Gii thiu

CircuitMaker l mt phn mm thn thin, d s dng m phng mch. c bit l m phng mch s. Nhng ngi bt u tm hiu th gii s cng nh cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc ny u tm thy cc cng c hu ch trong phn mm CircuitMaker T ngha , ti liu ny c bin son nhm cung cp cho nhng ngi mi bt u nhng kin thc cn bn nht c th nhanh chng lm ch c phn mm CircuitMaker. Ti liu c bin son gm ba phn: phn u, GII THIU s gii thiu mt s khi nim cn bn, cc phm nng; phn th hai, V V CHNH SA MCH NGUYN L s hng dn cch v mch nguyn l trong CircuitMaker; phn th ba, M PHNG MCH S s hng dn cch thc hin m phng mch nguyn l v. gip ti liu tt hn mong nhn c cc kin ng gp t cc bn c. Mi kin ng gp v ni dung, hnh thc trnh by, b cc ca ti liu xin vui lng gi qua e-mail:
Trn Hong H: Bi Vn Hiu: hoangha@dit.hcmut.edu.vn bvhieu@dit.hcmut.edu.vn

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M u
Phn ny cung cp nhng kin thc c bn v CircuitMaker nh: mi trng lm vic , quy trnh s dng. y l nhng kin thc c bn c th thit k mch cng nh l m phng mch trn mi trng CircuitMaker.

CircuitMaker l g
CircuitMaker l mt chng trnh cho php ngi dng nhanh chng lp rp th nghim v m phng cc mch s mc logic cng nh cc mch tng t. ng thi cng h tr vic xut ra file netlist v mch in. Trong phn hng dn s dng ny tp trung vo vic lp rp v m phng mch s.

Mi trng lm vic CircuitMaker

Mi trng CircuitMaker bao gm Title Bar, Menu Bar, Toolbar, Status Bar, Panel, Schematic Window v Analysis Window nh hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.1: Mi trng lm vic ca CircuitMaker

Ngoi nhng menu cn bn nh Title Bar, Menu Bar, Status Bar cc thnh phn cn li c ngha nh sau. Panel: gm ba tab, Browse, Search, Digital dng tm kim cc thit b phc v cho vic rp mch v m phng, thit lp cc thng s cho m phng s. Schematic Window: ca s son tho, trn ta s thc hin v mch. Analysis Window: ca s hin th cc kt qu o c nh p, dng, dng sng Hai ca s Schematic v Window c th c hoc khng ty theo ta thay i, c th s trnh by trong phn m phng mch s.

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Sau khi t cc linh kin ng v tr, tip theo ni chng li bng dy dn. Mch sau khi ni dy cho php m phng, kim tra bng cc cng c m phng ca CircuitMaker.

Cc file ca CircuitMaker
CircuitMaker gm nhiu file s dng cho cc mc ch ring vi cc phn ui nh sau. .CKT Mch nguyn l .DAT File d liu (phm nng; c t k thut ca cc thit b) .MOD File lu tr ch hot ng .LIB Th vin cc thit b. .SUB File cc mch con .SDF Dng sng m t file setup.

Quy trnh s dng CircuitMaker

Vic s dng CircuitMaker c th chia lm su bc nh sau 1. Chn cc thit b cn thit (in tr, t, IC ) v a ln bn v 2. Sp xp cc thit b ny cho hp l 3. Thit lp cc thng s ca thit b ( tr, ni dung ROM) 4. Xa hoc thm cc thit b ty theo yu cu 5. Ni dy 6. M phng v kim tra mch v

Toolbar ca CircuitMaker
C th thc hin cc chc nng ca CircuitMaker bng cc nt nhn trn thanh Toolbar nm pha trn ca vng lm vic. Toolbar gm c cc thnh phn nh hnh 1.2

Hnh 1.2: Tool bar ca CircuitMaker

Chc nng ca cc cng c ny c gii thiu bng 1. Chc nng chi tit s c trnh by cc phn sau. -2-

