Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Briggs, Shirley A. Rachel Carson with Binoculars at Hawk Mountain (Pennsylvania). Photograph. 1945.

Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/getimage.cfm?ID=19.
This photograph of Rachel Carson as an adult shows her observing nature, which demonstrates her connection and love of nature that caused her to write Silent Spring,I used this image on my website to demonstrate that connection. This primary source was accessed through the secondary source of Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection.

Brooks, Gordon. Cartoon. Yankee Magazine, May 1963.

This cartoon expresses the views and feelings of people after Silent Spring was published, it also is showing that the book had a large impact and was "dangerous" to the opinions and chemical industry at the time. I used this cartoon on my website to demonstrate these feelings and provide a visual aid along with other cartoons.

Carson, Rachel. "A Reporter at Large Silent Spring-Part 1." The New Yorker, June 16, 1962. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://archives.newyorker.com/.
This entry, the first part of a three part magazine article and the first publication of Silent Spring for the public, expressed the same ideas and work that was published just two months later in the form of a book. I used this document mainly as a visual aid on my website, I took a screen shot of the digital document and am using that only as an additional image on my website.

. "A Reporter at Large Silent Spring-Part 3." The New Yorker, June 30, 1962. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://archives.newyorker.com.
The final part of Silent Spring in The New Yorker magazine concluded the article series, expressing what the book would include when later published as a book. This document was solely used as a visual aid on my website,I used this article as an image after screen shooting it and using it as an additional visual aid.

. "A Reporter at Large Silent Spring-Part 2." The New Yorker, June 23, 1962. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://archives.newyorker.com/.
This entry of the New Yorker magazine was the second part of the magazine version of Silent Spring, similar to the first part it held the same content as the book would later hold when it was published. Also this entry was only used on my website as a visual aid, which I used by screen shooting the document, to provide a visual display on my website.

Carson, Rachel L. Silent Spring. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1962.
The book Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson was an especially helpful primary source for me, not only was it helpful because it is my topic and focus area, but also because this helped me understand some of the perspectives of the research that I used in my website, I also used the cover of this book on my website. Also I have been able to analyze the work of Rachel Carson and the book itself has revealed the true meanings of her work.

Cover of The Sea Around Us. Photograph. 1951. Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. Accessed February 28, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/publications.html.
This primary image of the original cover of Rachel Carson's second book, The Sea Around Us, was accessed through Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. I used this image on my website as a visual aid in explaining Rachel Carson's work.

DDT. Photograph. Gale. Accessed February 24, 2013. http://go.galegroup.com.

I used this photograph in my website to show the extreme usage of DDT before warnings, such as Silent Spring,were introduced. This primary source was accessed through the secondary source, Gale Biography in Context.

DDT being spread over sheep, 1948. Photograph. 1948. Gale Research. Accessed February 24, 2013. http://go.galegroup.com/.
This photograph of an airplane spraying DDT over a field and over sheep was used in my website to show how DDT was used in the 1940's, this is helpful to readers to use as prior knowledge when they learn about what Rachel Carson challenged. This primary source was accessed through Gale Science in Context.

Earth Day Rally. Photograph. April 22, 1970. National Geographic. Accessed February 26, 2013. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/04/photogalleries/first-earth-day1970-pictures/#/earth-day-rally_4475_600x450.jpg.
This is a primary photograph accessed on the National Geographic website. This photograph shows a group of about 7,000 people gathered at the first Earth Day. I used this photograph on my website to show the interest the public held for protecting the environment at this point in history.

Exploring Rachel Carsons Silent Spring. Photograph. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://admissions.ncsu.edu/blogs/uncategorized/exploring-rachel-carsons-silent-spring/.
This profile photograph of Rachel Carson was taken of her out in nature as an adult. This photograph provided an understanding of Rachel Carson's love and attention for the natural world. I used this entry on my website to demonstrate her passion and provide a profile photograph of her.

A fogger machine sprays the pesticide DDT through residential streets while people watch from their... Photograph. 1949. American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Accessed February 25, 2013. http://go.galegroup.com.
This primary source was accessed through Gale U.S History in Context. I used this photograph of a fogger truck spraying DDT over a neighborhood to prove, on my website, that residents truly didn't know the dangers of DDT and sat on their porches while it was sprayed.

Houghton Mifflin Company. Cover of Monograph, Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin. Photograph. 1962. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.

I accessed the original cover of the book Silent Spring through Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. I used this primary source on my website as a visual aid showing the cover of Rachel Carson's most well known book, Silent Spring.

. Cover of Monograph, The Edge of the Sea, Houghton Mifflin. Photograph. 1955. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.
This primary photograph was accessed through the Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. This photograph is of the original cover of Rachel Carson's second book, The Edge of the Sea, I used this photograph on my website as a visual aid to show Rachel Carson's second book.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Photograph. The New York Times. Accessed February 26, 2013. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/john_fitzgerald_kennedy/in dex.html.
This primary source was accessed through The New York Times. This photograph is used in my website as a visual aid in explaining background and historical context, for John F. Kennedy was a highly important person during this time period.

