a chi ph cho ngi dng. Cc cng ngh gip hin thc Cloud Computing l web 2.0, o ha (virtualization) v cung cp mi th di dng dch v (everything as a service). Tuy cn nhng e ngi v vn bo mt, tnh tin cy i vi nh cung cp dch v nhng khng th ph nhn nhng li ch to ln m Cloud Computing mang li, c bit l i vi nhng doanh nghip va v nh. Hn na trong tnh trng khng hong kinh t ton cu hin nay, vic ct gim nhn lc, gim chi ph l yu cu sng cn ca nhiu doanh nghip. Trong hon cnh , Cloud Computing c th tr thnh cu cnh ca cc doanh nghip trong vn gim chi ph u t cho h thng, c s h tng v gim chi ph cho nhn lc IT. Theo nhiu chuyn gia v doanh nghip tng s dng dch v Cloud Computing, d cng ty ca bn quy m ln hay nh, bn cng nn th dng dch v Cloud Computing, nu khng c th doanh nghip ca bn s b l mt c hi kinh doanh trong tng lai.

6.2. Hng pht trin ca ti

Hin ti, cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud Computing cung cp cc dch v ca ring mnh, khng hp tc vi nhau. Nhng khch hng thng c nhu cu s dng nhiu dch v ca nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau. Vn ny sinh lc ny l lm sao cc dch v ny c th kt hp hot ng, tng thch c vi nhau v lm sao gim thao tc ng k, tng tc gia khch hng vi cc nh cung cp dch v. Vn tng thch c th gii quyt bng cch a ra cc chun chung gia cc nh cung cp dch v. Hin nay, cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai mt s chun vo cc dch v ca mnh nh SAML, TSL, XMPP (tham kho ti liu [5], chng 7: Common Standards in Cloud Computing, trang 183-212). Trong phn tip theo, ti xut mt gii php gii quyt vn th hai. Phng php ca ti l xy dng mt m hnh kt hp OpenID vo Cloud Computing nhm gip cho khch hng ch cn ng k mt ti khon vi mt nh cung cp dch v l c th dng ti khon s dng cc dch v ca nhng nh cung cp khc c h tr OpenID . 6.2.1. OpenID[14][15] OpenID l mt h thng ng nhp mt ln khng c tnh tp trung. i vi nhng trang web c s dng OpenID th ngi s dng khng cn phi nh cc thng tin v username v password cho ring trang na. Thay vo h ch cn ng k trc mt ti khon OpenID ti mt trong nhng nh cung cp OpenID, hay thng gi l i-broker. Bn khng cn phi to ti khon mi ti cc trang web khc, bn ch cn bo cho trang web bit OpenID ca bn l g. Khi bn dng OpenID ng nhp mt trang web th trang web s lin h vi nh cung cp OpenID ly thng tin v ti khon ca bn. Do OpenID khng mang tnh tp trung nn bt k trang web no cng c th s dng c OpenID nh l mt cch ng nhp cho ngi dng.

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Site Google Yahoo!

URL Format https://www.google.com/accounts/ o8/id me.yahoo.com

Microsoft LiveJournal MySpace WordPress Blogger Verisign

accountservices.passport.net/ username.livejournal.com myspace.com/username username.wordpress.com username.blogger.com blogid.blogspot.com username.pip.verisignlabs.com

Comments Google does not require the username to be passed in the openID string. Yahoo! began allowing their usernames to be used as openIDs beginning January 31, 2008. Yahoo! does not require the username be passed in the openID string. Windows Live ID LiveJournal supports OpenID as both a provider and a relying party.

Verisign offers a secure OpenID service, with two-factor authentication, which they call "Personal Identity Provider"

Typepad MyOpenID Google Profile Orange

blogname.typepad.com username.myopenid.com google.com/profiles/username openid.orange.fr/username or just orange.fr/

Launchpad

launchpad.net/~username

Offers OpenIDs to their 40 million broadband subscribers, and accepts OpenID to allow non subscriber users to access a subset of services. See https://help.launchpad.net/Your Account/OpenID for details.

Hnh 18. Mt s nh cung cp OpenID[15] 6.2.2. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID Hin nay, khch hng mun s dng dch v ca mt nh cung cp th phi ng k ti khon vi nh cung cp . Khi mun dng nhiu dch v ca nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau, khch hng phi ng k nhiu ti khon khc nhau. Vic ny i khi dn n nhng vn phin phc, gy kh chu cho khch hng, tn thi gian, kh qun l ti khon. Nu cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud bt tay vi nhau, cng chia s thng tin xc thc ti khon ca khch hng th khi khch hng ch cn ng k mt ti khon l c th s dng c cc dch v ca nhng nh cung cp khc nhau.

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Hnh 19. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID Xa hn na, nu chng ta c th to ra mt ni tng t nh mt siu th (marketplace[2]), ni m khch hng ch cn ng k mt ln sau c th s dng tt c nhng dch v c trn . Cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud s k gi cc dch v ca mnh ln market-place, khi khch hng s dng dch v th h thng qun l ca marketplace s t ng thay mt khch hng tha thun vi nh cung cp dch v Cloud. y l hng pht trin chnh ca ti trong giai on tip theo: xy dng h thng qun l t ng cho market-place.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, Ioan Raicu, Shiyong Lu, Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared, Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008. [2] Rajkumar Buyya, Chee Shin Yeo, and Srikumar Venugopal, Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities, International Conference on High Performance Computing, 2008. [3] Michael Armbrust et al, Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley, Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28, http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.html, February 2009. [4] Jinesh Varia, Architecting for the Cloud: Best Practices, Amazon, May 2010. [5] John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing Implementation, Management and Security, CRC Press, 2010. [6] Paul T. Jaeger, Jimmy Lin, Justin M. Grimes, Cloud Computing and Information Policy: Computing in a Policy Cloud?, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, May 2010. [7] Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1, Cloud Security Alliance, December 2009. [8] Security Best Practices, Amazon, January 2010. [9] Introduction to Cloud computing White paper, Sun Microsystems, June 2009. [10] Lewis Cunningham, Cloud Computing with Amazon and Oracle, 2008. [11] Katarina Stanoevska et al, Grid and Cloud Computing: A Business Perspective on Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-642-0, 2010. [12] SaleForce Cloud Computing, http://www.salesforce.com/cloudcomputing/ [13] Amazon Web Service EC2, http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ [14] OpenID Foundation website, http://openid.net/ [15] OpenID wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenID [16] Forrester Research, http://www.forrester.com/rb/search/results.jsp?N=71766 [17] PCWorld Vietnam, http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/lam-thenao/2010/05/1219140/dien-toan-may-cho-doanh-nghiep/ [18] Google App Engine, http://code.google.com/appengine/

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[19] Hamid R Motahari-Nezhad et al, Outsourcing Business to Cloud Computing Services: Opportunities and Challenges, HP Laboratories, HPL-2009-23, 2009.

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