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Panel New Open Save Print Arrow tool Wire tool Text tool Delete tool Probe tool Zoom tool Fit to window Bt tt ca s panel To bn v mi M bn v lu Lu bn v In bn v Chn, di chuyn cc thnh phn V dy ni, bus Chn on vn bn Xa mt thnh phn o tn hiu Phng to thu nh bn v Hin ton b bn v trn ca s

Hng dn s dng CircuitMaker 2000

Rotate Mirror Traxmaker Help Reset Analyses setup Run analog Trace digital Run digital Step digital Tile windows Xoay thit b Lt thit b To netlist v chy traxmaker Tr gip Khi ng li qu trnh m phng Thit lp thng s phn tch Chy, dng m phng tng t Hin th gi tr s ca dy dn Chy, dng m phng s Chy mt bc m phng s Chn cch hin th cc ca s

Bng 1: Chc nng ca Toolbar

Phm nng (hotkeys)

CircuitMaker cung cp cc phm nng c lit k trong bng 2. ng thi cng cho php ngi dng nh ngha ti a su mi hai phm nng ly cc thit b thng s dng, chi tit s c trnh by phn V v chnh sa mch nguyn l.
Ctrl+A Ctrl+C Ctrl+D Ctrl+F Ctrl+K Ctrl+L Ctrl+M Ctrl+N Ctrl+O Ctrl+P Ctrl+Q Ctrl+R Ctrl+S Ctrl+V F1 F2 Chn tt c Copy Nhn i thit b Tm thnh phn Hin th thng s thit b Hin th thng s bn v Lt thit b To bn v mi M bn v lu In bn v Khi ng li m phng Xoay thit b Lu bn v Paste Tr gip Thay i t l hin th F3 F4 F5 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 Esc Page Up Page Down Delete Home Arrow Keys Shift+Insert Hin th t l bnh thng Hin th ton b bn v Thay i thng s bn v V li mn hnh Thit lp phn tch M phng s mt bc Chy dng m phng Hin th gi tr s B qua thao tc ang lm Phng to bn v Thu nh bn v Xa thnh phn ang chn V tr trung tm l v tr con tr Di chuyn thit b ang chn Di chuyn mt nhm thit b

Bng 2: Cc phm nng ca CircuitMaker

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V v chnh sa mch nguyn l

CircuitMaker cung cp nhiu cng c mnh m cho php v v chnh sa mch nguyn l nhanh chng v d dng. Phn ny s cung cp kin thc v cc cng c v v chnh sa mch nguyn l.

Tm v t cc thit b
CircuitMaker cung cp th vin hng ngn cc thit b (c th tham kho hng dn s dng cc thit b c thm thng tin). Ta c th ly cc thit b bng cch dng tab Browse hay tab Search trong ca s Panel hay s dng phm tt.

Tab Browse
Ta c th la chon cc thit b thng qua tab browse. Cc thit b c chia theo dng cy phn cp. tm mt thit b cn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Chn tab Browse trong panel. 2. La chn cc thit b bng cch chn theo cy phn lp (c th chn theo tn, theo chc nng). 3. Nhn p chut chn thit b a vo vng v. Thit b s theo con tr chut cho n khi no nhn chut tri. Trong khi ang ko thit b bn c th quay (nhn phm R) hay lt ngc (nhn phm M) thit b.

Tab Search
Tab ny cho php ta tm kim cc thit b tha iu kin tm kim ca ta. iu kin ny l tn thit b hoc phn m t chc nng thit b c cha cc k t ta tm kim. C th dng cc k t i din nh *. V d tm kim 74* l tm tt c IC h 74.

Hnh 2.1: Tab Browse v Tab Search

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Thit lp phm nng

Ngoi ra ta cng c th chn thit b trc tip bng phm nng. gn phm nng cho mt thit b ta thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Chn tab Browse trong Panel, sau tm thit b m ta mun gn phm nng cho n. 2. Nhn vo nt Hotkey, hp thoi qun l cc phm nng s xut hin, tt c cc phm nng xp theo th t alphabet cng vi cc thit b tng ng c gn vi n. 3. Tm phm tt no m ta mun gn cho thit b ang chn v chn Assign.