Lee, John M. "'Silent Spring' Is Now Noisy Summer." The New York Times, July 22, 1962, 87. Accessed February 25, 2013. http://www.proquestk12.com/bulletins/09DEC/images/ProQuest_SilentSpring.pdf.
This newspaper article has provided a primary view of what was happening just after Silent Spring was published. The article also explained some of the counter arguments to the book and predictions from that date of what would happen in the future on the environment debate. I also am using this article on my website as a visual aid in expressing the reactions that followed the publication of Silent Spring.

Noble Foundation. Paul Muller. Image. Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://admissions.ncsu.edu/blogs/uncategorized/exploringrachel-carsons-silent-spring/.
This primary image was accessed through the database, ABC-Clio. I used this image of Paul Muller, the discoverer of DDT, to represent him him on my website.

Oxford University Press. Cover of Monograph, Under the Sea Wind. Photograph. 1941. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.
I used this photograph of Rachel Carson's first book,Under the Sea-Wind, on my website to show her first published book. This photograph is a primary source that I accessed through Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection.

PCW/Chaham College. Rachel Carson in the PCW/ChathamYearbook, The Pennsylvanian (Pennsylvania). Photograph. 1928. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.

This primary source was accessed through Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. I used this photograph in my website to show Rachel carson as a an young adult, this photograph was taken while she was attending Chatham University which then was Pennsylvania College for Women.

"Press Conference, 29 August 1962." John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. Audio file, 00:28. Accessed February 28, 2013. http://www.jfklibrary.org/AssetViewer/Archives/JFKWHA-124.aspx.
This audio clip is a primary source was accessed through the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. This is the audio from a press conference with John F. Kennedy, in which he was asked if he had anyone researching pesticides and in his response he mentioned Rachel Carson. I used this audio clip to present exactly what he said in this press conference.

"Price of Progress." CBS News. Video file, 9:43. September 19, 2007. Accessed December 12, 2012. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch.
The video included secondary and primary sources. The video provided surprising clips of how pesticides were used before and during Silent Springs release. This gave me historical context of what was happening when areas were getting sprayed with pesticides. Also it allowed me to connect and see the differences of pesticide use before and after the publication of Silent Spring.

"The Price of Progress." CBS News-Sunday Morning. Audio file, 09:43. Accessed March 6, 2013. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2714989n.
This audio clip provided quotes from Rachel Carson, these are of her speaking about her opinion and what was happening with pesticides at the time. These provide an important piece of multimedia to prove Rachel Carson's ideas and views at the time of the publication of Silent Spring.

"Rachel Carson." Life Magazine, October 19, 1962.

This entry provided me with a primary quote from Rachel Carson. This quote helped me to understand the events that turned Rachel Carson on science writing. It was important to understand this part of her life, so I am able to understand the rest of the events that followed.

Rachel Carson as Infant with Siblings Marian and Robert at Carson Homestead (Pennsylvania). Photograph. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.
This photograph of Rachel Carson as an infant with her siblings is a primary source that I accessed through the Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. I used this photograph on my website to show Rachel Carson with her family and as a child.

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Produced by Neil Goodwin. WGBH Boston Video, 2007.
This video elaborated on the information about Rachel Carson's life that I already had, giving various perspectives on her life. Also the primary speakers in the video told about who they had seen Rachel Carson as and their experiences being a part of her life.

Rachel Carson with Dog Candy in Her Arms at the Carson Homestead (Pennsylvania). Photograph. 1907-1924. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College.

Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.

This is a primary source that I accessed through the Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. This picture is a photograph of Rachel Carson as a child holding her dog. I was able to use photograph on my website to show Rachel Carson as a child and her connection to animals, which is also a connection to the natural world.

Rachel Carson with Siblings Marian and Robert at the Beach along the Allegheny River. (Pennsylvania). Photograph. 1907-1924. Rachel Carson Collection, College Archives, Chatham College. Accessed February 23, 2013. http://www.chatham.edu/host/library/carson/collection/gallery.cfm.
This primary source was accessed through the Chatham University Jennie King Mellon Library Rachel Carson Collection. I used this photograph of on my website to show as in the picture that Rachel Carson was exposed to the natural world and water as a child.

Stevenson. Cartoon. The New Yorker Magazine, 1963.

This cartoon expressed the reaction and atmosphere around the publication of Silent Spring. This also provided a view of Rachel Carson at the time, through a mockery of her ideas. I used this primary entry as a tool to create a better understanding of the time period.

