You are on page 1of 26

-

2012


, -
/
, ,
(APA, 2000).
, , ,
, (Davison .,
2012).
; ;
;
, ; ,
(Barlow & Durand, 2012).
,
(APA, 2000).
.
, ,

, (Menzies & de Silva, 2003).
: (), , ,
, ..
(Barlow & Durand, 2012).
1-2%,
(Sadock & Sadock, 2000).
,
, (Kay & Tasman,
2006). ,
. ,
. ,
(APA, 2000). ,
,
.
, ,
(Thackery & Harris, 2003).
,
, , , ,
. Murray & Lopez, (1999)

( de Oliveira, 2012). , ,
,
(Leahy, 2004). ,
( )
. - ()
2

, ,

. ,
SSRI,
, , -
,
,
(Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011). , ,
: ,
, .
,
,
,
(Comer, 2012).

,
,
.
, . , - ()
() ,
. , ,
- .



60- ,
. , ,

(Canestri, 2006).
, , .
,
,
. , , 70- ,
, ,
, ,
,
. , ,

(Antony ., 2007).

, Hodgson Rachman (1972),


,
. , ,
( Antony ., 2007).
, Rper . (1973) ,
..
( Clark, 2004). ,
, ,
. , ,
.
,
, (Antony .,
2007). Marks ., (1975); Foa & Goldstein, (1978),
,
, ,
15-180 .
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
( ODonohue & Fisher, 2009).
- - Mowrer (1939)
,
,
. ,
,
,
(.. ) . ,
. , ,
.

, (..
),
. ,
,
( de Oliveira, 2012).
,
. - ,
(Clark, 2004).
, ,
(),
,
4

. , Victor Meyer (1966),


, (.. )
(.. ).
, , ,
, .
() ,

( Foa ., 2012).
. , 12-

(Leahy,
2004). Abramowitz, (1998); Foa & Kozak, (1996);
Stanley & Turner, (1995); Steketee & Shapiro, (1995); van Balkom, van Oppen, Vermeulen, Nauta, &
Vorst, (1994) (1) 70% 80% ,
, (2)
, (3)
.
( Leahy ., 2012).




.
,
,
, , .
, Reed (1985)

. Hollon & Beck (1986),
, in vivo ,

. , ,
( Clark, 2004).
80- ,
.
,
(Clark & Beck, 2010).
.
(
) .
5

.
,
,
(Antony ., 2007). , ,
,

(Leahy, 2004). ,
, Rachman (1978), :
, ,
( de Oliveira, 2012).
,
. Salkovskis (1989b), ,
. 30%
, ,
,
-.
( Leahy, 2004). ,
, ,
. Rachman (1985)
( Leahy, 2004). ,
, (Foa ., 2012). ,
, ,
- - (Maj .,
2002) ,
.



,

. , Beck
Emery Greenberg (1985)
( Leahy ., 2012). , Hollon Beck (1986)

.
. Carr
(1974), ,
(.,
) ( Antony ., 2007). McFall and Wollersheim (1979),

6

, ,
.
. ,

, ,
( Oltmans & Emery, 2012). Rachman Hodgson (1980), ,
(
Leahy, 2004).
Paul
Salkovskis (1985) Behaviour Research and Therapy.
Rachman
(1978) ,
( Foa ., 2012).
.
. ,

, ,
.

.
, ,

. ,
, ,
,
(Foa ., 2012).

, , . ,
.
, Salkovskis (1980a) ,
( Beck & Clark, 2010).
,
,
, . ,
, ,

(Beck & Clark, 2010). ,

.

.
. ,
7

,

, (Clark, 2004). , ,
.
(1)
; (2)
( ) ; (3)

, ; (4)

(Leahy, 2004).


1
.
,
, (Clark,
2004). 1, ,
, ,
.. -
. Parkinson & Rachman, (1981); Purdon & Clark, (1993);
Rachman & de Silva, (1978), 80-90% -

( Menzies & de Silva, 2003).
, . ,
,

,
.

,
. ,
,
(., ).
,
.
,
. , ,

, -,
- (Clark, 2004).

1. (Clark, 2004,
. 90).


Salkovskis (1985, 1989a, 1999)

,
( Leahy, 2004). Salkovskis ., (1998, . 40)

, .
, , /
( Leahy ., 2012). , ,
/
,
( ) ;
;
;
(Clark, 2004).

?
9

(OCCWG, 2001, 2003; Salkovskis ., 2000; Steketee, Frost, & Cohen, 1998),
,
( de Oliveira, 2012). ,
Bouchard, Rhaume, &
Ladouceur, (1999); Ladouceur ., (1995); Lopatka & Rachman, (1995); Shafran, (1997)

, ,
( Leahy, 2004). ,
, . , Foa ., (2001)
(1)
; Emmelkamp ., (1999),
(2) ,
; Rachman ., (1995) (3)
,
; Menzies ., (2000) (4)
, (
Clark, 2004). ,
.