Thay i phm nng.

thay i phm nng ta lm nhng bc nh sau: 1. Thc hin cc bc 1 v 2 nh trn. 2. Gn mt thit b mi. Hay gn rng ( trn u ca cc thit b) nh l phm nng.

Hnh 2.2: Hp thoi qun l phm nng

t thit b vo trong bn v
Sau khi tm thy thit b, ta c th t chng vo trong bn v. t mt thit b ta lm theo cc bc sau. 1. La chn thit b bng cc phng php nu trn. 2. Nhn phm r hay nhn chut phi quay thit b n v tri mong mun. 3. Nhn phm m lt ngc thit b. 4. Nhn chut tri t thit b vo trong bn v. Hay nhn bt k phm no (tr m v r) t thit b vo bn v.

Cc cng c v v chnh sa
Phn ny gii thiu tnh nng ca cc phn t trn thanh Toolbar bn c th t v ni dy cc thit b vi nhau. -5-

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Hnh 2.3: Cc cng c v v chnh sa

Arrow Tool
Cng c mi tn cho php la chn v di chuyn cc thnh phn ca s , c th kch cng tc. Ngoi ra cn c th nhn p chut ln mt thit b thc hin mt s thao tc nh thay i thng s thit b

Wire Tool
S dng cng c v dy (wire tool) ta c th v dy ni cc thit b. C th v Bus bng cch nhn v gi phm Shift khi bt u v. C th v dy khng lin nt bng cch nhn gi phm Alt khi bt u v. Dy khng lin nt ging nh dy dn thng thng nhng nu n khng c ni vi bt k thit b no th ng dy s khng hin din trong mch netlist.

Text Tool
S dng cng c text c th t cc on vn bn vo trong bn v.

Delete Tool
S dng cng c xa ta c th xa cc thnh phn (dy dn, thit b) trn s nguyn l . Chn delete tool sau nhn vo thnh phn no m bn mun xa. Bn cng c th xa bng cch chn thnh phn mun xa bng cng c mi tn ri bm phm Delete trn bn phm.

Zoom Tool
S dng Zoom tool bn c th phng to thu nh bn v (zoom in v zoom out).

Rotate Button
S dng Rotate Button quay thit b ngc chiu kim ng h. Ngoi ra ta cn c th quay cc thit b sau khi chn chng trong th vin bng cch nhn phm r.

Mirror Button
S dng nt nhn Mirror quay cc thit b theo chiu thng ng gc 1800 (gin nh ta lt trang sch). Ta cng c th quay cc thit b bng cch nhn phm m khi chn thit b t th vin.

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Li
Ta c th hin th li sp xp cc linh kin trong khung v d dng hn. chn hin th li ta lm nh sau. Vo menu Options|Schematic, trong tab General ta chn Visible. Size l khong cch li, Snap To l cc thit b s t ngay li, Print l khi in ra c in li hay khng.

Hnh 2.4: Chnh hin th li

Ni dy cho mch
m phng hoc to nestlist v mch in th cc thnh phn ca mch phi c ni vi nhau bng dy dn. CircuitMaker cung cp cho ta cc phng thc t ng ni dy, ni dy bng tay v ni dy nhanh.

Ni dy t ng
ni dy t ng ta lm nh sau: (hnh 7a) 1. Chn cng c v dy (Wire Tool) trn Toolbar. 2. a tool n ni ta cn ni dy(chn ca mt thit b hay l dy dn) 3. Nhn v gi nt tri chut. 4. Ko n ni m ta cn ni dy n. 5. Dy dn s t ng c sinh ra gia hai im. Ch v dy t ng ch v dy dn gia hai im l mt dy dn hay l chn ca mt linh kin.