United Press International photo. Rachel Carson, head-and-shoulders portrait, speaking before Senate Government Operations subcommittee studying pesticide spraying. Photograph. 1963. Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Accessed February 24, 2013. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/carson/aa_carson_consequenc_3_e.html.
This primary source photograph was accessed through The Library of Congress. This photograph was used in my website to show the attention that was given Rachel Carson and the importance of her apperance there. This was demonstrated by the microphones in front of her and this was also used as a visual aid in explaining Rachel Carson's testimony.

Secondary Sources Ashby, Ruth, and Deborah Gore Ohrn, eds. Woman Who Changed the World. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 1995.
The chapter of this book that applied to my topic briefly explained the accomplishments of Rachel Carson, though this source helped me mainly by introducing the idea that Silent Spring and its ideas were translated and established around the world, was the most relevant facts for my project from this source.

Beyl, Caula A. "Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the Environmental Movement." Reading transcript, 1991.
The reading elaborated on who Rachel Carson was as a woman and how her book caused a reaction and what that reaction has done for our environment today. It also revealed and helped me understand the personal attacks and challenges that she faced as she published and defended the her work.

Breton, Mary Joy. Women Pioneers for the Environment. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1998.
This book details Rachel Carson's life and also explains portions of Silent Spring in the way that this author understood the book. It also informed of the effects ofSilent Spring and the last part of Rachel Carson's life, also it also includes how Rachel Carson responded to the questions about her book.

Brooks, Paul. The House Life of Rachel Carson. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.
This source provided me with an understanding of Rachel Carson and her work. The book also defined the mood and feelings of the time period by providing photographs and comics throughout the book. I used three comics from this source to elaborate the feelings of the time on my website. These cartoons highlighted what the public and media had collected from Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

"The Desolate Year." Monsanto Magazine, December 1962, 4-9. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://enviroethics.org/2011/12/02/the-desolate-year-monsanto-magazine-1962/.
This magazine entry provided the article "The Desolate Year" which was published soon after Silent Spring, parodying the first chapter of the book. I only used the illustration at the beginning of the article as a visual aid on my website to express the articles apperance and visual appeal to readers of the magazine.

Graham, Frank, Jr. "Fifty Years after Silent Spring, Assault on Science Continues." Yale Environment 360. Last modified 2012. Accessed December 16, 2012. http://e360.yale.edu/.
This was written by an author who also analyzed Silent Spring. This source helped me to understand how other authors and scientist viewed Silent Spring in the past and today. The website also added knowledge of Rachel Carson's motives, as well as connections to today's climate debates.

Grant, R. G. A Look at Life in the Sixties. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Company, 2000.
This source provided information on the time period in which my event happened, the sixties. This nonfiction book gave events and conditions of the time period, along with information about typical everyday life in the sixties. I used this information along with knowledge of prior events to understand and put my event into context.

Hazlett, Maril. "Rachel Carson." In Encyclopedia of SCience, Technology, and Ethics. N.p.: Gale Biography in Context, 2005. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com.
This reference source provided me with important dates, as well as some of the causes of Rachel Carson's writing followed by the effects of her writing. This information was useful to me in taking notes and recording information for my website. This entry also gave me another view point of Rachel Carson's writing.

Koehn, Nancy F. "From Clam Leadership, Lasting Change." The New York Times. Last modified October 27, 2012. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/28/business/rachel-carsons-lessons-50-years-aftersilent-spring.html.
This article defined more of Rachel Carson's life and who she was as a person. It also detailed her process of writing Silent Spring, the many other people who played a role in the publication of her book and the many

lessons that we can learn from just her writing process. I focused on the main dates and points in her writing, using these facts to create a better understanding of the timeline of Rachel Carson.

Lear, Linda. "Rachel Carson's Biography." The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson. Last modified 1996. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.rachelcarson.org/.
This website introduced Rachel Carson's life written as a secondary biography. This source gave me initial information about Rachel Carson and helped me to begin to understand her path in writing, which lead me to focus on her motives of Silent Spring.

MacGillivray, Alex. Words That Changed The World. New York, NY: Rosen Publishing, 2011.
This nonfiction book provided me with another view and understanding of Silent Spring, which I was able to use to create my opinion and understanding which I used in my website. This book also was able to provide me with other facts about the publication and impacts of the publication of Silent Spring.

McLaughin, Dorothy. "Silent Spring Revisited." PBS Frontline-Fooling with Nature. Last modified 2012. Accessed December 16, 2012. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/disrupt/sspring.html.
This website focused on the events that occurred after the publication of Silent Spring, and the effects of the book. This put the many outcomes of the publication of the book into perspective for me and provided many examples of the changes that took place.

Morriss, Andrew P. "Silent Spring after 50 Years." The Freeman. Last modified 2012. http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/silent-spring-after-50-years.
I used the opinion in this article to analyze the perspectives against and negative effects of Silent Spring, which will let me think about the all the effects, positive and negative. This also gave me some understanding of why Rachel Carson was such a successful author in getting the publics attention about pesticides.