Rachman (1997, 1998, 2003)
,
( Foa ., 2012). Rachman (1997)
,
.

, , ( Leahy,
2004). Rachman (2003, . 14) :
,
, ,
( Antony ., 2007).
,
. Rachman (2003) . .

,
( Clark, 2004). ,
,
(Clark, 2004) , Rachman (1997)

, :
10

, , (
Leahy, 2004).

,
. OCCWG,
(2001), (2003); Rachman & de Silva, (1978)
,
, ( Foa ., 2012).
, Freeston, Ladouceur, Thibodeau, & Gagnon, (1991); Freeston, &
Ladouceur, (1993); Parkinson & Rachman, (1981); Purdon, (2001)
, ,
( Leahy, 2004).
, ,
- (),
,
(Clark & Beck, 2010). Rachman (1999)

(.,
, ),
(.,
) ( de
Oliveira, 2012).
,
(Clark, 2004). ,
,
. ,
,
.


, Clark & Purdon, (1993); OCCWG, (1997); Purdon & Clark, (2002);
Salkovskis, Richards, & Forrester, (1995)

( Leahy, 2004). ,
(Clark, 2004). ,
,
(Maj ., 2002); ,
Wegner, (1994); Wenzlaff & Wegner, (2000),
, ( Clark & Beck,
2010). ,
11

,
(Clark, 2004)

,
,
, . ,
,
, ,
.
.
, . ,

(.. ) ,
, (Clark & Beck, 2010).
, ,
,
.
2, .

,
(Leahy , 2012). Tolin, Abramowitz, Hamlin, and Synodi (2002)
,
,
, , -
( Leahy, 2004).
,

, ,
.
, .
,

. ,
.
, ,
. ,
, , (de
Oliveira, 2012).

12


(., ,
)


(..
, -

,
,

2. (Clark, 2004, . 135)

13

- :
:



.

,
,
(Antony ., 2007).
1, .
- ,
.
, (
)
. -, ,
,
, (de Oliveira, 2012).
1.
/
-


()







Koran ., (2007) ,
, , 13-20
( Foa ., 2012). , ,
1 . ,
.
14

,
,
.
( , ,
) (Leahy ., 2012).
, -,
, (Clark, 2004).
1.
- ,
,
( ,
, ), ,
, , ,
( ) (Antony ., 2007).

( , , ,
, , .)
. , :
, , ,
, (de
Oliveira, 2012).

. Neziroglu ., (1999); Hollander ., (2002); Raffin
., (2009) , , ,
- ;
; ;
; ; ;
;
; ; ,
( Leahy ., 2012).
2.
2. 1.
, ,
, .

.
,
.
, ( , ,
, ), :
15

(, ), ,
, (de Oliveira, 2012). , ,
/
.
,

.

,
(Leahy, 2004).
,
. ,

,
/ (Clark & Beck, 2010).
,
( ) ,
,
,
(Leahy ., 2012).
-
,
() (), (Leahy, 2004).
, / ,
,
. Noppen .
(1997), ,
.
( de
Oliveira, 2012).
- ,

.
,
/ , .
. :
, / ,
/ (, )
/ (de Oliveira, 2012).

16

2. 2.

. ,
. / /
, .
,
(Foa ., 2012).
Rubak ., (2005); Meyer ., (2010),
, ,
. ,
( de Oliveira, 2012).
,
. ,
,
. ,
( -)
(Leahy .,
2012).
2. 3.
,
, ,
.
Y-BOCS .
, , , /
.

/
,
.
, 0100 0-10. 0 4,
: 1 2 ( ); 3 (
) 4 ( ).
,
, .
/
(Caballo, 1998).
2. 4.
.

17

. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)


Goodman . (1989), 10 , 5 ,
5 , 0 ( ) 4 ( ),
40 . : ,
, , ( Antony ., 2007).
Obsessive Compulsive Inventory revised (OCI R)
Foa . (2002), -,
18
( Foa ., 2012).
, ,
(de Oliveira,
2012).
2. 5. ()
, ,
. , , , ,
.,
,
.. . ,
.
, .
,
,

, /,
. ,
(Leahy, 2004).
, ,
,
(Clark & Beck, 2010).
,
, .
,
, . ,
15 30 ,
3 , .
, .
: , , , ,
, WC (Foa ., 2012).
(), ,
,
, ,
18

. ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , , (ODonohue & Fisher, 2009).
,
,
15 180 ().
.
. ,
1 2.
,
/ /
.
,
. ,
.

(Spiegler & Guevremont, 2010). ,
,
. , Braga . (2010)
. ,
,
( de Olivier, 2012).
Foa ., (2012) :

( 1 2)
80% ;

, 6 8 ;

: ,
;


, ;

(
, , , , ,
,
); (
19

/ ,
), / ;
, (
/ ), /
, .