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Ni dy bng tay
Ni dy bng tay cho php v dy dn trong bn v chnh xc nh mong mun. Thc hin nh sau: (hnh 7b) 1. Chn cng c v dy (Wire Tool) trn Toolbar. 2. a tool n ni ta cn ni dy(chn ca mt thit b hay l dy dn). 3. Nhn v nh chut tri. 4. Con tr v dy t ng c thay bng con tr v dy bng tay. Nhn chut tri mt ln c th i chiu dy, nhn hai ln kt thc. Ch : Mun v mt dy bus ta s dng phng php v bng tay.

Ni dy nhanh
Mt trong nhng cch n gin ni dy l s dng tnh nng v dy nhanh. Chc nng ny cho php ta t thit b cha c ni dy vo mt dy dn hoc mt chn cha ni ca mt thit b khc v dy ni s c t ng v. Thc hin nh sau: (hnh 7c) 1. Chn mt thit b trong th vin hay l mt thit b c sn trong bn v. 2. Di chuyn thit b sao cho chn cha ni ca thit b cham vo mt dy dn hay l mt chn ca mt thit b khc.

Hnh 2.5: Ni dy cho hai thit b

Dy BUS
Dy bus l mt loi dy ni c bit bao gm nhiu dy ni ring bit. Mi dy ni c mt tn ring v bus cng c tn ring. Bus c nhn din d dng v n c v m hn cc dy cn li. v Bus ta lm nh sau: 1. Nhn gi phm Shift trc khi v dy ni. 2. V dy dn s dng phng php nh phng php v dy dn bng tay cp trn. 3. Sau khi v xong s c hp thoi yu cu t tn cho bus.

Hnh 2.6: t tn cho BUS

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Ni dy dn ti bus
ni dy dn ti bus ta lm nh sau: 1. Chn cng c ni dy. 2. Ni dy t v tr mun ni ti bus. 3. t tn cho dy dn.

Hnh 2.7: t tn cho dy dn ni ti BUS

Ni cc dy dn trn Bus vi nhau.

Nu ta t tn cho hai dy dn ni n bus cng mt tn v ni n cng mt ng bus (hoc ni n hai bus khc nhau nhng cng mt tn), hai dy dn trn s t ng ni vi nhau.

Tn ca node v s kt ni
CircuitMaker s dng tn cho cc node trn mch. Tn ca node s dng xc nh cc sng khi m phng hay phn bit cc dy dn khi v mch in. Ngoi ra node cn c dng ni dy dn, hai on dy dn c c cng tn node s ni vi nhau. C nhiu cch t tn cho node: ngm nh, cc thit b c bit, nhn. Tn node ngm nh, tn ca node c sinh ra t ng khi dy dn c ni vo mt thit b. V d, node name U2_6 c tn nh vy v c ni vo chn s 6 ca thit b U2. Dy dn trn c th ni vi cc thit b khc, tn node ca n c xc nh bi thit b c t ln bn v trc nht trong cc thit b ni vi n. Mt s thit b c u tin cao hn (VCC, GND) th khi ni vi n th tn node s l tn ca thit b . S dng cc thit b kt ni c bit, l cc thit b Input (Connectors| Active| Input), Output (Connectors| Active| Output) v Terminal (Connectors| Active| Terminal), cc thit b trn cho php ta gn nhn cho cc node. Khi t mt trong cc thit b trn vo mch th phi gn nhn cho thit b ni trn. V khi ni vi mt node (dy dn) th tn node s l tn ca thit b . Cc thit b ny c u tin v tn ca node cao hn cc thit b khc k c ngun in.

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Hnh 2.8: Thit b output

Nhn (label), mt Node Label c th c gn cho dy dn to thnh tn ca mt node. t Node label nh sau: 1. Chn Edit > Place Node Label. 2. Ko hnh vung ca Node Label cho n khi no gc tri ca n chm vo dy dn. Nhn nt tri chut. 3. Nhn tn ca node v nhn OK.