Napoli, Tony, ed. Our Century. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 1993.
This nonfiction book explaining life in the 1950's, includes information major events that happened and important people of the century.I used this source to gather information on the social, political, and economic climate of the century before the major event of my project. This information was valuable to my project because it provided a time frame and understanding of what was happening during the 1950's.

Natural Resources Defense Council. "The Story of Silent Spring." Natural Resources Defense Council-The Earths Best Defense. Accessed December 9, 2012. http://www.nrdc.org/health/pesticides/hcarson.asp.
This secondary website helped me to understand what was happening during the time period that Rachel Carson was writing her book, Silent Spring.It also gave me an understanding of how pesticides, especially DDT, were being used, and lead me to understand of what sparked Rachel Carson's interest in informing the public about pesticides.

Payton, Brian. "Rachel Carson." Earth Observatory NASA. Accessed February 13, 2013. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Carson/Carson2.php.

This website provided an important quote that was important because it allowed me to understand one of the reasons Rachel Carson risked being protested against for having a different view. Also I was able to use this quote when creating my website to help others understand her motives.

"Rachel Carson." Gale Biography in Context. Last modified 2000. Accessed February 25, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com.
This secondary article was extremely useful in gathering initial information about Rachel Carson and further information on her life and those who influenced her choices that eventually led to the writing of Silent Spring.

"Rachel Carson." Notable Women Scientists, November 5, 2000. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com.
This article provided a step by step progression of Rachel Carson's journey to becoming the writer we know her as today. It also placed the publication of her other books into perspective with her life and work. This secondary source was extremely useful in taking notes on her life and work.

"Rachel Carson." Oracle ThinkQuest. Accessed February 1, 2013. http://library.thinkquest.org/J001621/Carson.html.

This entry provided a primary quote, written by Rachel Carson. I also used this website to gain more knowledge about Rachel Carson's life before she wrote Silent Spring. Also it informed me of one of the many new laws Congress passed in the wake of Silent Spring.

"Rachel Carson." PBS: A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries. Last modified 1998. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btcars.html.
This secondary website gave a summary of Rachel Carson's life and provided more initial information. This website also provided a link to another webpage, discussing Silent Spring. Also important; some of text gauged what impact Silent Spring had in perspective of a magazine published at the time.

"Rachel Carson." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.fws.gov/northeast/rachelcarson/carsonbio.html.
This article from The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, detailing Rachel Carson's life also informed me of the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge and provided one of many thoughtful quotes Rachel Carson said, which I used in my website.

"Rachel Carson." Wilderness.net. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.wilderness.net/nwps/carson.

This secondary source from Wilderness.net analyzed Rachel Carson and her life, allowing me more information on her family life and professional life. This information then allowed me to understand some of her motives and experiences. This website also introduced several more resources about Rachel Carson and Silent Spring.

Ravage, Barbara. Rachel Carson Protecting Our Environment. Austin, TX: Raintree SteckVaugh Publishers, 1997.

I used this secondary book to further understand the effects and events after Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, what she left us. Although this book also elaborated on her life, I mainly focused on the sections describing what was in the wake of Silent Spring.

Scott, Jeffrey G. "DDT." In World Book Online. Accessed February 22, 2013. http://worldbookonline.com.
This secondary reference source provided important background facts on the chemical and pesticide DDT. It also provided me with additional information such as the inventor of DDT, which I was able to use to collect more information and pictures for my project.

Stanley, Phyllis M. American Environmental Heroes. Collective Biographies. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1996.
I used this secondary source to add to my background knowledge and initial information about Rachel Carson, and who she was for the environment. The chapter also discussed the response to the book from chemical companies to the formation of the EPA(Environmental Protection Agency).

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Image. American Constitution Society for Law and Policy. October 15, 2012. Accessed February 26, 2013. http://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/all/epa.
This image, accessed through a website that was not the publisher of the image, shows the original logo for the United States Environmental Protection Agency, which I used on my website as a visual aid.

WGBH educational foundation. "Timeline-Endocrine Disruption and Man-made Chemicals." PBS Frontline-Fooling with Nature. Last modified 2013. Accessed February 26, 2013. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/etc/cron.html.
The web page provided a timeline of the discoveries and research done on man-made chemicals being dangerous to humans and events that effected and were effected by these discoveries. This timeline also provided important dates for the use and research of pesticides through out the 1900's, which were used on my website in understanding historical context.

"Woman in History. Rachel Carson Biography." Lake Wood Public Library. Accessed December 2, 2012. http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/cars-rac.htm.
This webpage gave a biography of Rachel Carson and also provided key dates and background information throughout her life. This secondary source also introduced a powerful quote and lead me to an array of other resources.