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Nicotine Addicted: Sarah Silaen 4101401012
Nicotine Addicted: Sarah Silaen 4101401012
Content
How global it is
Brain mechanisms Clinnical aspects of nicotine addiction
Vulnerability to addiction
How global it is
Currently, about 45 million Americans smoke tobacco. 70% of smokers say they would like to quit, and every year, 40% do quit for at least 1 day
But ONLY 3% of them quit SUCCESFULLY
Continued..
On average,435.000 people in the United States die prematurely from smoking related diseases each year overall, smoking causes 1 in 5 deaths
Brain mechanisms
Smoke particles carry the nicotine into the lungs rapidly absorbed into the pulmonary venous circulation then enters the arterial circulation moves quickly from the lungs to the brain
metabolism
Nicotine in body
Neutrotransmitter release
Reduce tolerance
Reinforcement Enhanced performance Mood modulation Lower body weight Reversal of withdrawal symptoms Self-medication
Clinical aspects
Psychoactive Effects of Nicotine
1. 2. Nicotine induces pleasure and reduces stress and anxiety Then causes the emergance of withdrawal symptons irritability,depressed mood,restlessness,an anxiety When a person who is addicted to nicotine stops smoking, the urge to resume is recurrent and persists long after withdrawal symptoms dissipate
Conditioned Behavior
Vulnerability to addiction
The risk of dependence increases when smoking begins early early exposure to nicotine increases the severity of dependence On average, women metabolize nicotine more quickly than men explain why,among smokers,it is more difficult for women to quit
FASTER,BETTER!!