Hnh 2.9: Gn node label

xem tt c tn ca cc node trong bn v ta thc hin cc bc sau. Chn Options > Schematic (hay nhn F5.) Cho php Show Node Names checkbox. Nhn OK. Tn ca cc node s xut hin trn cc dy dn ca bn v.

Thng s ca cc thit b
Ta c th chnh thng s ca thit b nh: cc thng tin lin quan n bn v, m phng, netlist v cc thng s khc mt cch d dng. trong mc ny, ch gii thiu nhng thng s c lin quan n vic v mch v s dng trong cc mch s. c th iu chnh cc thng s ta nhn dup chut vo thit b hoc nhn chut phi v chn Device Properties.

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Hnh 2.10: Hp thoi thay i thng s thit b

Cc thuc tnh ca thit b: 1. Device: tn ca thit b c lu trong th vin. 2. Label-Value: nhn ca thit b. 3. Designation: dng phn bit cc thit b trong bn v, nh U1, U2 4. Description: thng tin thm, ch c ngha tham kho trong bn v, khng nh hng m phng. Lu : bn thuc tnh trn c th cho hin th hay khng bng cch chn hay khng ty chn Visible tng ng. 5. Package: cch ng gi ca thit b ( DIP, TO), c ngha khi v mch in. 6. Auto Designation Prefix: tin t t ng thm vo phn Designation mi khi to thit b mi. 7. Spice Prefix Character, Parameters, Spice Data: c ngha khi chy Spice, y ta khng cn quan tm. 8. Bus Data: m t chn no ca thit b s ni vi ngun, t. 9. Exclude From PCB: khng a vo netlist, thng dng cho cc thit b ch phc v m phng(to xung). 10. Analog, digital: cho bit thit b c th m phng ch no. 11. Pin: nhn vo s hin s th t chn ca thit b.

Thay i d liu RAM/ ROM:

i khi trong mch c thit b l RAM hoc ROM. Khi thay i d liu ca PROM th d liu ny s c lu chung khi ta lu bn v, cn i vi RAM ta c th xem, thay i d liu kim tra, g li nhng s khng c lu vi bn v. thay i d liu ca RAM/ROM ta lm nh sau 1. Nhp chut phi vo thit b ri chn Edit PROM/RAM hin hp thoi thay i d liu 2. Thay i nh mun ri bm OK lu li -11-

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Hng dn s dng CircuitMaker 2000

Hnh 2.11: Thay i d liu ROM/RAM

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M phng mch s
Mc ch ca m phng l chy th, kim tra mch, pht hin li, g li. Circuit maker va c th m phng mch tng t va c th m phng mch s, trong phn hng dn s dng ny ta ch cp n vn m phng mch s. M phng s ch c th thc hin c vi thit b thuc dng s hoc thit b va dng s va tng t(xem phn thuc tnh ca thit b bit chi tit). Nu trong mch c thit b dng tng t s c cnh bo trc khi m phng nhng vn cho m phng, khi thit b ny s b b qua v ng dy ni ti thit b ny xem nh h.

Bt u m phng mch s
chn ch m phng mch s ta lm nh sau: chn menu Simulation|Digital Mode; nu chn Simulation|Analog Mode l chn ch m phng mch tng t. Thc hin Simulation|Check Pin Connections kim tra cc thit b c chn no cha c ni dy hay khng. Thc hin Simulation|Check Wire Connections kim tra c ng dy ni no ch mi ni mt u hay khng.

Cc cng c m phng mch s

y l cc cng c phc v cho vic m phng mch s. Nhng cng c ny s khc nu chn ch m phng l tng t

Hnh 3.1 Cng c m phng s

Cng c Prope
S dng cng c Prope xem gi tr logic ca mt dy dn hoc mt nt trong mch; ngoi ra cn c th s dng cng c Prope thay i trng thi ca dy ni. xem trng thi, r cng c ny ln dy dn hoc chn ca thit b mun xem. Khi cng c s hin th mt trong bn gi tr : Mc 1 Mc 0 Xung

Khng xc nh hoc ba trng thi thay i trng thi dy ni, r n dy ni v nhn chut tri, 1 s chuyn thnh 0 v 0 s chuyn thnh 1. gn gi tr ba trng thi, nhn gi shift v nhn chut tri. Nu dy ni vi mt ng xut ca thit b no th sau khi i n s chuyn ngay li gi tr ca ng xut .