2. 6.
, ( ),
.
, ,
. , ,
/ . , ,
, . , ,
: , , ,
, , , , ,
(Spiegler & Guevremont, 2010).
3.
3. 1.
,
, / ,
,
.
(, , ),
, ,
. , , (Antony
., 2007).
,
/ , /
.
,
, , .
,
. , / ,
. , ,
; ,
, .
, ,
..
(de Oliveira, 2012).


20

;
,
;
( ) (Leahy, 2004).
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
, (.. - ),
, , ,

, :
, , ,
, , ,
, / (Leahy .,
2012).
, ,
.
,
.

, ,

.
, , , -
; , . ,
,
,
(Clark & Beck, 2010).

. Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery (1979)

(
Leahy, 2004).
3. 2.

/ ,
.
, . ,
, .
, .
21

,
, , , .
,
.
(1)
; (2)
, ; (3)
; (4)
; (5)
,
(Foa ., 2012).


(Foa ., 2005; Abramowitz, 1997; Rosa-Alczar ., 2008)
-, 70%
. ,

SSRI. ,
, ,
(-), , , , ,
, ,
( de Oliveira, 2012). ,
,
,
(-),
, (Maj .,
2002). Simpson ., (1999); Tolin ., (2004); Tenneij ., (2005)
,
( Leahy ., 2012).
Emmelkamp & Beens, (1991); Emmelkamp, Visser, & Hoekstra,
(1988); Jones & Menzies, (1998),
,
,
( Clark, 2004). Van Oppen . (1995)
,
.
,
( Clark & Beck, 2010). Freeston . (1997)
22


,
( de Oliveira, 2012). OConnor, Todorov, Robillard, Borgeat, Brault
(1999) 20 5 ,

, (
Rosenberg & Kosslyn, 2011). Freeston . (1996)
, : (1)
; (2)
; (3) ,
; (4)
( Leahy, 2004). McLean . (2001)
12 , ,
.
,
( Barlow & Durand, 2012). ,
Fals-Stewart ., (1993); Cordioli ., (2003); Sousa ., (2006); Jonsson
., (2009); Jonsson , (2011),
, ( Comer,
2012). Braga ., (2010); Borges ., (2011)
(
de Oliveira, 2012).
,
(Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).
,
.
,
,
. Emmelkamp & Beens,
(1991); Emmelkamp ., (1988); de Haan ., (1997); van Oppen ., (1995)
,
, McClean . (2001)
( Foa ., 2012). , ,

,
( - )
(Clark, 2004).
, , ,
.
,
(Leahy ., 2012). ,
. ,
23

,
, .

, ,
.

24

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (Text Revision). Washington, DC
Antony, M. M., Purdon, C. & Summerfeldt, L. J. (2007). Psychological Treatment of ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder: Fundamentals and Beyond. Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association
Barlow, D.H. & Durand, V.M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach. Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth Publishing
Caballo, V. E. (1998). International Handbook of Cognitive and Behavioural Treatments for
Psychological Disorders. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd
Canestri, J. (2006). Psychoanalysis: From Practice to Theory. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Clark, D. A. (2004). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD. New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Clark, D. A. & Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice.
New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Comer, R.J. (2012). Abnormal Psychology (8th edition). New York, NY: Worth Publishers
Davison, G.C., Neale, J.M., Johnson, S. & Kring, A. (2012). Abnormal Psychology (12th edition).
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc
de Oliveira, I. R. (2012). Standard and Innovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy.
Rijeka: In Tech
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E. & Lichner, T. K. (2012). Exposure and Response (Ritual) Prevention for
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Therapist Guide (2nd edition). New York: Oxford University
Press, Inc
Kay, J. & Tasman, A. (2006). Essentials of Psychiatry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Leahy, R. L. (2004). Contemporary cognitive therapy : theory, research, and practice. New York,
NY: The Guilford Press
Leahy, R. L., Holland, S. J. F. & McGinn, L. K. (2012) Treatment Plans and Interventions for
Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2nd edition). New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Maj, M., Sartorius, N., Okasha, A. & Zohar, J. (2002). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2nd
edition). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Menzies, R. G & de Silva, P. (2003). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Theory, Research and
Treatment. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Abnormal Psychology (5th edition). New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Oltmans, T.F. & Emery, R.E. (2012). Abnormal Psychology (7th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson Education, Inc
Rosenberg, R.S. & Kosslyn, S.M. (2011). Abnormal Psychology. New York, NY: Worth Publishers
ODonohue, W. & Fisher, J. E. (2009). General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques
of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Sadock, B. J. & Sadock, V.A. (2000). Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry
(7th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers
25

Spiegler, M. D. & Guevremont, D. C. (2010). Contemporary Behavior Therapy (5th edition).


Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing

26

You might also like