Could

Genel anlamda gemite bir yetenek veya bir olanak gsterir. zin ve istek ifade eder. Ortada olmayan birtakm koullara bal yetenek ve kapasite ifade etmek iin kullanldnda COULD, imdiki, gelecek ve gemi zamanlan gsterir. a) Gemie ait bir yetenek veya olanaktan sz ediliyorsa olur. Example: He could run very fast when he was young. (Genken ok hzl koabilirdi.)

b) Bir aba harcand halde sz konusu iin baarlamadn belirtmek iin COULDN'T yardmcs tercih edilir. Example: I tried hard but I couldn't-repair that car. (ok aba harcadm, ama u arabay onaramadm.) d) Karlan yada bilinli olarak kullanlmayan bir olanaktan sz etmek iin COULD yardmcs kullanlr. Cmlenin olumlu yapsna karn anlam olumsuzdur. Example: 1 He could have helped me. (Bana yardm edebilirdi.) (Ama etmedi.) 2 I could see him. (Onu grebilirdim.) (Ama grmedim.) c) Verilmi bir izinden sz etmek veya bir izin ve istek belirtmek iin de COULD yardmcs kullanlr. Example: 1 I could use his car any time I needed. (Gereksinim duyduum her zaman arabasn kullanabilirdim.) 2 Could I use your pen for a moment, please? (Kaleminizi bir dakika kullanabilir miyim?) A (Gemite yetenek-olanak): Example: 1 I could swim quite a long distance when I was 20 years old. (Yirmi yandayken olduka uzun bir mesafe yzebiliyordum.) 2 We could visit each other very often when we lived in the same town. (Ayn ehirde yaadmz zaman,, birbirimizi ok sk ziyaret edebiliyorduk.) 3 What could (were) you (able to) buy with that money ten years ago? (On yl nce bu parayla ne satn alabilirdiniz?) 4 He could play the piano when he was a child. (ocukken piyano alabiliyordu.) 5 When I was young, I could play football. (Genken futbol oynayabilirdim.)

NOT: Bir aba harcandktan sonra olumlu bir sonuca ulaldn belirten cmlelerde COULD yardmcsn kullanmak olana yoktur. Fakat olumsuz bir sonu iin durum deiir ve COULDN'T tercih edilir. C (Baaramamak):

I He She COULDN'T We You They

Example: 1 We couldn't help the. poor man. (Zavall adama yardm edemedik.) 2 I'm afraid they couldn't find our address. (Korkarm adresimizi bulamadlar.) 3 I couldn't open the door. (Kapy aamadm.) D (Yararlanlamayan olanak):

pass the test

I He She We You They

Yukardaki tabloda da grlecei gibi karlan veya kullanlmayan bir olanaktan iki biimde sz edebiliyoruz. COULD + VERByaps daha ziyade imdiki zamana ait bir durumdan, COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLES yaps ise gemi zamana ait bir durumdan sz ederken kullanlr. Example: 1 He could be here at the moment. (u anda burada olabilirdi.) (Ama bilmediimiz bir nedenle yok.) 2 You could read that book while waiting in the gas queue. (Gaz kuyruunda beklerken o kitab okuyabilirdiniz.) 3 Husbands could learn a foreign language while,waiting for their wives to be ready. (Hanmlarnn hazrlanmasn beklerken beyler yabanc bir dil renebilirlerdi.) 4 We could have gone for a picnic with you. (Sizinle piknie gidebilirdik.) 5 You could have told me the news on the telephone. (Telefonda haberi bana syleyebilirdiniz.)

COULD (COULD HAVE)

buy that car (bought) V3

E (Kibar istek - izin): COULD yardmcsn kullanarak kibar izin ve istekte bulunabiliriz. Ayn amala kullanlan CAN ve MAY den bir bakma daha resm ve daha kibar anlam tayan cmleler oluturabiliriz. Verilmi bir izinden sz ederken de COULD yardmcsn kullanabiliriz. Example: 1 Could I borrow your book please? (Kitabnz dn alabilir miyim, ltfen?) 2 Could she come with us, please? (Bizimle gelebilir mi?) 3 Could you read this letter for me please? (Bu mektubu bana okuyabilirmisiniz liitfen?) 4 They could stay with us as long as they wanted. (stedikleri kadar yanmzda kalabilirlerdi.) 5 I could drive his car whenever I wanted. (stediim her zaman arabasn kullanabilir, dim.) G (Gemi zamanda geree uymayan olanakszlk): COULD + HAVE + VERB (past participle) Conditional Perfect diye bilinen bu yap herhangi bir nedenle kullanlamayan, gemie ait bir yetenei veya bir olana ifade eder. IF cmlelerinin III. tipinde (TYPE III -unreal past) grlr. Example: 1 He could have passed the test if he had studied harder. (Daha ok alm olsayd, imtihan vermi olabilirdi.) 2 He could have bought that house if you had informed him in time. (Vaktinde kendisine haber vermi olsaydnz, o evi satn alm olabilirdi.) 3 We could have bought that car, if we hadn't spent all our money. (Tm paramz harcamam olsaydk, o arabay satn alm olabilirdik.) EXERCISES Aadaki cmleleri COULD kullanarak yeniden yaznz ve anlamlarn karlatrnz: Example: Do I see you again? Could I see you again? 1 - Do you find my book, please? 2 - We didn't swim. The water was very cold. 3 - He didn't see clearly. There was heavy fog. 4 - If you told me earlier, I sent you a doctor. 5 Are you coming tomorrow night? 6 Do you help me to choose a birthday present for my friend 7 That coffee was too cold. I didn't drink it. 8 The examination was very difficult. Nobody passed. 9 I had a problem with my car. I didn't arrive on time. 10 There was a noise. We didn't hear him clearly. D COULD modal yardmcsnn yetenek (ability) bildiren cmlelerde ounlukla yaplamam ileri anlatmak iin kullanldn hatrlayarak aadaki cmleleri tamamlaynz: Example:

It was a very difficult test. We ............pass it. It was a very difficult test. We couldn't pass it. 1 The weather was very cold. He .............; go out last night. 2 We were in a hurry. We ............ wait for him. 3 He went to bed late last night. He............get up early this morning. 4 They didn't" have enough money. They ............... buy that car.

5 I had an accident. I ............... come to the wedding party. 6 She was ill all day yesterday. She ............... cook anything. 7 She spoke in a different language. We ............... understand him. 8 All the tickets were sold. I ...... ........ buy any for the theatre. 9 My watch was slow yesterday. I ............... catch the8 o'clock train. 10 He was very busy last week. He ...............help us.