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Cng c Reset
Khi ng li qu trnh m phng

Cng c Trace
Bt tt tnh nng Trace. Tnh nng ny hin th gi tr logic ca cc dy dn bng cc mu khc nhau. Mu mc 1, mu xanh dng mc 0, mu xanh l l khng xc nh hoc ba trng thi.

Cng c Run \ Pause:

Bt u hoc dng qu trnh m phng

Cng c Step
Qu trnh m phng s thc hin tng bc. Khi nhn vo cng c ny, m phng s thc hin mt bc v dng li. Nhn ln na s thc hin tip mt bc na.

Cng c Tile Windows

Chn mt trong bn cch xem cc ca s. Ch ca s v mch (Schematic) Ch ca s dng sng (Waveforms) Ca s v mch bn trn, ca s dng sng bn di Ca s v mch bn tri, ca s dng sng bn phi S dng thit b Instruments/ Digital/SCOPE ni vi mt nt ca mch th Circuit Maker s v dng sng cho nt trong ca s dng sng

B to xung
B to xung, thit b trong Instruments|Digital, dng to ra xung cho cc thit b m phng cn clock. chnh cc thng s ca b to xung co th nhp kp vo thit b ny hoc nhp phi chut ri chn Edit Pulser.

Hnh 3.2: B to xung

Pulse High, Pulse Low tng ng chnh thi gian mc mt (tnh bng Tick), mc khng ca b to xung, gi tr hp l l 1 n 100. External Trigger l chnh b to xung s ng vai tr nh Trigger, ch pht ra xung khi c kch vo chn CP1 hoc CP2.

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Cc thng s m phng:
Step size: chnh s bc mi khi nhn Step tool. C th chn Cycles hoc Ticks. Mt Cycle bng 10 Ticks. Tick l n v nh nht, mt Tick s thc hin mt bc trong m phng. X Magnification: chnh rng ca th hin th dng sng Speed: chnh tc m phng. V d nh khi cn xem cc gi tr xut ra led by on th chnh tc m phong nh li. Breakpoint: thit lp im dng. M phng s dng li khi iu kin Breakpoint tha mn. C Hnh 3.3: Thng s m phng th c nhiu iu kin Breakpoint v cc iu kin ny kt hp vi nhau bi php logic and hoc or ty theo ta thit lp. thit lp Breakpoint ta lm nh sau: s dng Instruments/ Digital/SCOPE ni vi dy hoc chn thit b, m ca s v dng sng. Nhn chut vo nh trc tn ca tn hiu nh hnh sau

Hnh 3.4: Thit lp Breakpoint

Nhn s ln lt l chn logic 1, logic 0; chn kiu l kch cnh (Edge) hay kch mc (Level).

Thi gian tr
Thi gian tr ca thit b l thi gian cn thit tn hiu input lan truyn n tn hiu output. Trong CircuitMaker thi gian tr c tnh bng n v Tick, mc nh tt c thit b c thi gian tr l mt Tick, tuy nhin c th thay i gi tr ny t 1 n 14. thay i thi gian tr lm nh sau 1. Chn thit b cn thay i 2. Chn Edit| Set Prop Delays 3. Gn gi tr mi v bm OK

Hnh 3.5: Thay i thi gian tr

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Xem dng sng

Bng cch ni vi thit b Scope c th xem c dng sng khi ang m phng cng nh kt qu ca m phng. Sau khi kt ni, c th xem dng sng trong ca s phn tch.

Hnh 3.6: Xem dng sng

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